The purpose of this study was to suggest the directions of improvement in medical education through analyzing the published reports about medical education system. In order to reach the purpose of this study, we gathered research reports since the PCER(Presidential Commission on Education Reform) had suggested the establishment of professional graduate school in 1996. The result of this study was as follows; First, all of the previous reseach reports pointed to necessary that medical education should be improved undergraduate medical education into professional graduate school. Second, enterance eligibility and flexibility of educational system were investigated for a long time by highly competent researchers, but they were exceedingly difficult to find any clue to their answer. Third, all of the previous reseach reports suggested to improvement of medical education curriculum. Fourth, autonamy and funds of medical school were emphasized to improve the medical education. On the basis of the above findings, the following conclusions were drawn. First, to improve medical education, especially to launch professional graduate medical school, is important the corporation and effort among the medical school and other organizations. Second, autonomy and funds of medical school should be guaranteed by a policy. Finally, the medical shcools should be aware of accountability and prepare for environment change of medical education.
Curriculum ; Education ; Education, Medical ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Financial Management ; Humans ; Pliability ; Research Report ; Schools, Medical* ; Social Responsibility

The purpose of this study was to analyze important issues in the self-evaluation system and to develop approaches for dealing with them. It would be necessary, first to discuss quality of medical education on review of literatures. After this, it were examined that the problems of self-evaluaton based on data from 23 evaluators. We would, then, be dealing with the approaches and utilization of self-evaluation in medical school. The result of this study was as follows; First, self-evaluation system is important method to improve the quality of medical education. Second, although many people recognized self-evaluation important, evaluators pointed out the problems of self-evaluation as high cost, low effect, weight works and so on. And from this what we can conclude is that in order to perform self-evaluation effectively, the medical schools should recognize the neccesary of self-evaluation. Secondly, self-evaluation system should be developed to fit contexts of medical school. Finally, it is important to develop a monitoring system after self-evaluation process.
Diagnostic Self Evaluation* ; Education, Medical ; Schools, Medical*

PURPOSE: Medical students are exposed to various interpersonal relationships with patients, faculty and colleagues. Therefore, a clear understanding of their personality types and interpersonal problems is vital in creating an appropriate educational program for medical students. This study intends to explore the characteristics of interpersonal problems based on medical students' personality types. METHODS: The Myers-Briggs type inventory(MBTI) and Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems were used to assess the first-year medical students at Yonsei University College of Medicine, 2006. RESULTS: The personality types focusing on the interpersonal domain showed that the medical students could be categorized into four types: analytical type(47.2%), driving type(30.3%), amiable type(12.4%), and expressive type(10.1%). The characteristics of interpersonal problems data were within normal range. The relationship between the personality indicator and the characteristics of interpersonal problems is statistically significant in extraversion-introversion. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the personality factors of medical students are correlated to the interpersonal problems they face. Thus, educational programs that take into account personality types and characteristics of interpersonal problems are crucial in providing high-quality medical education.
Education, Medical ; Humans ; Reference Values ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the classification of validity and predictive validity of accreditation standards for medical schools. METHODS: In order to analyze the validity of the standards of accreditation, an instrument, survey on the input and the output indicators in medical education, was developed to gather information. Cluster analysis, and regression analysis were performed in analyzing the data in order to examine the classification validity, and predictive validity of the standards of medical school accreditation. RESULTS: The result of this research was as follows; First, Korean medical schools can be classified into seven types according to the amount of invested resources and the educational outcome. The result showed that the standards of medical school accreditation have validity in the schools of lead type, average type, and unconcerned type. Therefore, applying uniform standards to all different types of schools is not validity in enhancing the quality of medical education and in insuring that the medical schools to carry out their social accountability. Second, variables predicting the passing rate of the Korean medical licensing examination (KMLE) were found out to be the college's quota of student, the number of journals per student, and the Korean Scholastic Achievement Test(KSAT). Variables predicting the level of students' satisfaction were the total lecture time, the educational facility per student, and the KSAT. The standards of accreditation accounts for 54.2% in predicting the passing rate of the KMLE and 84.4% in predicting the level of students' satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Such findings lead to conclude that new standards of medical school accreditation comprehensively including more predicting variables and outcome variables needs to be developed.
Accreditation* ; Classification* ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Korea* ; Licensure ; Schools, Medical* ; Social Responsibility

Frey's syndrome is a fairly common sequelae of surgery, trauma and inflammation of the parotid gland. Some patients with Frey's syndrome may be socially compromised by their gustatory sweating and flushing. In the past three decades, a variety of surgical and pharmacological methods have been unsuccessful in alleviating these symptoms. And since misdirection of auriculotemporal secretomotor nerve fibers has been found to play an important role in the development of the syndrome, a study was initiated to attempt mechnical interference with regenerating nerve fibers. Therefore, the recent trend in management of Frey's syndrome has been the use of prophylactic procedures performed at the time of parotidectomy to prevent its symptoms postoperatively. An additional benefit of this approach is prevention of the typical cheek contour deformity after parotidectomy We reviewed our experience with interposition of a vascularized temporoparietal fascial flap between the parotid bed and overlying skin immediately after complete superficial parotidectomies to prevent Frey's syndrome and hollow contour defects. The result of seven consecutive attempts revealed it to be an effective technique, achieving both goals in all patients with minimal morbidity.
Cheek ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Flushing ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Nerve Fibers ; Parotid Gland ; Skin ; Sweating, Gustatory

The present study investigates the performance and tasks of the accreditation performed by Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation. The study analyzes survey data for 309 professors and 41 accreditation reports published during the first accreditation cycle (2000~2004). The finding shows that 32 medical colleges were accredited and 9 medical colleges were accredited on probation. Up to 98.5% of must standards' and 85.3% of 'should standards' were satisfied in this accreditation. The areas of accreditation standards, such as students, and facilities were satisfied relatively lower than the curriculum and administration/finances areas. However, 70.2% of the faculties replied that the accreditation achieved its purpose, and 80.7% of them pointed out the necessity of accreditation system. All these things make it clear that the accreditation system has made a significant contribution to the quality of medical education and the accountability of medical colleges. In addition, there are some issues which need more consideration, such as the government recognition of accreditation system, evaluation experts training, and practical application of accreditation results.
Accreditation ; Curriculum ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Social Responsibility

This study is related to analysis the validity and reliability of double major data for admission in college of medicine yonsei university. The 69 applicants and 37 of those who had been admitted were sampled and then the GPAs of previous major, the interview scores and the GPAs of medical college were used as sources of analysis. This study is estiamted descriptive statistics, concurrent-related evidence of validity between GPAs previous college and interview scores, predictive-related evidence of validity of GPAs of previous college and interview scores, inter-scorer reliability of interview scores. The results of this study are like this: First, all of 69 students applied and 37(53.6%) applicants were admitted. Eleven students who were admitted graduated bio-chemical department of the college of science. The percentile rank of learning achievement of successful candidates show 64.5~98.2(1995), 43.6~86.6(1996), 22.8~96.9(1997). Second, the result of the estimation of the concurrence-related evidence of validity appear 0.729(1994), 0.673(1995), 0.562(1996), 0.876(1997). Therefore the candidates who got high GPAs also took high interview scores. Third, the predictive-related evidence of validity show insignificant. Forth, generalizability of inter-scorer reliability about intervew scores appear 0.972(1994), 0.983(1995). To improve the validity and relibility double major data, interview skills and educational programs has to be reoriented.
Humans ; Learning ; Reproducibility of Results*

The purpose of this study was to examine the content validity and factor validity of accreditation standards for medical schools. In order to analyze the validity of the standards of accreditation, a questionnaire, assessment survey on the current situation of medical education and standards of accreditation, were developed to gather information. And 1,492 students and faculty were sampled out of 41 medical schools, and the data collected from 662 students and faculty were used for the final analysis. The result of this research was as follows; First, the standard of medical school accreditation has content validity. All of the standards are significant in the range of 3.59~4.49, and the level of recognition of the importance of each standard differed depending on the position of the faculty, student, and their previous experience in the evaluation of education. Therefore, a new standards of accreditation that reflects these differences among groups should be developed. Second, the standard of medical school accreditation is composed of six hidden factors. Each factor has different level of importance and there is a correlation among each factors. Therefore, each factor's level of importance and the relationship between the factors should be considered when developing a new standards of accreditation.
Accreditation* ; Education ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Korea* ; Schools, Medical* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Balloon valvuloplasty(BVP) is the treatment of choice for valvular pulmonary stenosis (PS). However, this procedure was usually performed in children older than 2 years. The purpose of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of BVP in young infants. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of 25 infants younger than 6 months of age who received BVP for PS including critical PS between July 1991 and September 1997 were evaluated. RESULTS: The arterial oxygen saturation before and after procedure was 76.7% and 90.0%, respectively(P<0.001). Transvalvar pressure gradients measured with continuous wave Doppler echocardiography changed from 103.2+/-27.1mmHg to 34.8+/-14.4mmHg(P<0.001) and 29.3+/-15.9 mmHg after 6 months(P=0.075). The systolic pressure ratio of right and left ventricle before and after procedure was decreased from 1.40+/-0.4 to 0.74+/-0.3(P<0.001). Successful gradient relief was achieved with initial BVP in 21 out of 25 infants. There was one procedural death and one emergency surgery after BVP. Four of the 23 remaining patients required repeated BVP. CONCLUSION: Balloon valvuloplasty in young infants is a safe and effective procedure. In patients with symptomatic severe PS, balloon valvuloplasty should be recommended at an early age.
Balloon Valvuloplasty* ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Emergencies ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Infant ; Medical Records ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: How does professionalism develop while becoming a great doctor? This study based on the life of Avison, a great doctor, aims to identify the developmental features of an excellence and professionally ethical doctor. METHODS: We chose Oliver R. Avison, who founded the first modern hospital and medical school in Korea, now known as Severance Hospital and Yonsei University College of Medicine. Sixteen pivotal events in Avison's life were extracted, based on 2 standards: self-memory and strong feeling. Further we analyzed Avison' life using a professional development analysis model. RESULTS: Oliver Avison's medical professionalism development was divided into 4 periods: 'Motivating in Medicine period', 'Medical Training period', 'Medical Doctor period', and 'Medical Educating period'. A hallmark of Oliver Avison's medical professionalism development was the growth of motivation and social responsibility, medical knowledge, medical creativity, intra-personal intelligence, and relationship forming abilities. CONCLUSION: To excel in medicine, a medical student should be encouraged to understand his unique intellectual potentials and interest as a medical worker, and try to understand problems in the established domain and field of medicine, to develop new medical symbol systems, and climates.
Climate ; Creativity ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Korea ; Motivation ; Professional Practice ; Schools, Medical ; Social Responsibility ; Students, Medical