No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Ear* ; Hyaluronic Acid*

No abstract available.
Cisplatin* ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing*

No abstract available.
Glycerol* ; Hearing*

No abstract available.
Hearing*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The treatment goal of both chronic and cholesteatomatous otitis media is to irradicate inflammation and to improve hearing. Recently, it has become more important to improve hearing acuity, and thus ossicular reconstruction has become essential in middle ear surgery. To find out the effective method of ossiculoplasty, we analysed tympanoplasty cases, especially type III and IV by Wullstein, performed in our hospital. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 120 cases of type III and IV tympanoplasty performed from January 1995 to December 2000 were analysed. Age and sex distribution, success rate of hearing improvement, recurrence rate of infection, and extrusion rate were analysed according to implanted material and type of surgery. RESULTS: 1) Success rate of hearing improvement according to the implanted material were 35.7%, 33.3%, 43.5%, and 29.2% in fascia, TORP, PORP, and autologous ossicle, respectively. The success rate was highest for the PORP group and with the average of 37.5%. 2) Recurrence rate of infection according to implanted material were 4.8%, 4.2%, 4.3% with fascia, TORP, and PORP, respectively. Infection was the highest in the autologous ossicle (12.3%), and the average recurrence rate was 6.7%. 3) Extrusion rates according to implanted material were 12.5% (TORP), 4.3% (PORP), and 0%(autologous ossicle). The average was 5.1%. 4) Success rate of hearing improvement according to type of surgery were 51%, 46.7%, and 33.3% in atticotomy, intact canal wall mastoidectomy and open cavity mastoidectomy, respectively. The surgery which conserves the middle ear structure tended to have high success rate. 5) Recurrence rate of infection according to type of surgery were 8%, 6.7%, 6.1% in atticotomy, intact canal wall mastoidectomy, and open cavity mastoidectomy, respectively. CONCLUSION: To obtain better results by operating, we should consider the kind of implantation material and proper type of operation. For better hearing improvement, it is preferable to use TORP or PORP instead of autologous ossicles. Although TORP and PORP tend to extrude more frequently than ossicles, they are still better than autologous ossicles if recurrence of infection is considered. Therefore, it is more preferable to use biocompatible materials such as TORP and PORP with adequate type of operation for tympanoplasty III and IV cases.
Biocompatible Materials ; Ear, Middle ; Fascia ; Hearing ; Inflammation ; Ossicular Prosthesis ; Otitis Media ; Recurrence ; Sex Distribution ; Tympanoplasty*

BACKGROUND: EMLA cream is a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine and has excellent anesthetic effect on tympanic membrane but histologic influence on tympanic membrane is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate its histologic effects on tympanic membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 Sprague-Dawly rats were divided into 6 groups. Each group was treated with application of EMLA cream into external ear canal and then were sacrificed at 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after application of the agents. RESULTS: 1) Transmission electron microscopy revealed partial loss of epithelial cell at 4 hours after application of the agents. 2) The specimen showed damaged cells in the epidermal layer and partial loss of basement membrane at 24 hours after application of the agents. 3) At 1 week after application of the agents epidermal layer and inner epithelium with connective tissue predominated. Thus the fibrous layer represent only 1/3 of total drum thickness. In the basal layers widened intercellular spaces were noted. 4) At 2 weeks after application of the agents newly formed connective tissue was found at fibrous layer and numerous fibroblasts were noted at inner epithelial layer. but overall histologic changes of the drum were not significant and healing processes was noted. CONCLUSION: EMLA cream has less histopathologic effects on tympanic membrane, and early recovery process occurred.
Anesthetics ; Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Connective Tissue ; Ear Canal ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Extracellular Space ; Fibroblasts ; Lidocaine ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Prilocaine ; Rats* ; Tympanic Membrane*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tinnitus is one of the most obscure otological pathologies. There is no universally proved treatment modality for tinnitus. Intratympanic lidocaine injection is one of the therapeutic trials. In this study, authors investigated the effects of intratympanically delivered lidocaine on the auditory system in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two percent of 0.25 cc lidocaine was delivered intratympanically to the affected ears in 5 normal hearing patients with unilateral tinnitus. We assessed auditory function by pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, tinnitus study, auditon evoked otoacoustic emissions, and ABR to observe possible druge Rects in the auditory system. In all five patients, saline was injected to the other intact ear for control purposes. RESULTS: Saline injection did not create significant changes in any of the measures. Intratympanic lidocaine injection did not make any differences between pre- and post-injection audiologic tests except otoacoustic emissions and tinnitus study. It suppressed otoacoustic emmisions and reduced loudness of tinnitus by 10 dB. Lidocaine injection did not cause any changes in latencies or amplitudes in the auditory brainstem response (ABR). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that intratympanically delivered lidocaine has an effect on the organ of Corti structures in human subjects without significantly affecting the auditory nerve or the central auditory pathways. Further investigations on the concentration and volume of intratympanically delivered lidocaine should be made in order to manage patients with tinnitus clinically.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; Audiometry ; Auditory Pathways ; Cochlear Nerve ; Ear ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hearing ; Humans ; Lidocaine* ; Organ of Corti ; Pathology ; Tinnitus* ; Tympanic Membrane

The enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (EVAS) is a clinical disease causing anatomical abnormality of bony canal in the temporal bone containing endolymphatic duct and sac. It is also associated with progressive sensorineural hearing loss with an isolated enlarged vestibular aqueduct. Familial inheritance of enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (FEVAS) is rare and the correct mode of inheritance is not yet discovered. We studied familial inheritance in EVAS by performing clinical, audiological, radiographic and chromosomal analyses, and found strong indications that FEVAS may be an autosomal recessive trait. Further study would be focused on genetic evaluation of FEVAS.
Endolymphatic Duct ; Extravehicular Activity ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Temporal Bone ; Vestibular Aqueduct* ; Wills

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The basic principle of microdialysis is to mimic the function of a capillary blood vessel by perfusing physiologic liquid implanted into the target tissue. Amino acids are supposed to have functions for controlling the homeostasis of normal nasal mucosa and a role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. However, no studies have been conducted about the existence of amino acids in the nasal cavity. This study measures the concentration of 19 amino acids found in the nasal cavity of normal control and experimentally allergy-induced animal model in order to evaluate the difference in the concentration of amino acids between normal and allergic nasal mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHOD: An experimentally induced nasal allergy model was developed by intraperitoneal and intranasal sensitization with ovalbumin in Dunkin-Hartely guinea pigs according to a programmed protocol. A microdialysis probe was designed to be suitable to nasal mucosa using a Cuprophan hollow fiber (200 micrometer inner diameter, 300 micrometer outer diameter, 45 kDa molecular weight cut-off, Fitral, AN 69-HF). After verification of the probe, microdialysis was performed in the inferior turbinate submucosa of normal control (N=8) and experimental (N=8) groups. The concentration of 19 amino acids was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed using a student t-test. RESULTS: All 19 amino acids were validated at various concentrations in the nasal cavity. Glutamate (p=0.036) and GABA (p<0.001) concentrations were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The 19 amino acids measured existed in the nasal cavity at various concentrations, and the concentrations of glutamate and GABA were significantly higher in the allergy group than in the control group. The microdialysis technique is a powerful tool not only to measure endogenous substances for target organ chemistry but also to pharmacokinetically evaluate exogenous drug delivery processes in the nasal cavity.
Amino Acids ; Animals ; Blood Vessels ; Capillaries ; Chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Glutamic Acid ; Guinea Pigs ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Microdialysis* ; Models, Animal ; Molecular Weight ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Mucosa ; Ovalbumin ; Rhinitis ; Turbinates