Primary Pulmonary leiomyosarcomas are rare tumors. These tumors may arise at any level of the lung in which smooth muscle fibers are found. The highest incidence of sarcoma is during the fourth decade whereas for bronchogenic carcinoma the maximum incidence is during the sixth and seventh decades. Leiomyosarcomas are aggressive and progressive. Treatment is mainly surgical. The chemotherapy is ineffective and the effectiveness of radiotherapy depends on the total dose of irradiation. Prognosis and significant survival rate are related to the size of the lesion. We report one patient with primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma involving the right lower lung.
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Lung ; Muscle, Smooth ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Sarcoma ; Survival Rate

Degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR is an useful technique to amplify whole genome and its the applications for fluorescent in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) were reported. For the CGH, topoisomerase and sequenase were recommended to use for the better hybridization. But adding the enzymes to PCR reaction per every cycle is labor-intensive and can easily contaminate PCR reaction. This study was carried out to prove the possibility of application of DOP-PCR to CGH without use of sequenase. Several combinations of CGH e.g., DOP-PCR amplified normal DNA vs. DOP-PCR amplified normal DNA, DOP-PCR amplified normal DNA vs. non-DOP normal DNA, DOP-PCR amplified normal DNA vs. DOP-PCR amplified MCF-600 cell line DNA, and non-DOP normal DNA vs. non-DOP MCF-600 DNA were performed. In addition, randomly selected microsatellite loci were tested to know whether DOP-PCR covers whole genome amplification. Apparently the DOP-PCR provides enough amount and size of DNA for CGH application and covers whole genome amplification. These results suggest that DOP-PCR can be used for CGH and genotyping.
Cell Line ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization* ; DNA ; Genome ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No abstract available.
Prune Belly Syndrome*

OBJECTIVES: To analyze chromosomal abnormalities according to patient's age and indications of patients in midtrimester amniocentesis for prenatal genetic diagnosis. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 1,565 cases of midtrimester prenatal genetic amniocentesis cases which were done in the cytogenetics laboratory at Kangnam St. Hospital, Catholic University Medical College from November1997 to May 2000. RESULTS: In 1,565 cases, the most common maternal and gestational age distributions were 35 to 39 years old and 17 to 17+6 weeks (32.78% and 21.47%, respectively). Abnormal maternal serum markers were the most common indication for amniocentesis (43.64%), and followed by advanced maternal age (40.45%) and abnormal ultrasonographic findings (3.64%). The overall incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was 4.47% (70 cases), of which numerical abnormalities and structural abnormalities were 1.86% (29 cases) and 2.61% (41 cases), respectively. Among the autosomal abnormalities, Down syndrome was most common (10 cases, 0.65%), and followed by Edward syndrome (9 cases, 0.59%). Among the sex chromosomal abnormalities, both of 47,XXX and 47,XXY were most common (3 cases, 0.20%, respectively). Chromosomal abnormalities were most frequently noted in the maternal age of 25 to 29 years old (5.10%), 30 to 34 years old (4.82%), 40 to 44 years old (4.31%), and followed by 35 to 39 years old (3.90%). On the other hand, chromosomal abnormalities were most frequently noted in abnormal ultrasonographic findings (7.02%), previous history of aneuploidy (5.88%), and followed by advanced maternal age (3.95%). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that although advanced maternal age is still important indication in midtrimester amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis, abnormal maternal serum markers and ultrasonographic findings might be also important as indications. Therefore, they should be considered in prenatal genetic counseling.
Adult ; Amniocentesis* ; Aneuploidy ; Biomarkers ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetic Analysis* ; Cytogenetics* ; Diagnosis ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Genetic Counseling ; Gestational Age ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Maternal Age ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: We conducted this research to make an earlier diagnosis and identify better treatment for Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) by comparing clinical findings with nonspecifically enlarged cervical lymph nodes in children. METHODS: Nineteen patients were diagnosed with KFD by tissue pathology from a fine needle aspiration biopsy and/or excisional biopsy and were compared with the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of reactive hyperplasia. RESULTS: The average onset age of onset for patients with KFD was 11.8+/-3.61 years, and the male to female ratio was 1:1.1, whereas patients with reactive hyperplasia were 11.8+/-5.96 years, and the male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Patients with KFD suffered more from fever than patients with reactive hyperplasia (68% vs. 13%, P=0.002). Patients with KFD showed perinodal infiltration (P=0.001) and necrosis on computed tomography, whereas patients with reactive hyperplasia did not show any of these findings. Ultrasonographic findings were similar between the two study groups. In contrast, the histopathological examinations of biopsied cervical lymph nodes were enormously helpful for distinguishing the findings of KFD from those of patients with reactive hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: We recommend a histopathological examination to distinguish KFD from reactive hyperplasia in children with significantly enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
Age of Onset ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Child ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Fever ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis ; Male ; Necrosis

Potassium balance in chronic hypokalemia is regulated by ion channels, ion transporters, and various related genes. We isolated general transcription factor IIA (GTF IIA) gene using a DNA chip microassay, a useful method in cloning genes. Northern analysis and in situ hybridization (ISH) were carried out to analyze the expression and localization of GTF IIA mRNA in rat in relation to the amount of potassium in the diet. Isoform-specific 32P-labeled cDNA (Northern analysis) or digoxigenin-labeled cRNA (ISH) probes were used. Northern analysis demonstrated that GTF IIA mRNA was expressed abundantly in testis; modestly in heart, kidney, lung, adrenal gland, liver, and spleen; and weakly in brain, distal colon, duodenum, salivary gland, and stomach. In potassium-restricted animals, GTF IIA expression was decreased in the kidney, adrenal gland, and spleen, but expression was restored to normal levels in L3w. The expression level in the lung was decreased in L3d and L2w, and increased in L1w and L3w. ISH showed that mRNA for the GTF IIA gene was detected in the distal convoluted tubule, S3 segment of the proximal tubule, and cortical collecting duct in the normal group. In potassium-restricted groups, the hybridization signal was detected in the distal convoluted tubule, S3 segment of the proximal tubule, and entire collecting tubule. The signal intensity of the outer and inner medullary collecting ducts was higher in the potassium-restricted group than in the normal group but was decreased in the distal convoluted tubule and S3 segment of the proximal tubule. In the normal group, mRNA of the GTF IIA gene was detected in the zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal gland, lymphocytes of the marginal zone, germinal center of the spleen, and bronchial epithelium and lymphocytes of the lung. mRNA for the GTF IIA gene was also detected in the cells of the basal portion of the intestinal glands of the distal colon and stomach, and in spermatogonia and spermatocytes of the seminiferous tubule. These results suggest that expression of GTF IIA differs between various tissues and that increased expression of the GTF IIA gene in the outer and inner medullary collecting ducts of the hypokalemic kidney might regulate the ion transporter genes in these segments.
Adrenal Glands ; Animals ; Brain ; Chimera ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Colon ; Diet ; DNA, Complementary ; Duodenum ; Epithelium ; Germinal Center ; Heart ; Hypokalemia ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Ion Channels ; Ion Transport ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Potassium ; Prothrombin ; Rats ; RNA, Complementary ; RNA, Messenger ; Salivary Glands ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Spermatocytes ; Spermatogonia ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Transcription Factors ; Zona Glomerulosa

The distribution of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes I, II, IV, and IX was investigated in pancreatic islet of the rat using Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry. Western blotting analysis demonstrated strong CAI and II expression, but weak CAIV and no CAIX expression. Immunohistochemical reaction of pancreatic islet revealed no staining for CAI and II. CAIV was detected in the peripheral cells of the islet. CAIX was detected in the peripheral cells and occasional in the centrally located cells. Signals for CAIV were observed at the plasma membrane and/or in the cytoplasm of islet cells. Location of CAIV in the A cells was confirmed by subjecting serial sections of pancreas to staining for CAIV and glucagon, which showed colocalization in the A cells. Immunohistochemical staining of pancreatic acinus revealed abundant staining for CAI in interacinar blood vessels and CAII in ductal and acinar cells. These results demonstrate the differential distribution of CA isoenzymes in pancreatic islet, and suggest that A cells of pancreatic islet might contain both CAIV and IX.
Acinar Cells ; Animals ; Blood Vessels ; Blotting, Western ; Carbon* ; Carbonic Anhydrases* ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Glucagon ; Immunohistochemistry ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Isoenzymes* ; Pancreas ; Rats*

Purpose: Cystoscopy is a diagnostic test performed frequently in urology outpatient clinics. Despite the large number of inspections, the associated pain, discomfort, or anxiety can markedly affect patient compliance and adherence to subsequent surveillance protocols. This study conducted a prospective, randomized study to investigate the potential efficacy of music and pyuria on pain or anxiety during outpatient cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: In this single-institution, randomized study, the participants were assigned to a music-intervention or non-music control group. The music-intervention group underwent an identical procedure with the addition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Air on the G String” from Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. Urinalysis was performed to determine if pyuria affects pain during the procedure. Results: The patient-reported outcomes, encompassing the changes in the STAI-X-1 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X-1) scores, subjective levels of discomfort, embarrassment, satisfaction, and pain, were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the surgeons reported statistically significant differences in their evaluations of the same items as patient-reported outcomes of the two groups. The patient-reported pain showed no significant differences between the pyuria-negative group (0-2 and 3-5 WBC/HPF) and pyuria-positive group (>5 WBC/HPF). Conclusions The data from this study do not support the hypothesis that musical intervention during cystoscopy alleviates pain or anxiety to any significant extent.In addition, pyuria did not affect the patient’s reported pain. Nevertheless, a notable impact was observed in the surgeons’ assessments, suggesting that the musical accompaniment may alter the surgeons’ perception of patient pain and anxiety levels throughout the procedure.

Purpose: Cystoscopy is a diagnostic test performed frequently in urology outpatient clinics. Despite the large number of inspections, the associated pain, discomfort, or anxiety can markedly affect patient compliance and adherence to subsequent surveillance protocols. This study conducted a prospective, randomized study to investigate the potential efficacy of music and pyuria on pain or anxiety during outpatient cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: In this single-institution, randomized study, the participants were assigned to a music-intervention or non-music control group. The music-intervention group underwent an identical procedure with the addition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Air on the G String” from Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. Urinalysis was performed to determine if pyuria affects pain during the procedure. Results: The patient-reported outcomes, encompassing the changes in the STAI-X-1 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X-1) scores, subjective levels of discomfort, embarrassment, satisfaction, and pain, were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the surgeons reported statistically significant differences in their evaluations of the same items as patient-reported outcomes of the two groups. The patient-reported pain showed no significant differences between the pyuria-negative group (0-2 and 3-5 WBC/HPF) and pyuria-positive group (>5 WBC/HPF). Conclusions The data from this study do not support the hypothesis that musical intervention during cystoscopy alleviates pain or anxiety to any significant extent.In addition, pyuria did not affect the patient’s reported pain. Nevertheless, a notable impact was observed in the surgeons’ assessments, suggesting that the musical accompaniment may alter the surgeons’ perception of patient pain and anxiety levels throughout the procedure.

Purpose: Cystoscopy is a diagnostic test performed frequently in urology outpatient clinics. Despite the large number of inspections, the associated pain, discomfort, or anxiety can markedly affect patient compliance and adherence to subsequent surveillance protocols. This study conducted a prospective, randomized study to investigate the potential efficacy of music and pyuria on pain or anxiety during outpatient cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: In this single-institution, randomized study, the participants were assigned to a music-intervention or non-music control group. The music-intervention group underwent an identical procedure with the addition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Air on the G String” from Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. Urinalysis was performed to determine if pyuria affects pain during the procedure. Results: The patient-reported outcomes, encompassing the changes in the STAI-X-1 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X-1) scores, subjective levels of discomfort, embarrassment, satisfaction, and pain, were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the surgeons reported statistically significant differences in their evaluations of the same items as patient-reported outcomes of the two groups. The patient-reported pain showed no significant differences between the pyuria-negative group (0-2 and 3-5 WBC/HPF) and pyuria-positive group (>5 WBC/HPF). Conclusions The data from this study do not support the hypothesis that musical intervention during cystoscopy alleviates pain or anxiety to any significant extent.In addition, pyuria did not affect the patient’s reported pain. Nevertheless, a notable impact was observed in the surgeons’ assessments, suggesting that the musical accompaniment may alter the surgeons’ perception of patient pain and anxiety levels throughout the procedure.