No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Ear* ; Hyaluronic Acid*

No abstract available.
Glycerol* ; Hearing*

No abstract available.
Hearing*

No abstract available.
Cisplatin* ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The treatment goal of both chronic and cholesteatomatous otitis media is to irradicate inflammation and to improve hearing. Recently, it has become more important to improve hearing acuity, and thus ossicular reconstruction has become essential in middle ear surgery. To find out the effective method of ossiculoplasty, we analysed tympanoplasty cases, especially type III and IV by Wullstein, performed in our hospital. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 120 cases of type III and IV tympanoplasty performed from January 1995 to December 2000 were analysed. Age and sex distribution, success rate of hearing improvement, recurrence rate of infection, and extrusion rate were analysed according to implanted material and type of surgery. RESULTS: 1) Success rate of hearing improvement according to the implanted material were 35.7%, 33.3%, 43.5%, and 29.2% in fascia, TORP, PORP, and autologous ossicle, respectively. The success rate was highest for the PORP group and with the average of 37.5%. 2) Recurrence rate of infection according to implanted material were 4.8%, 4.2%, 4.3% with fascia, TORP, and PORP, respectively. Infection was the highest in the autologous ossicle (12.3%), and the average recurrence rate was 6.7%. 3) Extrusion rates according to implanted material were 12.5% (TORP), 4.3% (PORP), and 0%(autologous ossicle). The average was 5.1%. 4) Success rate of hearing improvement according to type of surgery were 51%, 46.7%, and 33.3% in atticotomy, intact canal wall mastoidectomy and open cavity mastoidectomy, respectively. The surgery which conserves the middle ear structure tended to have high success rate. 5) Recurrence rate of infection according to type of surgery were 8%, 6.7%, 6.1% in atticotomy, intact canal wall mastoidectomy, and open cavity mastoidectomy, respectively. CONCLUSION: To obtain better results by operating, we should consider the kind of implantation material and proper type of operation. For better hearing improvement, it is preferable to use TORP or PORP instead of autologous ossicles. Although TORP and PORP tend to extrude more frequently than ossicles, they are still better than autologous ossicles if recurrence of infection is considered. Therefore, it is more preferable to use biocompatible materials such as TORP and PORP with adequate type of operation for tympanoplasty III and IV cases.
Biocompatible Materials ; Ear, Middle ; Fascia ; Hearing ; Inflammation ; Ossicular Prosthesis ; Otitis Media ; Recurrence ; Sex Distribution ; Tympanoplasty*

BACKGROUND: EMLA cream is a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine and has excellent anesthetic effect on tympanic membrane but histologic influence on tympanic membrane is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate its histologic effects on tympanic membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 Sprague-Dawly rats were divided into 6 groups. Each group was treated with application of EMLA cream into external ear canal and then were sacrificed at 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after application of the agents. RESULTS: 1) Transmission electron microscopy revealed partial loss of epithelial cell at 4 hours after application of the agents. 2) The specimen showed damaged cells in the epidermal layer and partial loss of basement membrane at 24 hours after application of the agents. 3) At 1 week after application of the agents epidermal layer and inner epithelium with connective tissue predominated. Thus the fibrous layer represent only 1/3 of total drum thickness. In the basal layers widened intercellular spaces were noted. 4) At 2 weeks after application of the agents newly formed connective tissue was found at fibrous layer and numerous fibroblasts were noted at inner epithelial layer. but overall histologic changes of the drum were not significant and healing processes was noted. CONCLUSION: EMLA cream has less histopathologic effects on tympanic membrane, and early recovery process occurred.
Anesthetics ; Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Connective Tissue ; Ear Canal ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Extracellular Space ; Fibroblasts ; Lidocaine ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Prilocaine ; Rats* ; Tympanic Membrane*

Knowledge about the mechanism and factors that influence olfaction in laryngectomees remains unclear. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of nasal airflow on olfactory ability, as measured by sniff alone and laryngeal bypass with sniff ; to evaluate varying olfactory abilities according to the status of the speech mechanisms in esophageal speakers (ES) and tracheoesophageal shunt speakers (TES) ; and to assess the relationship between speech acceptability and olfactory ability in laryngectomees. Two laryngectomee groups, consisting of ES and TES, and age-matched controls were analyzed through questionnaires, tests applying a Japanese T&T olfactometer to measure thresholds of odor detection and recognition, intravenous alinamin injection tests, and measures of speech acceptability. The findings that laryngeal bypass with sniff and the TES group demonstrated lower olfactory thresholds and shorter latent times than sniff alone and the ES group was informative about the importance of nasal airflow to the olfactory ability in laryngectomees. Furthermore, the close relationship found between olfactory threshold and speech acceptability showed that the ability to transport airflow through the nasal cavity during speech had a strong influence on olfactory ability in laryngectomees.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Odors ; Smell* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Ossicles are easily injured with head trauma. The most common injury occurs at incudostapedial joint and this separation prevents the consequent injury to inner ear structures. Although stapes crura fractures after head trauma are not uncommon in otologic field, the most are combined injury and isolated crura fractures are uncommon in the clinical field. We have experienced a case of isolated stapedial crura fractures and we report it here with a review of literature.
Craniocerebral Trauma ; Ear, Inner ; Joints ; Stapes

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sudden deafness in children is rare and comprises less than 10% of all sudden deafness. Viral infection is more common and early treatment is less common in children than in adults. Prognosis of sudden deafness is poorer in children than in adults. This study was attempted to evaluate clinical characteristics and prognosis of sudden deafness in children and to compare with sudden deafness in adults. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 40 patients (41 ears) who had been admitted to the department of otolaryngology, Pusan National University Hospital from January 1990 to December 2000. RESULTS: 1) Hearing recovery was significantly worse in the age group below 10 than in that over 10 (p<0.05). 2) Hearing recovery was less favorable in patients with profound degree of hearing loss than in those with the other degrees of hearing loss (p<0.05). 3) The patients who had been treated within 7 days after the on-set of symptoms were smaller in children than in adults (p<0.05). 4) Mumps was more common in childhood, the hearing recovery was significantly worse in cases with mumps than those without mumps (p<0.05). 5) Of the 41 ears, 8 ears (19.5%) had complete recovery, 5 ears (12.2%) had partial recovery, 9 ears (22.0%) had slight improvement, 19 ears (46.3%) had no improvement. CONCLUSION: Congenital hereditary deafness and viral infections are more common in children. Thus the cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss can be identified more frequently in children than in adults. Poor hearing recovery in children are considered to be associated with late time of initial treatment and asymptomatic mumps. Early diagnosis and early treatment are more important in children.
Adult ; Busan ; Child* ; Deafness ; Ear ; Early Diagnosis ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Hearing Loss, Sudden* ; Humans ; Mumps ; Otolaryngology ; Prognosis