Since pathologic changes of exposed root surface inhibit cell attachment and new attachment of connective tissue have been made, many efforts were apply to change the exposed root surface condition. Scaling and root planing can not remove the endotoxin completely and forms the smear layer which prohibits the new attachment of connective tissue. Therefore, many kinds of chemicals were used for controlling the pathologic change of the root surface. The purposes of this study was to compare and observe the changes of the exposed root surface treated by scaling and root planning, Tetracycline HCl and Argon Laser. After the scaling and root planning of ten extracted premolars, the differences & the root surface among groups were observed under SEM. Control group showed smear layer and irregular amorphous surface. The dentinal tubule was not exposed. The debris and scale like texture were also observed. Tetracycline HCl treated group showed relatively smooth surface and the collagen fiber was observed in the dentinal tubule. Argon Laser treated group showed the most effective results under the conditions of 0.8 to 1.0w irradiation for 0.5 to 1.0 sec with pulse wave. The results of this study showed that the root surface change was associated with the intensity and the duration of Argon Laser irradiation. Further investigation for the surface change with the Argon Laser irradiation is recommended for understanding of clinical effect.

Gingival recession is exposure of the root surface with apical shift in the position of gingiva. The incidence of gingival recession is 8% in children and 100% after the age of 50. Recession tends to be found in patients with healthy gingiva, but more frequentely found in patients with periodontal disease, and it often causes mucogingival defects. Buccal surface of premolar is the area not only for severe gingival recession and cervical abrasion, but also the area of numbers of buccal frenum and less keratinized gingiva. Therefore, the goal of this study was to observe the patients with periodontitis and examine whether there are clinical relations between gingival recession and cervical abrasion of premolar and other factors related with the condition of periodontal health. Generally healthy 218 patients who had periodontal disease such as gingivitis and periodontitis, aged between 18 and 78, were examined for depth of periodontal poket, width of attached gingiva, gingival recession, cervical abrasion, and frenum of mid-buccal surface of premolar at the Department of Periodontics in Dankook University Dental Hospital and following is the result. 1.The average gingival recession and cervical abrasion of premolar with periodontal disease was 0.76mm and 0.29mm and each has 43% and 14% of incidence. Also the width of attached gingiva of mid-buccal surface was 1.77mm. The average periodontal pocket depth is 2.0mm and 47% of frenum were related. The frenum more frequently seen was narrow single shaped frenum, and the interdistance of the frenum was mostly over 4mm. 2.With statistical significance(P<0.05), the incidence of gingival recession increased with age and was related much more with female than male, the first premolar than the second premolar, and with narrow attached gingiva and frenum. 3.With statistical significance(P<0.05), the incidence of cervical abrasion increased with age and was related with the area of the first premolar and narrow attached gingiva, but the sexual and frenum differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). 4.The severity of gingival recession increased with age and was more related with female than male, the first premolar than the second premolar. And the area of narrow attached gingiva and frenum showed more gingival recession and the distance of frenum was more highly related than shape, and they were statistically significant (P<0.05). 5. With statistical significance(P<0.05), the severity of cervical abrasion increase with age and was observed at the first premolar and narrow attached gingiva. But the sexual and frenum differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05).
Bicuspid ; Child ; Female ; Gingiva ; Gingival Recession* ; Gingivitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Pocket ; Periodontics ; Periodontitis

Human cardiomyocytes (CMs) cease to proliferate and remain terminally differentiated thereafter, when humans reach the mid-20s. Thus, any damages sustained by myocardium tissue are irreversible, and they require medical interventions to regain functionality. To date, new surgical procedures and drugs have been developed, albeit with limited success, to treat various heart diseases including myocardial infarction. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop more effective treatment methods to address the increasing mortality rate of the heart diseases. Functional CMs are not only an important in vitro cellular tool to model various types of heart diseases for drug development, but they are also a promising therapeutic agent for cell therapy. However, the limited proliferative capacity entails difficulties in acquiring functional CMs in the scale that is required for pathological studies and cell therapy development. Stem cells, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in particular, have been considered as an unlimited cellular source for providing functional CMs for various applications. Notable progress has already been made: the first clinical trials of hPSCs derived CMs (hPSC-CMs) for treating myocardial infarction was approved in 2015, and their potential use in disease modeling and drug discovery is being fully explored. This concise review gives an account of current development of differentiation, purification and maturation techniques for hPSC-CMs, and their application in cell therapy development and pharmaceutical industries will be discussed with the latest experimental evidence.
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Drug Discovery ; Drug Industry ; Heart Diseases ; Humans* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac* ; Pluripotent Stem Cells* ; Stem Cells

Gingivitis and periodontitis are infectious diseases in that microorganisms are the primary extrinsic cause of the diseases. the occurrence of gingivitis has been associated clearly with the presence of microorganisms at the disease site, and the histologic nature of the tissue involved is indicative of an inflammatory response induced by microorganisms. additional evidence for the microbial etiology of periodontal disease is that numerous antimicrobial agents are effective in reducing plaque accumulation and periodontal diseases. the purpose of this article is to analyze the antimicrobial effects of Pulsatilla koreana. Well-dried Pulsatilla koreana purchased from herbs distributor was ground and extracted into methanol(MeOH), ethylacetate(EtoAc), chlorform(CHCl3) and Butyl alcohol(BuOH). we have then applied each solution to the bacteria samples(Bacteroides forsythus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Porphylomonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Prevotella intermedia, Actinomyces viscosus, Prevotella nigrescens, Rothia dentocariosa, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) collected from several organizations. To conduct susceptibility test(Kirby-Bauer method), plate contained each periodontopathic bacteria is spread extracted into methanol(MeOH), ethylacetate(EtoAc), chlorform(CHCl3) and Butyl alcohol(BuOH) and to measure the minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) of the bacteria against the solutions to ultimately determine antimicrobial effects of the solutions, insert bacteria sample into 20microliter/ml, 10microliter/ml, 5microliter/ml, 2.5microliter/ml of each solution and control group(not contained solution) 1. Solution extracted into methanol did not show clear zone against all bacteria samples. Only P. nigrescens, S. mutans and S. sanguis in soluton extracted into ethylacetate, S. mutans and S. anguis in solutions extracted into chlorform and Butyl alcohol showed clear zone against all bacteria samples. Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol showed clear zone against 13 types of bacteria, excluding P. gingivalis. 2. In Solution extracted into methanol, the bacteria samples grew in the highest concentrated plate, showing minimal variation from control group. 3. In Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol, S. aureus, P. intermedia, E. corrodens, A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis et al. showed decreased growth in the highest concentrated plate. P. auruginosa, R. dentocariosa, A. viscosus, P. nigrescens, S. mutans et al. showed decreased growth at MIC 20microliter/ml and S. sanguis showed decreased growth at MIC 10microliter/ml. 4. By analyzing the MIC level through considering the results from Kirby-Bauer method, Solution extracted into methanol did not reveal any antimicrobial effects and Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol showed the highest antimicrobial effects In conclusion, it can be used the extracts of Pulsatilla koreana as wide spectrum antimicrobial agent.
1-Butanol ; Actinomyces viscosus ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacteria ; Communicable Diseases ; Eikenella corrodens ; Fusobacterium nucleatum ; Gingivitis ; Methanol ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontitis ; Prevotella intermedia ; Prevotella nigrescens ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Pulsatilla* ; Staphylococcus ; Streptococcus mutans ; Streptococcus sanguis

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is diagnosed based on laboratory values and ultrasonography (US) findings. Evaluation for suspected EP should begin with a quantitative measurement of the serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels and transvaginal US. MR imaging is not preferentially performed in the evaluation of EP; however, if the findings of transvaginal US are uncertain, MR imaging can be used, as it has the advantages of superior soft-tissue contrast resolution and a wide scanning range. Identifying the exact location of implantation transfer using MR imaging can help in the diagnosis and establishment of treatment strategies for ectopic pregnancies, including laparoscopy. In particular, as the incidence of heterotopic pregnancy has increased with the recent increase in use of assisted reproductive technology, the scope of application of MR imaging is expected to expand further. This pictorial essay describes the various manifestations of EP and related conditions on MR imaging and US. Familiarity with the clinical setting and the US and MR imaging features of EP and associated conditions can lead to a more accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is diagnosed based on laboratory values and ultrasonography (US) findings. Evaluation for suspected EP should begin with a quantitative measurement of the serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels and transvaginal US. MR imaging is not preferentially performed in the evaluation of EP; however, if the findings of transvaginal US are uncertain, MR imaging can be used, as it has the advantages of superior soft-tissue contrast resolution and a wide scanning range. Identifying the exact location of implantation transfer using MR imaging can help in the diagnosis and establishment of treatment strategies for ectopic pregnancies, including laparoscopy. In particular, as the incidence of heterotopic pregnancy has increased with the recent increase in use of assisted reproductive technology, the scope of application of MR imaging is expected to expand further. This pictorial essay describes the various manifestations of EP and related conditions on MR imaging and US. Familiarity with the clinical setting and the US and MR imaging features of EP and associated conditions can lead to a more accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is diagnosed based on laboratory values and ultrasonography (US) findings. Evaluation for suspected EP should begin with a quantitative measurement of the serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels and transvaginal US. MR imaging is not preferentially performed in the evaluation of EP; however, if the findings of transvaginal US are uncertain, MR imaging can be used, as it has the advantages of superior soft-tissue contrast resolution and a wide scanning range. Identifying the exact location of implantation transfer using MR imaging can help in the diagnosis and establishment of treatment strategies for ectopic pregnancies, including laparoscopy. In particular, as the incidence of heterotopic pregnancy has increased with the recent increase in use of assisted reproductive technology, the scope of application of MR imaging is expected to expand further. This pictorial essay describes the various manifestations of EP and related conditions on MR imaging and US. Familiarity with the clinical setting and the US and MR imaging features of EP and associated conditions can lead to a more accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Since sclerosing hemangioma of the lung was first described by Liebow and Hubbell in 1956, there have been several reports on cases occurring as a solitary nodule; however, sclerosing hemangiomas occurring as multiple nodules are extremely rare. The histogenesis of this tumor remains controversial and there are several hypotheses of the etiology. Three separate nodules were found in a 57-year-old housewife, one found in the right middle lobe, one in the apicoposterior segment of the left upper lobe, and one in the superior segment of the left lower lobe. The only symptom or sign presented was a dry cough. Apicoposterior segmentectomy of the left upper lobe and wedge resection of the superior segment of the left lower lobe were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the postoperative 15th day.
Cough ; Hemangioma ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma

This study was performed to define the cytotoxicity and the anti-inflammatory action of Pulsatilla koreana extracts. To analyze cytotoxic effects, gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were used, and anti-inflammatory actions related to reduction of IL-1beta and PGE2 production were performed in vitro, for the suggestion of efficacy and safety on periodontal therapeutic use of Pulsatilla koreana extracts. We extracted ethylacetate and butylalcohol from well-dried and ground Pulsatilla koreana throughout multiple processing, then used different concentration solution(0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.04 %, 1 %, 2 %) of ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts to examine cytotoxic effects and anti-inflammatory actions Cytotoxic effects were examined by ELISA reader using MTT(Methyl Thiazol-2-YL-2, 5-diphenyl Tetrazolium bromide)solution following culture of human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Synthesis of IL-1beta was examined by IL-1beta enzyme-immunoassay(EIA)system after separation and culture of monocyte, and PGE2 was examined by PGE2 EIA system after culture of gingival fibroblasts. The results were as follows: 1. In the MTT test of gingival fibroblasts, the change of optical density was decreased significantly at 2 % of butylalcohol extracts and 0.04 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 1 %, 2 % of ethylacetate extracts.(p<0.05) 2. In the MTT test of periodontal ligament cells, the change of optical density were not differ significantly. but butylalcohol and ethylacetate extracts except from butylalcohol 0.01 % showed high cell cytotoxity. 3. Both ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana inhibited the synthesis of IL-1beta, and inhibition effect of ethylacetate extracts were higher than butylalcohol extracts. 4. Both ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana inhibited the synthesis of PGE2, and ethylacetate extracts were higher than butylalcohol extracts. In conclusion, ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana showed little cell cytotoxity for gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and the inhibition of IL-1beta and PGE2 synthesis, therefore it is considered that these extracts can be developed as the therapeutics of the periodontal disease.
Dinoprostone ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Monocytes ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Ligament ; Pulsatilla*

The current interest in periodontal tissue regeneration has lead to research in bone graft, root surface treatments, guided-tissue regeneration, administration of growth factors, and the use of enamel matrix protein as possible means of regenerating lost periodontal tissue. Several studies have shown that a strong correlation between platelet-rich plasma and the stimulation of remodeling and remineralization of grafted bone exits, resulting in a possible increase of 15-30% in the density of bone trabeculae. The purpose of this study was to study the histopathological results and differences between the use of platelet-rich plasma and the use of enamel matrix protein(Emdogain?) about bone regeneration at the implant. Implant fixtures were inserted and graft materials placed into the left femur in the experimental group, while the only implant fixtures placed in the control group. In the first experimental group, platelet-rich plasma and xenograft were placed at the supracrestally placed implant site, and in the second experimental group, Emdogain(R) and xenograft placed at the supracrestally placed fixture site. The degree of bone regeneration adjacent to the implant fixture was observed and compared histopathologically at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implant fixture insertion. The results of the experiment are as follows: 1. The rate of osseointegration to the fixture threads was found to be greater in the experimental group compared to in the control group. 2. The histopathological findings showed that the bone regeneration, the partial osseointegration existed at 4 weeks, and that osseointegration and bone density increaced in the experimental groups at 8 weeks. 3. The results showed that new bone formation and bone remodeling increased in the area near to the fixture in the first and second experimental groups at 8 weeks than at 4 weeks. The results showed that in the area distant from the fixture, new bone formation did not increase and bone remodeling decreased in the first experimental group at 4, 8 weeks, and that new bone formation increased in the second experimental group. 4. The histopathological findings showed that AZ deposition in the first experimental group was remarkable at 2, 8 weeks, and in the second experimental group at 2, 4, 8 weeks in the area distant from the fixture threads.
Bone Density ; Bone Regeneration* ; Bone Remodeling ; Dental Enamel* ; Dental Implants* ; Femur ; Heterografts ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Osseointegration ; Osteogenesis ; Platelet-Rich Plasma* ; Regeneration ; Staphylococcal Protein A ; Transplants