No abstract available.
Transplants*

No abstract available.
Transplants*

Type I and type II collagens are considered the major collagens of bone and cartilage respectively. Monitoring the patterns of those gene and protein expressions during development will provide a basis for the understanding of the normal and abnormal growths. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of collagen genes and proteins involved in the developing human mandible. Fifty embryos and fetuses were studied with Alcian blue-PAS, Masson's Trichrome, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and Southern blot analysis. Our results showed that pro-alpha1(II) collagen gene expression begins in the 5th week. Type II collagen is synthesized in mesenchymal cells in advance of overt chondrogenesis. The gene expression for type II collagen was highest during the appearance of Meckel's cartilage. There was a switch in collagen protein expression from type I to type II during the appearance stage of Meckel's cartilage. The distribution of the mRNA for type II collagen corresponded well with the pattern of type II collagen protein. The endochondral ossification was observed where there was direct replacement of cartilage by bone.
Blotting, Southern ; Blotting, Western ; Cartilage ; Chondrogenesis ; Collagen ; Collagen Type II* ; Embryonic Structures ; Fetus ; Gene Expression ; Humans* ; Mandible* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger

We have examined the in vitro stage-related chondrogenic potential of human mandibular and limb bud mesenchyme cells using micromass culture, Our results indicate that limb bud mesenchyme cells as early as stage 16 by Carnegie system (37 days), well before the initiation of in vivo chondrogenesis, have chondrogenic potential which is expressed in micromass culture, These results are correlated with stage-related chondrogenic potential of human limb bud in vivo as a result of Alcian blue staining. The proliferation of chondrogenic cells increased in the first 3 days after culture and then decreased. These results were correlated with the cell cycle analysis of which the number of G degrees/G1 phase increased markedly after 3 days of culture, while the percentage of cells in S phase was decreased, On the other hand, it was rarely differentiated in the mandible. We examined the effects of two PKC modulators such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of PKC, and staurosporine (STSN), an inhibitor of PKC. PMA inhibited the chondrogenesis, whereas STSN promoted the chondrogenesis in a dose dependent manner. In addition, PMA exerted no inhibitory effect when the cells were pretreated for 24 h with STSN, implying that the chondrogenic events might be settled at an early step in vitro and PKC may act as a negative modulator, Collectively, these results demonstrate, for the first time, the stage-related chondrogenic potential of human mandibular and limb bud mesenchyme cells and the role of PKC during chondrogenesis in vitro & in vivo.
Alcian Blue ; Cell Cycle ; Chondrogenesis ; Embryonic Structures* ; Extremities* ; Hand ; Humans* ; Limb Buds* ; Mandible ; Mesoderm ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; S Phase ; Staurosporine

A method for exact evaluation of ligament integrity of the knee joint would be of clinical importance from the diagnostic point of view as well as from the desire to introduce objective measurement of stability either pre-and postoperatively, or before and after conservative treatment. Assessment of the posterior cruciate injury has been considered by numerous authors over the past decades. Even stress machine, such as Gonylaxometer, knee ligament arthrometer(KT-l000) and Genucome, have many problems such as soft tissue error, expansiveness and low popularity. Generally, orthopedic surgeons use passive tests, in which the displacing force is applied externally, to evaluate the integrity of the ligaments of the knee. Posterior tibial displacement of knee was measured at quadriceps neutral angle using a specially designed frame which minimized the rotational error to negate the quadriceps pulling effect. Posterior displacement of both sides of knee was measured in 15 patients who had posterior cruciate ligament injury and 40 adults who had normal knee. The following results were obtained. l. In the normal knee, the mean score of posterior tibial displacement was 3.0875mm in left, 2.8125mm in right each other and there was a mean of 1.05mm posterior displacement of tibia compared to the contralateral knee(range: 0–2.5mm). 2. More than 6mm displacement of lateral femoral condyle compared to the uninjured knee suggested posterior cruciate ligament injury. 3. This radiological measurement seems very efficient in detecting the posterior cruciate ligament instability of knee because of its simplicity, inexpensiveness and easy reproducibility with minimal error.
Adult ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Surgeons ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Prognosis*

PURPOSE: It is well known that linear growth in diabetic children is closely related to metabolic control and age of onset. Some studies showed growth retardation in diabetic children regardless of the degree of metabolic control, whereas others reported no growth impairment. Until now, no study has been done comparing linear growth between type 1 and type 2 diabetic children. Therefore, we compared the growth and weight status between type 1 and type 2 diabetic children. METHODS: 145 children with type 1 DM and 27 patients with type 2 DM were studied. Their growth status in height standard deviation score(HTSDS), obesity according to standard weight for height and body mass index(BMI), and HbA1c level at onset, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years and 5 years after treatment were compared. RESULTS: There was no distinct correlation in HTSDS in type 1 and type 2 DM, but in type 2 DM obesity according to standard weight for height and BMI was higher than in type 1 DM. deltaHTSDS 5 years after treatment of diabetic children with poor glycemic control were significantly decreased(P<0.05), but there was no significant correlation between HbA1c and obesity according to standard weight for height and BMI. CONCLUSION: There is no significant correlation between the type of diabetes and growth status, but the poor glycemic controled group showed a significant decrease in deltaHTSDS. These data suggest that the growth of diabetic children could be impaired in the case of poor glycemic control and long duration of diabetes.
Age of Onset ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Obesity

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cricetinae ; Cytoplasm ; Epigenomics ; Epithelium ; Islands ; Mineral Oil ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Mucous Membrane ; Prognosis ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factors

No abstract available.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen*