Neurobehavioral problems, such as cognitive deficits, agitation, depression, mania, anxiety, apathy, sleep disturbance, and fatigue are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). There are increasing evidences that typical profile of structural and neurochemical injury play a role in development of the common neurobehavioral sequelae associated with TBI. Regardless of the mechanisms by which they develop, the neurobehavioral consequences of TBI complicate rehabilitation efforts and are usually associated with functional disabilities. Recent studies demonstrate various classes of pharmacological interventions are available to ameliorate a wide range of symptoms associated with neurobehavioral problems of TBI, yet the quality of the evidence is generally poor. Therefore, well-designed randomized controlled trials in large scale, giving high-quality evidence, are required to develop treatment guidelines. Attention to the pharmacological intervention of the neurobehavioral problems of TBI, addition to the nonpharmacological strategies, can serve a critical role in advancing the rehabilitative process which leads to improved quality of life of the patients with TBI, and decreased social impact.

Speckled lentiginous nevus is circumscribed patch of hyperpigmentation with smaller, darker pigmented macules or papules within the patch. The background shows histologic features of lentigo simplex. The speckled areas show junctional or compound nevus. Association of speckled lentiginous nevus with multiple spitz nevi was rarely reported. We report a case of multiple spitz nevi arising in a giant speckled lentiginous nevus.
Hyperpigmentation ; Lentigo ; Nevus* ; Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell*

No abstract available.
Child ; Humans ; *Periodicals as Topic ; Republic of Korea ; *Urology

No abstract available.
Body Composition ; Humans

Diabetes patients are vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Therefore, challenges arise concerning how to manage nutrition support to strengthen the immune system in diabetes patients. The purpose of this paper is to review the roles of macronutrients and specific micronutrients such as vitamin D, B12, folate, selenium, and zinc in supporting the immune system and examine the nutritional management method of diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence indicates that adequate amounts of protein, high omega-3 fatty acids, low refined sugars, high fiber content such as whole grains, and micronutrients including vitamin D, Bsub>12, folate, selenium, and zinc impact immune system function in diabetes patients. Consumption of a balanced diet with these nutrients is best to support the immune system in diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The congenital esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fisula is a developmental defect due to incomplete septation of the foregut during embryonic period and is often associated with other congenital anomalies. I experienced a case of the esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula in one-day-old female patient. Primary repair of esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula was performed but abdominal distension developed. UGI series was done and showed duodenal obstruction. I report this case with brief review of the related literature.
Duodenal Obstruction ; Esophageal Atresia* ; Female ; Humans ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula*

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to understand correlation of parenting stress and turnover intention of nurses, and to provide basic data for effective nursing management. METHODS: Subjects included 287 nurses who had children and worked in hospitals. Data were collected through organized questionnaires from September 1st to 30th 2010. Collected data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis using PASW statistics 18 program. RESULTS: The average score for parenting stress of the participants was 3.12 out of 5. Nurture stress was statistically different depending on age, job position, shift work, night duty and stages of family development. The average score for turnover intention of the participants was 3.34 out of 5. Turnover intention was statistically different depending on age, number of children and stages of family development. As a result of correlation analysis of parenting stress and turnover intention, turnover intention showed positive correlation with daily stress, stress caused from taking parent role and average parenting stress. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that parenting stress is related with turnover intention, nursing managers should make efforts to decrease parenting stress in order to reduce turnover intention of nurses.
Child ; Humans ; Intention ; Parenting ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To describe the significance, incidence and characteristics of sonographic findings and long term outcomes of parafrontal horn cysts detected by screening cranial sonography done within the first week following birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 2122 first cranial ultrasound scans performed over a five year period were retrospectively evaluated and 23 neonates with parafrontal horn cysts were found (which are different from secondary cystic lesions). 17 cases had a birth weight of < 2400 gm with gestation between 30 and 35 weeks, 6 cases had a birth weight of > 2400 gm with gestation between 34 and 41 weeks. The size, shape and location of the parafrontal horn cysts and other associated abnormalities shown on the cranial sonogram were evaluated and sequential ultrasound study, maternal records, neonatal events and neurodevelopmental evaluations were retrospectively assessed. RESULTS: Of the 23 subjects, 21 had isolated parafrontal horn cysts and 2 had subependymal hemorrhages. There was no record of any abnormal perinatal history. The cysts were bilateral in 20 neonates and unilateral in the others. The size of the cysts ranged from 3 to 18 mm in diameter (mean 9 mm). Sonographic features of the parafrontal horn cysts were distinctive morphology (elliptical, thin walled) and location (adjacent to the tip of the frontal horn). In 17 of the cases a follow-up cranial sonography was performed, and all parafrontal horn cysts disappeared within 3 to 6 months. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were normal in those 17 cases. CONCLUSION: Screening cranial sonography of neonates discovers isolated parafrontal horn cyst. The incidence of parafrontal horn cysts in neonates in our study was 1.1%. They are present in the first week following birth and resolve themselves without medical treatment within a few months. In addition, they show normal neurodevelopment. The parafrontal cysts are suspected to be a benign variant of normal neurodevelopment.
Animals ; Birth Weight ; Brain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Horns* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Recent advances in the early diagnosis and curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have improved its prognosis. However, there is controversy concerning aggressive surgical treatment of tumor recurrence after surgical resection for prolonging survival in some patients, and especially for the extrahepatic peritoneal implantation of tumor. We report here on one patient with hepatocellular carcinoma who experienced an implanted metastases in the abdominal cavity after hepatectomy. A 57-year-old man who had previously had a left lateral segmentectomy for a huge HCC with liver cirrhosis 14 months ago revisited the hospital due to the occurrence of a lower abdominal mass. On the initial work up, the alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels were increased and the abdominal tumor was visible at the ileocecal area, but intrahepatic recurrence was not visible in the remnant liver on abdominal computed tomography (CT). Therefore, peritoneal metastatic tumor resection with exploration of the other abdominal organs, and especially the remnant liver, were performed. After the second operation, the patient's postoperative course was uneventful and his serum AFP levels returned to the normal range at that time. Generally, surgical resection for intraabdominal implanted tumors is not indicated for improving survival, but resection of a local peritoneal implanted tumor arising from HCC may be of value for improving patient survival.
Abdominal Cavity ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Early Diagnosis ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Reference Values

As Korea is one of the fastest aging countries in the world, the management of dementia has become a major social issue. An ideal way of treating dementia is to prevent the onset of the disease, as effective cure remains elusive yet. Therefore, every effort is needed to provide any interventions to delay the progression of dementia. Comprehensive assessment of dementia includes evaluation of cognitive functions, activities of daily living and neurobehavioral symptoms. Detailed history from the family member or the caregiver is essential and standardized assessment tools are recommended when evaluating a patient's functions. By putting all the information together, we estimate the severity of the disease and the prognosis to set up a therapeutic plan. As the incidence of dementia is on the rise, it is advisable for all members of rehabilitation medicine team to be well-acquainted with the assessment methods of dementia for early identification of problems and the monitoring of therapeutic interventions. This article provides a brief overview of the assessment of dementia to assist clinicians in evaluating and treating these patients.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aging ; Caregivers ; Cognition ; Dementia* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Prognosis ; Rehabilitation