Background: Aerosols generated during dental procedures can contaminate dental devices and trigger microbial and pathogenicpropagation in dental clinics. Pre-procedural use of chlorhexidine gluconate, essential oils, or povidone-iodine can reduce the number of oral microorganisms in aerosols and the splatter produced during dental procedures. This study provides an update on aerosol-mediated respiratory infections and evaluates the efficacy of pre-procedural mouth rinsing at different landing distances. Methods: We searched relevant articles in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register ofControlled Trials databases in December 2020. The eligible studies provided clear and sufficient information on aerosol and splatter reduction during dental procedures. We performed a systematic review of the effectiveness of pre-procedural mouth rinses in reducing the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) in dental aerosols. Results: In this review, 9 of the 23 selected studies showed positive effects of pre-procedural mouth rinse intervention. Theanalysis of the landing distances of aerosols originating from the patient’s mouth revealed microorganisms in the aerosols at a minimum distance of one foot to a maximum distance of three feet or more. The experimental group that used pre-procedural antimicrobial mouth rinses showed a statistically significant mean CFU reduction of 33.33∼94.33% in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion We recommend the use of mouthwash solutions to reduce the production of contaminated aerosols during dentalprocedures.

Background: Aerosols generated during dental procedures can contaminate dental devices and trigger microbial and pathogenicpropagation in dental clinics. Pre-procedural use of chlorhexidine gluconate, essential oils, or povidone-iodine can reduce the number of oral microorganisms in aerosols and the splatter produced during dental procedures. This study provides an update on aerosol-mediated respiratory infections and evaluates the efficacy of pre-procedural mouth rinsing at different landing distances. Methods: We searched relevant articles in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register ofControlled Trials databases in December 2020. The eligible studies provided clear and sufficient information on aerosol and splatter reduction during dental procedures. We performed a systematic review of the effectiveness of pre-procedural mouth rinses in reducing the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) in dental aerosols. Results: In this review, 9 of the 23 selected studies showed positive effects of pre-procedural mouth rinse intervention. Theanalysis of the landing distances of aerosols originating from the patient’s mouth revealed microorganisms in the aerosols at a minimum distance of one foot to a maximum distance of three feet or more. The experimental group that used pre-procedural antimicrobial mouth rinses showed a statistically significant mean CFU reduction of 33.33∼94.33% in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion We recommend the use of mouthwash solutions to reduce the production of contaminated aerosols during dentalprocedures.

Background: Aerosols generated during dental procedures can contaminate dental devices and trigger microbial and pathogenicpropagation in dental clinics. Pre-procedural use of chlorhexidine gluconate, essential oils, or povidone-iodine can reduce the number of oral microorganisms in aerosols and the splatter produced during dental procedures. This study provides an update on aerosol-mediated respiratory infections and evaluates the efficacy of pre-procedural mouth rinsing at different landing distances. Methods: We searched relevant articles in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register ofControlled Trials databases in December 2020. The eligible studies provided clear and sufficient information on aerosol and splatter reduction during dental procedures. We performed a systematic review of the effectiveness of pre-procedural mouth rinses in reducing the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) in dental aerosols. Results: In this review, 9 of the 23 selected studies showed positive effects of pre-procedural mouth rinse intervention. Theanalysis of the landing distances of aerosols originating from the patient’s mouth revealed microorganisms in the aerosols at a minimum distance of one foot to a maximum distance of three feet or more. The experimental group that used pre-procedural antimicrobial mouth rinses showed a statistically significant mean CFU reduction of 33.33∼94.33% in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion We recommend the use of mouthwash solutions to reduce the production of contaminated aerosols during dentalprocedures.

Background: This study used data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey of Korean adolescents to determine the current trends insecondhand smoke (SHS) among adolescents and to identify the association between the level of exposure to SHS and oral symptoms. Methods: This study employed data that were extracted from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2021 andfinally analyzed data from 54,848 adolescents. Oral symptoms were classified into three classes to analyze subjective oral symptoms: Class I for tooth pain when eating or drinking hot or cold foods; Class II for throbbing tooth pain; and Class III for sore or bleeding gums during the recent 12 months. The frequency and place of SHS per week were analyzed for SHS variables. The analysis plan file was created by reflecting weight, stratification variables, and cluster variables for analysis. Results: Among the adolescents, 53.2% were exposed to SHS at least once a week, of which 23.3%, 7.9%, and 40.0% wereexposed at home, school, and in public indoor places. Subjective oral symptom classes I, II, and III were associated with sex, grade, educational level of their fathers and mothers, subjective economic class, and subject academic class. Compared to a group not exposed to SHS, the risk of subjective oral symptom classes I, II, and III was significantly higher in those who were exposed to SHS at least once a week. Conclusion This study identified the association between the level of exposure to SHS and oral symptoms among adolescents.Factors for SHS should be considered to prevent oral symptoms among adolescents, and plans that can control SHS of adolescents should be established.

Background: This study used data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey of Korean adolescents to determine the current trends insecondhand smoke (SHS) among adolescents and to identify the association between the level of exposure to SHS and oral symptoms. Methods: This study employed data that were extracted from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2021 andfinally analyzed data from 54,848 adolescents. Oral symptoms were classified into three classes to analyze subjective oral symptoms: Class I for tooth pain when eating or drinking hot or cold foods; Class II for throbbing tooth pain; and Class III for sore or bleeding gums during the recent 12 months. The frequency and place of SHS per week were analyzed for SHS variables. The analysis plan file was created by reflecting weight, stratification variables, and cluster variables for analysis. Results: Among the adolescents, 53.2% were exposed to SHS at least once a week, of which 23.3%, 7.9%, and 40.0% wereexposed at home, school, and in public indoor places. Subjective oral symptom classes I, II, and III were associated with sex, grade, educational level of their fathers and mothers, subjective economic class, and subject academic class. Compared to a group not exposed to SHS, the risk of subjective oral symptom classes I, II, and III was significantly higher in those who were exposed to SHS at least once a week. Conclusion This study identified the association between the level of exposure to SHS and oral symptoms among adolescents.Factors for SHS should be considered to prevent oral symptoms among adolescents, and plans that can control SHS of adolescents should be established.

Background: This study used data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey of Korean adolescents to determine the current trends insecondhand smoke (SHS) among adolescents and to identify the association between the level of exposure to SHS and oral symptoms. Methods: This study employed data that were extracted from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2021 andfinally analyzed data from 54,848 adolescents. Oral symptoms were classified into three classes to analyze subjective oral symptoms: Class I for tooth pain when eating or drinking hot or cold foods; Class II for throbbing tooth pain; and Class III for sore or bleeding gums during the recent 12 months. The frequency and place of SHS per week were analyzed for SHS variables. The analysis plan file was created by reflecting weight, stratification variables, and cluster variables for analysis. Results: Among the adolescents, 53.2% were exposed to SHS at least once a week, of which 23.3%, 7.9%, and 40.0% wereexposed at home, school, and in public indoor places. Subjective oral symptom classes I, II, and III were associated with sex, grade, educational level of their fathers and mothers, subjective economic class, and subject academic class. Compared to a group not exposed to SHS, the risk of subjective oral symptom classes I, II, and III was significantly higher in those who were exposed to SHS at least once a week. Conclusion This study identified the association between the level of exposure to SHS and oral symptoms among adolescents.Factors for SHS should be considered to prevent oral symptoms among adolescents, and plans that can control SHS of adolescents should be established.

Background: Despite the demand for greater competence of dental hygienists in recent times, and the consequent standardization of systems in the organizations, there is a lack of a proper system for hierarchal positions of dental hygienists.The aim of this study was to identify the tasks performed by Korean dental hygienists in various work settings and hierarchal positions to suggest a standardized system for task-related hierarchal positions. Methods: A survey was conducted by sending questionnaires to 966 dental hygienists, and responses from 757 participants were included in the final analysis. The survey comprised questions regarding participants’ general characteristics, tasks, current positions, and the internal policies or standards of the respective organizations to define these positions. The participants’ positions were analyzed as frequency and cross-sectional analysis with respect to their general characteristics, their place in the organizational charts, the size of their workplaces, and differences in the tasks performed. Results: Data showed that 82.6% of the hospitals and clinics in Korea have organizational systems to determine the positions, and there was a significant difference in the systems according to the size of the health facility (p＜0.05). The standards or policies used to define positions within general or university hospitals were determined by internal regulations or bylaws, whereas work experience was the major determinant of positions in smaller dental hospitals or clinics. The main tasks performed by dental hygienists in Korea were dental assistance (81.2%), routine dental hygiene tasks (53.4%), and administrative tasks, such as reception and billing (46.1%). Conclusion Most dental hygienists in Korea are actively involved in dental assistance. Therefore, their specific tasks and responsibilities should be standardized more effectively. The data obtained from this study can be used to establish a standardized position system.

0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was 0.922 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89–0.95]. In external validation, the discrimination was good, with an AUC value of 0.833 (95% CI 0.70–0.92) for this model. Nomogram calibration plots indicated good agreement between the predicted and observed outcomes, exhibiting close approximation between the predicted and observed probability.CONCLUSION: We constructed a scoring model for predicting massive transfusion during cesarean section in women with placenta previa. This model may help in determining the need to prepare an appropriate amount of blood products and the optimal timing of blood transfusion.]]>
Area Under Curve ; Blood Transfusion ; Calibration ; Cesarean Section ; Cohort Studies ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Maternal Age ; Nomograms ; Placenta Previa ; Placenta ; Placentation ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; Pregnancy ; ROC Curve ; Ultrasonography