No abstract available.
Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing* ; Immunization* ; Mice*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the change of clinical characteristics of prostatic cancer after the introduction of PSA (Prostate specific antigen) assay and TRUS (Transrectal ultrasonography), we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 155 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma who were managed at Seoul National University Hospital from January 1985 to December 1994. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were stratified into 2 groups (Group I: 45pts{1985-1989} and Group II: 110pts{1990-1994}) by the year 1990 when our hospital began to use PSA assay and TRUS to detect prostatic cancer. PSA was measured by monoclonal radioimmunometric assay (ELSA-PSA). Tumor staging consisted of DRE (digital rectal. examination), TRUS, CT, MRI, simple bone X-ray and radionuclide bone scan. Clinical characteristics of 2 groups were compared. RESULT: Proportion of younger pts increased in group II but this was not statistically significant (p>0.05 by chi-square test). Number of pts were annually increasing , especially after the year 1990 when PSA assay and TRUS were introduced into clinical practice. Despite use of PSA and TRUS, the number of clinically localized pts did not differ between 2 groups. There was no difference in distribution of chief complaints between 2 groups. There were 3 pts who were detected by increased PSA alone. CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer incidence is increasing and will substantially increase in the future on the basis of increasing tendency to the old population, improved cancer detection and improved public awareness. More than 70% of pts have metastases or regional extension (Stage C or D). These dismal statistics constitute the main reason for early detection programs in the population at large.
Adenocarcinoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul

Adnexal torsion is not a common surgical emergency in Obstetrics and Gynecology. and is not observed frequently during pregnancy with its incidence being one out of about 5,000 pregnancies: Pregnancy is a factor that encourages torsion. The traditional treatment for ischemic and twisted adnexa consists of oophorectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy. with early diagnosis, a conservative approach is recommended in cases of young women to assure future fertility. with a brief review ofliterature, we report a case of unilateral salphingo-oophorectomy during pregnancy due to adnexal torsion with the delivery of a normal baby.
Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fertility ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Obstetrics ; Ovariectomy ; Pregnancy*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate therapeutic effect of local steroid injection in carpal tunnel syndrome, and to make a comparison between therapeutic effect in patients with and without diabetic neuropathy. METHOD: 30 patients (40 hands) with carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed clinically and electrophysiologically were injected with 40mg of methylprednisone. Patients were evaluated with the visual analogue scale after 4 weeks and 8 weeks. According to the therapeutic responses, the patients were grouped into: excellent; good; poor; failed; recurrent. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, symptom relief was noted in the 95% of all cases: 100% of the patients without diabetic neuropathy; 82% of the patients with diabetic neuropathy. After 8 weeks, symptom relief was noted in the 82.5% of all cases: 86% of the patients without diabetic neuropathy; 73% of the patients with diabetic neuropathy. There was no statistically significant difference between the patients with and without diabetic neuropathy (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that local steroid injection in carpal tunnel syndrome was an effective therapeutic modality for a short term and local steroid injection in the carpal tunnel syndrome with diabetic neuropathy diagnosed by palmar test also had a good effect.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To obtain the mean value of parameters of the jaw jerk and to investigate gender difference on the jaw jerk in normal young adults in Korea. METHOD: In young 40 subjects (20 males and 20 females), the jaw jerks were elicited by chin tapping in the relaxed masseter muscles of both sides. RESULTS: The jaw jerks were recorded in 100% of the total number of chin-taps. The mean latency was 5.39 ms in the males and 5.14 ms in the females (p>0.05). The mean amplitude was 0.75 mV in the males and 0.59 mV in the females (p>0.05). The mean duration was 8.18 ms in the males and 7.85 ms in the females (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: No significant differences were found in the parameters of the jaw jerk between males and females in this study.
Chin ; Female ; Humans ; Jaw* ; Korea ; Male ; Masseter Muscle ; Young Adult*

BACKGROUND: There is high interest in a new approach to improve children's lifestyle habits in order to prevent childhood obesity. A smartphone application (app) is a new technology platform that can be used to prevent childhood obesity. METHODS: The key messages for healthy eating habits and physical activities were selected by experts in nutrition, physical activity, and psychology and were adjusted for use in elementary school students. Gamification techniques were used to increase app user engagement. A total of 249 students in grades 4-6 were asked to rate their satisfaction for the app after 4 weeks of use. RESULTS: The main menu of "HAPPY ME" was composed of user profile, "EVERYDAY QUEST," exercise diary, diet diary, settings, and notifications. The app users were asked to complete 6-9 daily missions regarding healthy eating habits and physical activities through "EVERYDAY QUEST." The mean satisfaction scores for each variable were distributed from 3.6 to 4.0 points, and most of the students responded that they would continue to use the app (4.0 points). CONCLUSION: We developed a smartphone app (HAPPY ME) for 4th-6th grade elementary students aimed to provide educational information about healthy eating habits and physical activities in order to prevent childhood.
Child ; Diet ; Eating ; Humans ; Life Style ; Motor Activity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Psychology ; Religious Missions ; Smartphone

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of intrascleral fixation of the three-piece intraocular lenses (IOLs) 2.5 mm posterior to the limbus with ciliary sulcus implantation and transscleral fixation 2.5 mm posterior to the limbus. Methods: Sixty-five eyes of 65 patients who underwent ciliary sulcus implantation or transscleral or intrascleral fixation of the AMO Sensar AR40e IOL were retrospectively reviewed. The postoperative refractive prediction error, back-calculated effective lens position (ELP), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and postoperative residual cylinder were compared. Results: There were significant differences in the median (interquartile range) postoperative refractive prediction error (diopters [D]) among the three groups (p < 0.001): for ciliary sulcus implantation (33 eyes), −0.89 D (−1.21 to −0.56 D); for transscleral fixation (10 eyes), −0.40 D (−0.78 to −0.22 D); and for intrascleral fixation (22 eyes), 0.01 D (−0.28 to 0.34 D). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed in the median back-calculated ELP: for ciliary sulcus implantation, 4.35 mm (3.95 to 4.55 mm); for transscleral fixation, 4.51 mm (4.34 to 4.76 mm); and for intrascleral fixation, 4.90 mm (4.56 to 5.35 mm). There were no differences in the median postoperative CDVA (0, 0.10, and 0 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, respectively; p = 0.083) and the residual cylinder (−0.75, −1.50, and −0.63 D, respectively; p = 0.074) among three groups. Conclusions Intrascleral fixation showed no myopic shift and the most posterior lens position, while ciliary sulcus implantation induced the greatest myopic shift and the most anterior lens position. However, there was no significant difference in the postoperative CDVA or astigmatism among the eyes with different IOL insertion methods, demonstrating good IOL stability and vision outcomes.

Background/Aims: Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder. Prucalopride is a dihydrobenzofurancarboxamide derivative with gastrointestinal prokinetic activities and is recommended as an appropriate choice in patients unresponsive to laxatives. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of prucalopride in Korean patients with chronic constipation, in whom laxatives were ineffective. Methods: This prospective, non-interventional post-marketing surveillance of prucalopride was conducted from 2012 to 2018 at 28 hospitals in Korea. Adults who received prucalopride for the symptomatic treatment of chronic constipation were included. The patients received 2 mg of prucalopride once daily or 1 mg once daily in patients older than 65 years. The baseline characteristics, adverse events (AEs), and seven-point scale of Clinical Global Impression-Improvement were collected. Results: Of 601 patients, 67.7% were female, and the mean age was 62.3 years. Three hundred patients (49.9%) were older than 65 years. At the baseline, 70.0% of patients reported less than two instances of spontaneous complete bowel movements per week. AEs were reported in 107 patients (17.7%), including headache (3.2%) and diarrhea (2.8%). Seven serious AEs (SAEs) were reported in five patients (0.8%). The SAEs were resolved without complications; there were no cases of death. All SAEs were assessed as ‘unlikely’ causality with prucalopride. In 72.7% of patients, chronic constipation was improved by the prucalopride treatment during the study period. Conclusions This study demonstrated the promising safety and efficacy profile of prucalopride in clinical practice. Thus, prucalopride should be considered in patients with chronic constipation when bowel symptoms are refractory to simple laxatives.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of transfer learning in a deep convolutional neural network for classifying implant fixtures. Materials and Methods: Periapical radiographs of implant fixtures obtained using the Superline (Dentium Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea), TS III (Osstem Implant Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea), and Bone Level Implant (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) systems were selected from patients who underwent dental implant treatment. All 355 implant fixtures comprised the total dataset and were annotated with the name of the system. The total dataset was split into a training dataset and a test dataset at a ratio of 8 to 2, respectively. YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once version 3, available at https://pjreddie.com/darknet/yolo/), a deep convolutional neural network that has been pretrained with a large image dataset of objects, was used to train the model to classify fixtures in periapical images, in a process called transfer learning. This network was trained with the training dataset for 100, 200, and 300 epochs. Using the test dataset, the performance of the network was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results: When YOLOv3 was trained for 200 epochs, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and confidence score were the highest for all systems, with overall results of 94.4%, 97.9%, 96.7%, and 0.75, respectively. The network showed the best performance in classifying Bone Level Implant fixtures, with 100.0% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Conclusion Through transfer learning, high performance could be achieved with YOLOv3, even using a small amount of data.

Purpose: This study proposed a generative adversarial network (GAN) model for T2-weighted image (WI) synthesis from proton density (PD)-WI in a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. Materials and Methods: From January to November 2019, MRI scans for TMJ were reviewed and 308 imaging sets were collected. For training, 277 pairs of PD- and T2-WI sagittal TMJ images were used. Transfer learning of the pix2pix GAN model was utilized to generate T2-WI from PD-WI. Model performance was evaluated with the structural similarity index map (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) indices for 31 predicted T2-WI (pT2). The disc position was clinically diagnosed as anterior disc displacement with or without reduction, and joint effusion as present or absent. The true T2-WI-based diagnosis was regarded as the gold standard, to which pT2-based diagnoses were compared using Cohen’s ĸ coefficient. Results: The mean SSIM and PSNR values were 0.4781(±0.0522) and 21.30(±1.51) dB, respectively. The pT2 protocol showed almost perfect agreement (ĸ=0.81) with the gold standard for disc position. The number of discordant cases was higher for normal disc position (17%) than for anterior displacement with reduction (2%) or without reduction (10%). The effusion diagnosis also showed almost perfect agreement (ĸ=0.88), with higher concordance for the presence (85%) than for the absence (77%) of effusion. Conclusion The application of pT2 images for a TMJ MRI protocol useful for diagnosis, although the image quality of pT2 was not fully satisfactory. Further research is expected to enhance pT2 quality.