OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate Korean Wechsler Intelligence profiles and specific abilities related to attention problem of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: The Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition (K-WISC-IV) and Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) were administered to 91 children and adolescents (age 8.5+/-2.6 years, 73 boys) with ADHD. Pearson correlation and independent t-tests were used. RESULTS: The means of Working Memory Index (WMI) and Processing Speed Index (PSI) showed a score of low average in K-WISC-IV. WMI scores for the K-WISC-IV showed clinically significant correlations with omission errors, commission errors, and response time variability on auditory ATA. PSI scores also showed significant correlations with response time and variability on visual ATA. In addition, significantly lower digit span backward scores were observed in hyperactive-impulsive/combined subtypes compared to inattentive subtype (t=3.60, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Children with ADHD showed significantly lower scores in WMI and PSI which were clinically correlated with ATA scores, and hyperactive-impulsive/combined subtypes showed poorer working memory functions in WMI. Follow-up studies are proposed.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intelligence* ; Memory, Short-Term ; Reaction Time ; Retrospective Studies*

Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of childhood, arising from adrenal medullary and chromaffin tissue. Because chronic hypoxia may induce pheochromocytoma, there have been several reports of pheochromocytoma development in cyanotic patients after corrective or palliative cardiac surgery. The variable clinical presentation of pheochromocytoma is obscured by both underlying heart disease and medications. If sudden hypertension, aggravation of a heart condition, or unusual symptoms such as diabetes mellitus develops in a cyanotic patient with congenital heart disease, pheochromocytoma must be ruled out. We report two patients presenting with cyanotic single-ventricle heart disease with pheochromocytoma.
Anoxia ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pheochromocytoma ; Thoracic Surgery

PURPOSE: The aims of this study are to evaluate psychological impact and quality of life according to the cancer diagnosis and mutation status in Korean families with BRCA mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen affected carriers (AC), 16 unaffected carriers (UC) and 13 healthy non carriers (NC) from 13 BRCA mutation families were included in the study. Outcomes were compared with regard to depression (Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), optimism (Reevaluation of the Life Orientation test, LOT-R), knowledge of hereditary ovarian cancer, and quality of life (QoL) (SF-36v2 Health Survey, physical component score [PCS], mental component score [MCS]) among three groups. RESULT: Level of depression, optimism, and PCS were similar in AC, UC, and NC. Anxiety score was elevated in all three groups. MCS was significantly low in AC than in UC and NC (P =0.009, P =0.017). Knowledge of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer was high in AC than NC (P =0.001). MCS was significantly related to whether patient was affected by cancer (P =0.043) and has occupation (P = 0.008) or not in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: From this cross sectional study, psychological adverse effect was not related to the carrier status of BRCA mutation. Elevated anxiety in BRCA family members was observed but, independent to affection and the type of genetic mutation. AC showed low mental QoL. Further effort to understand psychological impact and QoL of genetic testing in BRCA family members is required for follow-up in clinical aspects.
Anxiety ; Breast ; Depression ; Genetic Counseling ; Genetic Testing ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Occupations ; Orientation ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: Preclinical studies have shown that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status is associated with resistance to radiotherapy (RT). In this study, we evaluated the overall survival of a T1N0M0 breast cancer cohort in Korea according to the use of RT and the HER2 status. METHODS: We analyzed data collected from 11,552 patients with invasive breast cancer who were enrolled in the Korean Breast Cancer Society Registration Program between 1999 and 2007. Data on the TNM stage, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, HER2 status, operation method, and the use of RT were analyzed. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 51 months. A significant improvement in overall survival after RT was observed only in the HER2(-) group. In this group, the 10-year overall survival rate was 95.5% for patients who did not receive RT and 96.3% for patients who received RT (p=0.037). In contrast, in the HER2(+) group, RT was not associated with a survival benefit (p=0.887). Multivariate analysis showed that RT was significantly associated with a reduction in mortality in the HER2(-) group (hazard ratio, 0.738; 95% confidence interval, 0.549-0.993; p=0.045). CONCLUSION: We found that postoperative RT was not associated with a survival benefit in HER2(+) breast cancer patients, suggesting that HER2(+) breast cancers could be RT resistant.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cohort Studies ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Estrogens ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Multivariate Analysis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptor, erbB-2 ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Survival Rate

Clear cell tumor of borderline malignancy has been reported to account for 5 to 8% of all clear cell neoplasms, and <1% of borderline malignancies of the ovary. Borderline clear cell fibroadenoma with or without microinvasion mostly occurs in women with middle age, and the presenting symptoms associated with this tumor are non-specific. The clinico-pathologic features of borderline clear cell fibroadenoma are not well known because of its rarity. Furthermore, there is no consensus for treating the disease. Thus, we report a case of borderline clear cell fibroadenoma presenting as ovarian fibroadenoma with a review of literature.
Consensus ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Naphazoline ; Ovary

No abstract available.
Cranial Nerve Diseases* ; Lymphoma*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the survival benefit of different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in patients with T1-2N0 triple-negative breast cancer. METHODS: Of 67,321 patients who were registered in the Korean Breast Cancer Society nationwide database between January 1999 and December 2008, 4,033 patients with T1-2N0 triple-negative breast cancer were included. The overall survival of patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy was compared with those treated with adjuvant anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (AC), 5-fluorouracil, anthracycline, and cyclophosphamide (FAC), or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). RESULTS: The median follow-up was 52.5 months. Chemotherapy was used in 87.4% of patients; it was used more commonly in patients with T2 tumors, those who were younger, had a higher histologic grade, and who showed lymphovascular invasion. The 5-year cumulative overall survival rate was 95.4%. Younger age, breast-conserving surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly associated with improved overall survival. The 5-year cumulative overall survival rate of patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy and those treated with AC, FAC, and CMF were 92.5%, 95.9%, 95.3%, and 95.9%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the administration of any adjuvant chemotherapy regimen was significantly associated with improved overall survival (p=0.038). No significant difference in survival benefit was observed among the three different treatment groups. CONCLUSION: A standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimen with the least drug-related toxicity might be a reasonable treatment for patients with T1-2N0 triple-negative breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cyclophosphamide ; Drug Therapy* ; Fluorouracil ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Methotrexate ; Multivariate Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the association between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of different molecular subtypes of primary breast cancer with axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis. METHODS: The medical records of 633 patients, who underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) for preoperative staging, were retrospectively reviewed. The cohort was stratified by the following molecular subtypes with immunohistochemical examination: luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+), and triple negative. We evaluated the optimal cutoff SUVmax to predict ALN metastasis in each subtype using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Moreover, the risk factors for ALN metastasis were evaluated. RESULTS: Overall, the SUVmax was positively correlated with the number of metastatic ALN (p=0.001). The mean SUVmax was higher in aggressive subtypes (4.5±0.2, 6.1±0.4, 6.5±0.5, and 7.5±0.5 in luminal A, luminal B, HER2+, and triple negative, respectively, p<0.001). Upon ROC analysis, the SUVmax of the HER2+ subtype predicted ALN metastasis most accurately, with a cutoff value of 5.5, area under the curve (AUC) of 0.708, sensitivity of 74.2%, and specificity of 64.6% (p=0.002). The triple negative subtype did not show a significant difference in SUVmax between patients with and without metastasis (p=0.13). Subtype-adjusted SUVmax, HER2 positivity, lymphovascular invasion, and T stage were significant predictors for ALN metastasis. CONCLUSION The SUVmax of primary breast cancer may be an independent predictor of ALN metastasis, being the most accurate in the HER2+ subtype. As PET/CT could facilitate tailored axillary management, this approach could be considered for the initial staging and treatment planning in patients with breast cancer.

In the above article, the financial grant has been erroneously omitted.

PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is a treatment modality that increases the breast-conserving rate in breast cancer. This prospective study was performed to evaluate the actual breast-conserving rate using NCT in a clinical setting in a single institution. METHODS: Between 2014 and 2015, 265 patients who were scheduled to receive NCT and surgery were enrolled in this study. Patients were classified into three groups based on the immunohistochemical results of estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2): ER or PR positive (luminal), ER/PR negative and HER2 positive (HER2+), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Before starting and immediately after completing NCT, a surgeon decided if breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or total mastectomy (TM) should be performed. We analyzed the rate of type of surgery performed. RESULTS: Before administering NCT, 107 patients (40.4%) and 158 patients (59.6%) were candidates for BCS and TM, respectively. Of the 158 patients, 61 were eligible for BCS after chemotherapy, with a conversion rate of 38.6%. NCT increased the BCS eligible rate from 40.4% to 62.6%. Of the 61 patients, 53 chose to undergo BCS, and BCS was successful in 46 (86.8%). Of the 107 BCS candidates at baseline, 100 patents finally underwent BCS (93.5%). According to the subtype, the conversion rates were 35.4%, 50.0%, and 40.5% for luminal, HER2+, and TNBC groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: NCT increased the eligibility for BCS from 40.4% to 62.6% in a clinical setting. This benefit is similar to that observed in other clinical trials.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy* ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mastectomy, Simple* ; Phenobarbital ; Prospective Studies ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms