PURPOSE: To study the spectrum of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: A total of 93 consecutive patients with cerebral palsy(CP) were retrospectively suited. Criteria for inclusion were a follow-up period of at least 2 years. The study examined the correlation between the incidence of epilepsy and seizure types in the different forms of CP. Other factors associated with epilepsy, such as age of first seizure, occurrence of abnormalities on brain imaging, and electroencephalogram were also analyzed. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of epilepsy in children with CP was 46.2 percent. The incidence of epilepsy was predominant in patients with mixed, diplegic, and quadriplegic palsies:55.5 percent, 51.6 percent, and 50.0 percent in frequency. The first seizure occurred during the first year of life in 48.8 percent of patients with epilepsy. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most common seizure type(44.2 percent), predominant in diplegic patients(64.3 percent). On the other hand, infantile spasms and myoclonic seizures were the main cause of seizures among quadriplegic children(60 percent and 40 percent, respectively). The occurrence of epilepsy was more popular in the group with abnormal brain imagings; especially encephalomalacia and cortical atrophy. All children with epilepsy in this study showed abnormal electroencephalogram(EEG) findings: Generalized abnormalities were observed in 55.8 percent of children with epilepsy; more dominantly in quadriplegic children(80.0 percent); and 40 percent of children with diplegia showed focal abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Cerebral palsy is associated with a higher incidence of seizure disorders, which, in the majority, has its onset in the first year of life; brain imaging and EEG are most effective in spotting epilepsy in children with CP.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Electroencephalography ; Encephalomalacia ; Epilepsy* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Metrorrhagia ; Neuroimaging ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Spasms, Infantile