PURPOSE:We undertook this study to improve our understanding of the epidemiologic and clinical features of non-polioenterovirus (NPEV) infections, especially enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections, in Korean children. METHODS:Between April and June 2000, NPEVs were detected by RT-PCR and cultures of specimens obtained from patients with aseptic meningitis, acute respiratory disease, and acute gastroenteritis which were associated with enteroviral exanthem and vesicular pharyngeal enanthem, such as herpangina, and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). EV71 was identified by sequencing the VP1 gene. The clinical and epidemiologic data were analyzed retrospectively after all 87 NPEV-positive patients were divided into 4 groups, according to the clinical manifestations. Sixteen patients who mainly had symptoms of acute gastroenteritis were in group A, 21 patients with symptoms and signs of lower respiratory tract infections were in group B, 42 patients with a HFMD rash only were in group C with or without fever, and 8 patients with aseptic meningitis or paralysis were in group D. For the 11 EV71-positive patients, 1 was in group A, 2 were group B, 7 were in group C, and 1 was in group D. RESULTS:There were 87 NPEV infections, including 11 EV71 infections. The mean age of the patients was 2 years and 11 months, ranging from 1 day to 15 years. There were no fatal cases among a total of 87 NPEV infections and no significant differences in clinical severity between the EV71 and other NPEV infections. CONCLUSION:NPEV infections in children were common during the 3 months in the spring of 2000. Unlike in southeast Asia, where fatal EV71 infection outbreaks have occurred since 1997, the clinical features of EV71 infection in Korean children are mild.
Asia, Southeastern ; Child ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enterovirus ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Foot ; Gastroenteritis ; Hand ; Herpangina ; Humans ; Korea ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Mouth Diseases ; Paralysis ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess recognition of smoking cessation education among dental hygienists and knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to smoking cessation counseling as well as to obtain basic data on smoking cessation counseling for effective oral care in dental offices. METHODS: After approval was obtained from the institutional review board, this study was carried out dental hygienists working in dental hospitals and clinics in Busan City, Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk province, Korea. The final analysis captured information from 300 participants. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: Of the 300 participants, 94.0% agreed that smoking cessation education is necessary, 17.5% reported smoking cessation education experience, and 65.7% reported intention to participate in smoking cessation education in the future. Dental hygienists' smoking cessation counseling activities showed a significant correlation between attitudes and practices (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Counseling for smoking cessation provided by dental hygienists was positively correlated with the presence of smoking cessation knowledge and with the intention of participating in smoking cessation education. For dental hygienists to effectively counsel patients regarding smoking cessation, it is essential to integrate smoking cessation education into the dental school curriculum and to offer continuing education post-graduation.
Busan ; Counseling* ; Curriculum ; Dental Hygienists* ; Dental Offices ; Education ; Education, Continuing ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Intention ; Korea ; Schools, Dental ; Smoking Cessation*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of autologous blood injections for late-onset filtering bleb leakage after trabeculectomy METHODS: Retrospective chart review was done on 15 patients 16 eyes that had autologous blood injection(s) for filtering bleb leak occurring later than 2 months after trabeculectomy at the Masan Samsung Hospital. Successful treatment was defined as resolution of the bleb leak and no need for additional glaucoma medications. Failure was defined as a persistent bleb leak, intraocular pressure greater than 21 mm Hg, or the occurrence of a vision-threatening event related to the procedure. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 53.9 years old (38~74 years). Ten eyes were men (62.5%) and 6 were women (37.5%). Sixteen eyes of 15 patients had autologous blood injection for filtering bleb leak and were followed for a mean of 12.7 months (SD, 5.8; range, 3 to 25 months). Eleven eyes (68.7%) were classified as failures because of persistence of the leak. Five eyes (31.3%) had an initially successful outcome, but the success rate decreased over time as bleb leaks recurred in one of the five eyes at 3 month. Mean intraocular pressure increased from 4.9mmHg at pretreatment to 7.6 mmHg at final examination (P<0.05). Snellen visual acuity (with correction or pinhole) remained within 2 lines of pretreatment acuity in 12 eyes (75%). Blood seepage into the anterior chamber after autologous blood injection was the common complication, but it was transient. CONCLUSIONS: Although it showed limited success, autologous blood injection for late-onset bleb leak may be considered as a supportive measure before preforming invasive incisional surgery.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister* ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy* ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Visceral adipose tissue accumulation highly correlates with metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease. Computed tomography (CT) is considered to be the standard method for visceral fat evaluation, but it is not used as a routine procedure. Ultrasonography (US) is a safe method, fairly inexpensive and widely available modality for measuring abdominal fat thickness. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the intra-abdominal fat distance by US measurement and the visceral fat amount by CT and cardiovascular risk factors and to evaluate whether the intra-abdominal fat distance is better correlate with visceral fat amount by CT than other anthropometric parameters and to assess the cut-off value of intra-abdominal fat distance for visceral obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: We obtained abdominal subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat distance by using a high-resolution US (HDI 5000, ATL, Phillps, USA) at 1 cm above umbilical level in one hundred twenty-eight type 2 diabetic patients. CT scan (Light Speed plus, GE, USA) for the measurement of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal visceral fat area was also performed in the supine position at the L4-5 level. Lean body mass and % body fat were measured in a bioimpedance using DSM (Direct Segmental Measurement by 8-point electrode) method (InBody 3.0, Biospace, Seoul, Korea). We measured patient's height, weight, BMI (Body mass index), waist circumference, WHR(Waist-hip ratio) and blood pressure and also measured fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid profiles. RESULTS: Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat distance measured by US is 2.05 +/- 0.52 cm, 4.43 +/- 1.54 cm, respectively. In pearson's correlations, visceral fat distance were correlated with BMI (r = 0.681, P < 0.001), waist circumference (r = 0.661, P < 0.001), WHR (r = 0.571, P < 0.001), triglyceride (r = 0.316, P < 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.207, P < 0.004). US-determined visceral fat distance was also correlated with visceral fat amount by CT (r = 0.674, P < 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.610, P < 0.001), waist circumference (r = 0.626, P < 0.001), WHR (r = 0.557, P < 0.001). When we used waist circumference (men: 90 cm, women: 85 cm) as parameters for visceral obesity, the cutoff value of visceral fat distance, obtained by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, were 4.670 cm in men, 3.695 cm in women diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: Intra-abdominal fat distance measured by US reveals strongly correlated with visceral fat area, which is determined by CT and also well correlated with anthropometric parameters and lipid profiles. We suggest that US provided a better index compared to anthropometry for the prediction of visceral obesity and could be an alternative method for CT for visceral fat determination in diabetic patients.
Abdominal Fat ; Adipose Tissue ; Anthropometry ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Risk Factors ; ROC Curve ; Supine Position ; Waist Circumference

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to describe the relationship of perception of parenting attitude, behavior problems and resilience of school age children. METHODS: Participants were 131 children enrolled in the 4th to 6th grades. Data were collected from November 29 to December 6, 2010 using a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire included the Parental Bonding Instrument, Korean version of Youth Self-Report, and Resilience. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in resilience according to gender, relationship with peers, academic achievement and school satisfaction. Resilience showed a positive correlation with parental bonding attitude and negative correlation with problem behavior in the children. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that interventions focusing on parenting attitude to enhance resilience should be developed to help school age children.
Achievement ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Humans ; Parenting ; Parents ; Resilience, Psychological ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Pseudoaneurysm of splenic artery may arise from a vascular erosion by the inflammatory processes around the splenic artery, particularly in acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis, which may cause rupture of pseudoaneurysm and life threatening hemorrhage. Collective experience with this massive hemorrhage is attended by a high mortality rate even with prompt therapy, and conservative management is associated with an almost 100 per cent of mortality rate. Identification of the bleeding site at laparotomy may be exceedingly difficult, which makes the preoperative detection of bleeding source desirable. Peripancreatic vascular lesions can be identified by angiography, and in selected cases the risk of urgent operation to control massive hemorrhage may be obviated by embolization. The authors have recently experienced a case of ruptured splenic artery pseudoaneurysm combined with a pancreatic pseudocyst in a 6 years old boy. A bolus enhanced CT scan and angiography were essential to confirm these complications of pancreatic pseudocyst. We managed this child successfully with an urgent procedure of transcatheter arterial embolization and another elective surgery of pancreatic pseudocyst.
Aneurysm, False* ; Angiography ; Child* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Mortality ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst ; Pancreatitis ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Rupture ; Splenic Artery* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Anemia, Refractory* ; Cyclosporine*

BACKGROUND: Proper nutritional supplement is one of the fundamental management domains for critical ill patients. While it shows positive effect on processing and prognosis of critical ill patients, early enteral nutrition is overlooked. This study explored healthcare professional's level of knowledge perception and performance on early enteral nutrition for critically ill patients. Data was collected from a convenient sample of 319 registered doctors, nurses and nutritionists in ICU at seven university hospitals. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. The participants were assessed by questionnaires, specifically designed for the study and verified for the content validity by professional reviewers related with critical ill patients. RESULTS: While the level of the perception of early enteral nutrition is high, the level of knowledge and performance are relatively low. The nurses showed a statistically significant difference on the level of knowledge, by their educational backgrounds and clinical experiences. Regarding the hospital support system, the doctors showed a significant difference on the level of perception and performance, while the nurses only showed that difference on the level of performance. It was shown that with higher the level of knowledge regarding the early enteral nutrition, the higher the level of performance. Further, the higher the level of perception, the higher the level of performance was observed. The hospital support system and the perception of the healthcare professionals are two most influential factors to affect the performance of the healthcare professionals related with the early enteral nutrition for the critically ill patients. CONCLUSION: To perform the proper early enteral nutrition, the hospital support system and the level of the healthcare professionals' perception, are two most important factors. Therefore, the efforts to build the hospital support system along with the educational provisions are needed.
Critical Illness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Foot ; Hand

Background: Clear cell acanthoma is a rare benign epidermal tumor that is considered a nonspecific reactive dermatosis. To date, no reports have described systematic analyses of clear cell acanthoma in Koreans. Objective: We investigated the clinical, histopathological, and dermoscopic features of clear cell acanthoma. Methods: In this study, we evaluated 14 lesions of clear cell acanthoma. Results: We observed female predominance (male:female ratio 1:1.3), and the mean patient age was 55.8±18.0 years (range 15∼76 years), with the peak incidence observed in patients in their 60s. Notably, 57.1% of lesions developed on the lower extremities. The lesion was most commonly misdiagnosed as seborrheic keratosis. Histopathological examination revealed a well-demarcated area of keratinocytes with pale-staining cytoplasm and psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia and mild spongiosis, exocytosis of neutrophils, and thinned suprapapillary plates. Dermoscopic examination showed a clear cell acanthoma with characteristic vascular findings, including pinpoint red dots, globular red dots, and glomeruloid structures with linear or reticular patterns. Conclusion Clear cell acanthoma commonly presents as a small solitary lesion measuring <1 cm in diameter that occurs on the lower extremities in women in their 60s. Histopathological characteristics of this lesion include Periodic acid Schiff-positive with pale cytoplasm, and dotted, globular, and glomeruloid vessels with a linear or reticular pattern on dermoscopy. This was a single-center, small-sized retrospective study; however, in our view, the results of this study would contribute to the literature by providing a better understanding of clear cell acanthoma in Koreans.