No abstract available.
Antibody Formation* ; Lymphocytes* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

No abstract available.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sputum*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Lymphokines* ; Monocytes* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Lymphocytes* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that influence adults halitosis. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 186 adults aged from 35 to 69, between April 4 and May 30, 2012. Data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, and binary logistic regression analysis SPSS 19.0. RESULTS: The most influential factor of VSCs was halitosis perceived by others (OR: 5.18; 95% CI: 1.82-14.70), which was followed by oral respiration (OR: 3.65; 95% CI: 1.28-10.41), and O'Leary index (OR: 3.40; 95% CI: 1.55-7.46) in the order. The influential factors of ammonia were respiratory disease (OR: 30.72; 95% CI: 1.85-51.37), gastrointestinal disease (OR: 12.28; 95% CI: 1.78-44.79), missing tooth (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.57-8.92), periodontal pocket (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.10-6.18), tongue brushing (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15-0.95), and oral prophylaxis (within a year) (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13-0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Halitosis is the result of complex actions among individual characteristics, systematic disease, oral health state, and health behavior.
Adult ; Aged ; Ammonia ; Dental Plaque Index ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Halitosis ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Oral Health ; Periodontal Pocket ; Respiration ; Tongue ; Tooth

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of providing toothbrushing by professionals as part of oral hygiene education for the elderly. We randomly visited 12 centers in the metropolitan city and analyzed the data of 114 participants among 310 early registrants aged >65 years, who participated in the study at all 3 time points. The subjects were categorized into an experimental group (odd-numbered visits) and a control group (even-numbered visits). Oral hygiene practices were provided for both experimental and control groups, but professional toothbrushing was performed in a different manner in the experimental group. Differences in plaque index (PI) according to the subjects' general characteristics and oral health status were assessed using the t-test, and the effect of PI difference between the experimental and control groups was assessed by repeated measure two-way analysis of variance. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to analyze factors affecting the PI. At baseline, the mean overall PI was 61.82. In both experimental and control groups, the PI significantly reduced from the baseline (p <0.01). At 5 weeks, the experimental group showed a decrease of 27.16 points from the baseline, and the 10-week PI was similar to the 5-week PI. The control group showed a decrease of 14.87 points from the baseline, and the PI increased by 5.74 points at 10 weeks. PI-related factors were gender and self-xerostomia. The PI was lower in the female group and the group with self-xerostomia (p <0.01). It is important to select an appropriate method to educate elderly subjects on proper removal of dental plaque and to habituate correct behavior, which requires inclusion of a direct toothbrushing intervention by a specialist.
Aged* ; Dental Plaque ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Methods ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Specialization ; Toothbrushing*

Pseudomonas infections can occur from inadequate chemical treatment of water, prolonged exposure to the water source and excessive numbers of bathers in the pool or hot tub. Therefore, pseudomonas folliculitis is also called 'hot tub folliculitis'. We report a 3-year-old boy with Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis suggestively caused by water from the bathing tub of a Hotel. According to the sanitary code of the United States of America, pool staff should regularly check both chlorine and pH levels to prevent swimmers from recreational water infection. However, in Korea, there is no definite regulation regarding chlorine or pH level of recreational water. Thus, we report this issue with a review of the literature.
Americas ; Baths ; Chlorine ; Folliculitis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Korea ; Preschool Child ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Pseudomonas Infections ; United States ; Water

Vascular injury caused by a central venous catheter (CVC) has been reported to be a rare complication, especially delayed vascular injury due to CVC has a few cases and it can be fatal because of delayed recognition and more serious complications. A 59-year-old woman with no available medical history was admitted for treatment of ovarian cancer. For the surgery, a triple-lumen CVC was placed through the left subclavian vein. Parenteral nutrition through the CVC was used for postoperative nutritional management in the first postoperative day. On the sixth postoperative day (POD), the patient suddenly complained of dyspnea. The CT revealed bilateral pleural effusion and irregular soft tissue density and air bubble in anterior mediastinum suggesting migration of the distal portion of the CVC into the anterior mediastium. In the intensive care unit (ICU) bilateral thoracentesis and percutaneous drainage were performed. She was discharged from the ICU in 3 days later and transferred to the general ward. This case emphasizes the possibility of the delayed vascular injury related to CVC and some strategies for prevention of vascular injury.
Central Venous Catheters* ; Drainage ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Mediastinitis* ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total* ; Patients' Rooms ; Pleural Effusion ; Subclavian Vein ; Thoracentesis ; Vascular System Injuries*

Tetanus is a bacterial infection by Clostridium tetani. Its neurotoxin causes spastic paralysis and autonomic dysfunction. Intrathecal infusion of baclofen has been suggested as a pertinent treatment for generalized spasm. Our case describes a patient who had a severe generalized form of tetanus, and was effectively treated with intrathecal baclofen infusion. He showed cerebral and brainstem dysfunction during baclofen infusion, which were reversed without sequelae when baclofen was discontinued.

Epidural steroid injection (ESI), which is commonly used for treatment of low back pain with lumbosacral radicular pain, can be performed via transforaminal, interlaminar, or caudal routes. The transforaminal route is generally regarded as more effective than the interlaminar route due to its high level of drug delivery to the ventral epidural space. However, in some postoperative patients, use of the transforaminal route may be difficult. Thus, there is an urgent need for technology that can offer more effective drug delivery to the ventral epidural space with fewer complications. In this context, we describe a case about our new method where patient has undergone oblique interlaminar lumbar epidural steroid injection (OIL-ESI) instead of transforaminal ESI. We treated a patient with OIL-ESI instead of transforaminal ESI. Patient was symptomatic improved at postoperative visits. Based on our findings, OIL-ESI may be a suitable alternative to transforaminal ESI.
Epidural Space ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Low Back Pain* ; Methods ; Pain Management