To define the factors related to health promotion behavior in aircrew of an airline, this study as a covariance structural analysis applied and tested PRECEDE model. In using the PRECEDE model, the purpose of this study was to assess by phase factors that influence health promotion of aircrews and to test the relationship between health promotion related factors and those of PRECEDE model. The data was collected for one month in April of 2001 using self-questionarire and medical records. The data of 218 subjects were analyzed. For general characteristics and each assessment SPSS 10.0 Win Program was used for analysis LISREL 8.12 Win Program was used to test model. 1. Application of PRECEDE model For health promotion of aircrew, PRECEDE model was applied. For epidemiological assessment, elevated serum total cholesterol was chosen. Smoking, drinking, exercise and diet were defined as behavior factor. Job stress and stress factors in aviation were defined as environmental factor. Predisposing factors were regular lifestyle habits(sleep time, dietary habits with three meals per day, breakfast and snack), health related self efficacy, perceived benefit, perceived barrier. Reinforcing factors, the social support network among peers was assessed. Duty depending on the type of work situation, either domestic or international and the number of days spent in a rural city or overseas were used as enabling factors. 2. Testing of the model The total of nine theoretical variable to test its validity was used. Exogenous variable were enabling factors of work situation. Endogenous variables were reinforcing factor of social support network, predisposing factor of regular lifestyle, self efficacy, perceived benefit and perceived barrier. Out of 16 hypothetical paths using such factors, only four were supported. In order to modify the model, 5 paths were added after eliminating of 4 and as a result 9 out of total 17 were supported. Direct Effects With the PROCEDE model, reinforcing factors had significant effect on predisposing factors [Regular lifestyle habits (beta21=8.728, t=2.742), self efficacy (beta31=7.461, t=2.947), perceived benefit (beta41=3.967, t=2.679), perceived barrier (beta51=-3.550, t=-2.955)]. Even after modifying the model in order to improve fitness reinforcing factors had significant direct effects on predisposing factors [Regular lifestyle habits (beta21=0.020, t=2.428), self efficacy (beta31=9.636, t=2.427), perceived benefit(beta41=4.425, t=2.229), perceived barrier (beta51=4.212, t=-2.451)]. Perceived barrier had significant direct effects on health problem (beta85=0.171, t=2.979). Perceived barrier had significant direct effects on environmental factor (beta75=0.035, t=2.257). Perceived benefit had significant direct effects on behavior factor (beta64=0.391, t=2.755). Indirect Effect Regular lifestyle habits had significant indirect effects on Endogenous variable [Self efficacy (effect coefficient=0.191, t=9.004), perceived benefit (effect coefficient=0.087, t=4.576), behavior factor (effect coefficient=1.108, t=2.703), perceived barrier (effect coefficient=-0.083, t=-5.130), environmental factor (effect coefficient=-0.007, t=-2.579), health problem (effect coefficient=-0.016, t=-3.138)]. Social support network had significant indirect effects on health problem (effect coefficient=-0.823, t=-2.083). In conclusion this study supports the PRECEDE model by Green (1980) and this was useful in health promotion model of aircrew. Therefore, in order to improve health problem related to hyperlipidemia in aircrew, behavior modification though peer support should be promoted initially and then, programs that emphasize increasing perceived benefit and decreased barrier should be promoted. Finally, modifying health behavior to promote regular lifestyle and decrease health problems is encouraged.
Aviation ; Behavior Therapy ; Breakfast ; Causality ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Drinking ; Food Habits ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion* ; Hyperlipidemias ; Life Style ; Meals ; Medical Records ; Self Efficacy ; Smoke ; Smoking

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on health behavior among patients with coronary artery disease. METHOD: The subjects were 95 patients who visited the out-patient department of a university hospital for follow-up. The four health belief concepts (motivation, benefit, barrier, seriousness), general self-efficacy, health behaviors on medication, diet, exercise, stress management, smoking, and drinking were measured. RESULT: There were significant differences in the health behavior scores of subjects according to family support and the experience of surgical procedure. Subjects were found to have a high degree of compliance in taking medication. However subjects reported the lowest degree of compliance in regular exercise. In the multiple regression analysis, surgical procedure and motivation were significant predictors to explain diet. Motivation and barrier were significant predictors to explain exercise. Self-efficacy, motivation and family support were significant predictors to explain stress management. Family support and seriousness explained 16% of variance in drinking. Also, family support explained 30% of variance in smoking. CONCLUSION: Since predicting factors on each health behavior indicator were different, then nurses should consider these differences to construct strategy enhancing patient's recovery.
Compliance ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diet ; Drinking ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Motivation ; Outpatients ; Smoke ; Smoking

Solar urticaria is a rare disorder in which immediate erythema and wheals are induced by ultraviolet or visible irradiation. This condition usually occurs in the third and fifth decades of life and is very rare in childhood. A 3-year-old girl presented with a history of an erythematous rash which had occurred on the face and neck, immediately after exposure to sunlight for one month. A diagnosis of solar urtiacria was made on the clinical reviews and phototest. Other photosensitive disorders could be excluded by the clinical and laboratory findings. She was treated with ketotifen and sun protection showing good early results.
Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Erythema ; Exanthema ; Female ; Humans ; Ketotifen ; Neck ; Solar System ; Sunlight ; Urticaria*

No abstract available.
Aviation* ; Nursing*

BACKGROUND: Linear lichen planus (LLP) and Lichen striatus (LS) are rare disorder that can be confused because they can share similar clinical and histopathologic features. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristic differences and common features between the two disorders histopathologically. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of patients who had been diagnosed as LLP or LS in our dermatology clinic during the 15-year period between 1985 and 1999. We classified twenty seven cases, which were differentiated from other possible linear dermatoses, into LLP and LS on the basis of clinical features, and then compared them histopathologically, and appreciated the characteristic differences or common features of the two disorders. RESULTS: In cases diagnosed as LLP clinically, epidermal changes were mainly composed of hyperkeratosis (78%), acanthosis (78%), basal degeneration (78%), granular layer thickening (67%) and saw-toothed appearance of rete ridges (44%). In dermis, colloid bodies (78%), band-like inflammatory cell infiltration with pigmentary incontinence (78%) were strik-,ting findings. In cases with clinical features of LS, parakeratosis (50%), dyskeratotic cells scattered in the epidermis (61%) and intercellular edema (39%) were noted in the epidermis. Dermal cellular deposits were focally band-like infiltration(89%), more frequently perivascular in-filtration (83%) and often involved deep dermis (50%), hair follicles (44%) and eccrine glands (22%) in contrast to LLP. CONCLUSION: This study presents a comparative histopathologic features of LLP and LS. Three cases of LLP with overlapping histopathologic features suggest the possibility that there may be an intermediate form between either end of a spectrum, LLP and LS.
Colloids ; Dermatology ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Edema ; Epidermis ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Lichen Planus* ; Lichens* ; Parakeratosis ; Skin Diseases

A 71-year-old woman was presented with 5-year history of recurrent, multiple, painful or tender, erythematous plaques on her lower limbs accompanied by fever and arthralgia. Histopathological findings showed a dense infiltration of mature neutrophils in the upper and mid dermis without leukocytoclastic vasculitis. These clinical and histopathological findings were consistent with Sweet's syndrome. The laboratory investigations demonstrated elevated ESR and IgA gammopathy, but no leukocytosis or neutrophilia. Her eruption revealed good responses to systemic steroid therapy. We herein describe a patient with Sweet's syndrome without leukocytosis, probably associated with a benign IgA gammopathy.
Aged ; Arthralgia ; Dermis ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Leukocytosis ; Lower Extremity ; Neutrophils ; Sweet Syndrome* ; Vasculitis

No abstract available.
Aerospace Medicine* ; Asia*

BACKGROUND: Histological differentiation between malignant melanoria and benign melanocytic skin lesions is at times, a difficult task for the dermatopathologist. The AgNOR staining has been regarded as a useful tool in differentiating malignant melanoma from benign rael;inocytic nevi. OBJECTIVE: We have carried out the AgNOR staining in a range of nelanocytic lesion and try to assess the value of AgNOR stairting in the identification of malignancy in melanocytic lesions. METHOD: Fifty seven melainocytic skin specimens were studied. These comprised 11 acquired melanocytic nevi, 11 congenital melanocytic nevi, 31 malignant melano nas and 4 atypical melanocytic hyperplasias. RESULT: The majority of benign nevus cells posessed one or two unifrm AgNORs, whereas marked AgNOR pleomorphism was found in some rnelanoma cells. The number of AgNORs per nucleus. averaged 1.24+0.12 in the 18 specimens of benign nevi and 2.10+0.6 in the 25 specimens of malignant melanoma. In the cases of atypical melanocytic hyperplasia it was not possible to count on an adequate number of cells to give a meaningful result because of melanin pigment. CONCLUSION: Although this study demonstrated a separation of average AgNOR counts between begnign melanocytic nevi and maligmant melanomas, there was an ovei lap in counts among individual lesions. For clinical use, there should be a standard method by which AgNORs are counted in AgNOR staining. Melanin pigment masiking the AgNORs can also be a problem.
Hyperplasia ; Melanins ; Melanoma ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Skin*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this correlational study was to identify relationships among job stress, health beliefs and health behaviors of aircrews and contributing factors to aircrew's health promoting behaviors. METHOD: Two-hundred twenty-four aircrew members completed questionnaires. The questionnaires were composed of a demographic form, health behavior scale, self-efficacy scale, perceived benefit scale, perceived barrier scale, job demand scale, and latitude scale. RESULT: The subject's health behavior has shown significant correlations with self-efficacy, benefit, and barrier. Significant negative correlations were found between job stress and self-efficacy. Relationships between job stress and barriers were also statistically significant. In demographic features, statistically significant difference were found between subject's rank and job stress score. Also, there was a significant difference between health behavior and the subject's age. CONCLUSION: Future efforts should focus on the development of a program to consider aircrew's perceived benefits, perceived barriers and self-efficacy to the compliance of health promoting behaviors.
Compliance ; Health Behavior* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

DNA replicating cells were detected in the psoriatic epidermis by anti BrdU antibody after incubating tissue sections biopsied in acute and chronic areas with BrdU. The expression pattern of No. 1 keratin, involucrin. filaggrin, loricrin and transglutaminase E was studied in the paraffin embedded sections of psoriatic specimen which showed various histopathological findings. The results are as follows 1) The labeling index of BrdU in lesional psoriatic skin was significantly greater than that in normal skin. The labeling index was greater in the clinically active lesion of psoriasis than that of the chronic lesion, which suggest that psoriatic lesions are composed of distinct lesions differing in activity. 2) In the epidermis of the psoriatic plaques with extensive parakeratosis or microabscesses at the base of the stratum corneum and absent granular layers, the expression pattern of five epidermal proteins appeared as follows : No. 1 keratin which is found in normal epidermis immediately above the basal layer, appeared several layers higher. Involucrin was detected in most of the suprabasal layers. Fillaggrin, loricrin and transglutaminase E showed negative expression. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the increment of DNA replicating cells and aberrant, maturation pathway of epidermis appear in active psoriatic plaques.
Bromodeoxyuridine ; DNA ; Epidermis ; Paraffin ; Parakeratosis ; Psoriasis ; Skin*