Among the complications associated with tissue expansion, bony depression under the expander is frequently observed clinically, especially under the tough skin like scalp. To investigate the bony change during the expansion and its reversability, we divided 21 young rabbits into 7 groups. After the insertion of tissue expander on the frontal bone, each groups are sacrificed at 1,2,3 weeks after tissue expansion, 1,2,3 months after removal of tissue expander, and for control, 4 weeks after insertion of expander without expansion. Bony changes are evaluated by gross findings, radiographic findings, and histologic findings. Progressive tissue expansion induces significant gross bony changes in skull of young rabbit. This bony changes consist of erosion underlying tissue expander, with bony ridging and bone deposition at the periphery of the expander. These gross findings correlates with the histomorphologic findings; osteoclastic bone resorption under the expanders with periosteal reation at the periphery of the expanders. The bony changes is not simply a pressure deformation, but also is a remodeling effect. Increased bone resorption and inhibition of bone formation occur until the pressure is removed. After removal of the expanders, reparative bone remodeling begins and nearly complete healing of the cranial defects occurs. On the basis of this study, we conclude that tissue expansion causes significant but reversible effects on cranial bone of young rabbit.
Bone Remodeling ; Bone Resorption ; Depression ; Frontal Bone* ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Scalp ; Skin ; Skull ; Tissue Expansion Devices ; Tissue Expansion*

No abstract available.
Agaricales* ; Morus*

No abstract available.

Purpose: To measure the absorbed doses of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), which is recently being more frequently used, and to compare them with those of panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods: To measure the absorbed doses of CBCT (PSR-9000N(TM), Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Japan), we placed TLD chips on the skin regions above the parotid and thyroid glands, and on the dorsum of tongue in a dental head phantom. We used two image acquisition modes of the Dental and Panoramic modes of CBCT, which differed in the field of view. Also, panoramic radiographs (Auto IIIN, Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Japan) were taken to compare with the absorbed doses of CBCT. Result: In the Dental mode of CBCT, the absorbed doses of the parotid gland, dorsum of tongue, and thyroid gland were 3.53, 3.13, and 0.36 mGy, respectively. In the Panoramic mode of CBCT, they were 9.57, 9.15, and 0.85 mGy, respectively. The panoramic mode showed higher absorbed doses than those of the Dental mode. In the panoramic radiography, the absorbed doses of the parotid gland, dorsum of tongue, and thyroid gland were 1.21, 1.19, and 0.16 mGy, respectively. And they were about 1/3 of the Dental mode and 1/9 of the Panoramic mode of CBCT. Conclusion: Absorbed doses of CBCT are higher than those of panoramic radiography, and dependent upon the field of view.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography* ; Head ; Parotid Gland ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland ; Tongue

Purpose: To measure the absorbed doses of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), which is recently being more frequently used, and to compare them with those of panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods: To measure the absorbed doses of CBCT (PSR-9000N(TM), Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Japan), we placed TLD chips on the skin regions above the parotid and thyroid glands, and on the dorsum of tongue in a dental head phantom. We used two image acquisition modes of the Dental and Panoramic modes of CBCT, which differed in the field of view. Also, panoramic radiographs (Auto IIIN, Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Japan) were taken to compare with the absorbed doses of CBCT. Result: In the Dental mode of CBCT, the absorbed doses of the parotid gland, dorsum of tongue, and thyroid gland were 3.53, 3.13, and 0.36 mGy, respectively. In the Panoramic mode of CBCT, they were 9.57, 9.15, and 0.85 mGy, respectively. The panoramic mode showed higher absorbed doses than those of the Dental mode. In the panoramic radiography, the absorbed doses of the parotid gland, dorsum of tongue, and thyroid gland were 1.21, 1.19, and 0.16 mGy, respectively. And they were about 1/3 of the Dental mode and 1/9 of the Panoramic mode of CBCT. Conclusion: Absorbed doses of CBCT are higher than those of panoramic radiography, and dependent upon the field of view.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography* ; Head ; Parotid Gland ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland ; Tongue

Hurthle cell tumors are an infrequent neoplasm of the thyroid gland in adults. Hurthle cell tumors represent 4. 5% to 10% of all primary thyroid epithelial neoplasms in the foreign literature. It has been known as Hurthle cell tumor since Ewing was the first to use this term in 1928. Tumor occurring in an infant was described by Symmers(1941) and Morrow(1945). The authors experienced a case of congenital Hurthle cell tumor of the thyroid gland in a 2 months old boy. He was admitted to the pediatric surgical department because of a growing mass in the neck since birth. Ultrasonogram showed a huge lobulated homogenous solid mass with medium level echogenicity in the region of the thyroid gland. Subtotal thyroidectomy of right lobe and total thyroidectomy of left lobe were done. The specimen measures 2x3x1.5 cm and 7x3x3 cm, respectively. It was an encapsulated, yellow gray firm and solid mass. The cut surface was smooth, glistening and homogenous. Microscopicully, the tumor was composed of tightly packed regular follicles lined by polyhedral, cuboidal, large cells with a granular acidophilic cytoplasms. The nuclei are vesicular, usually only a little bit larger than those of normal thyroid cells.
Infant ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.

Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (SpSCC) is a biphasic tumor composed of squamous cell epithelial and spindle cell mesenchymal components, both of which are malignant. Cutaneous SpSCC can cause diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties because of its rarity, heterogeneity, morphological similarity to other cutaneous spindle cell neoplasms, and uncertain pathogenesis and prognosis, particularly when the squamous cell carcinoma component is minimal or missing. Intransit metastasis and satellite lesion (satellitosis) constitute a spectrum of non-nodal regional metastases. Here the author reports the first known case of cutaneous SpSCC presenting with intransit metastases and a satellite lesion, which were exceptionally aggressive. A 77-year-old female patient presented with a 3× 3× 0.5 cm mass on her right cheek. Despite wide excision and postoperative radiation, the patient resulted in local recurrence and multiple distant metastases within 3 months. If many high-risk factors-particularly satellitosis and in-transit metastases are observed in a tumor with epithelial to mesenchymal transition, then further wide excision and adjuvant chemoradiation should be considered early in the treatment process. A multidisciplinary approach could be the key to cure the most aggressive malignancies of the skin, as in other organs.

Of 14,682 samples of feces examined, 81.7% were positive for intestinal helminths. Trichocephalus trichiurus was observed most frequently, in 73.2%. Eight other species of helminths found were Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Trichostrongylus orientalis, Clonorchis sinensis, Tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, Paragoniumus westermani and Enterobius vermicularis, listed in decreasing order. Double infections were found more frequently than single infections, and mixed infection of five or more species of helminths occurred in 0.2% Of 10,320 samples of feces examined, 22.3% were positive for intestinal protozoa, Entamoeba coli was observed most frequently, in 11.1%. Six other species, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Iodamoeba butschlii, Chilomastix mesnill and lsospora hominis were found, in the order. It was noticed that E. histolytica was found more frequently in trichurial infection than with other helminths. Of 1,050 samples of sputum from the T. B. Clinic, 7.0% were positive for paragonimus eggs. Trichomonas vaginalis were found in 35.8%of 1,146 vaginal swabs examined. Seven cases of Plasmodium vivax infection were found among 140 suspected blood smears.
Incidence