No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Nursing* ; Urinary Incontinence*

No abstract available.
Hematoma* ; Liver* ; Snake Bites* ; Snakes*

OBJECTIVES: The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale designed to measure the subjective experience of stigma with sub-scales measuring Alienation, Stereotype Endorsement, Perceived Discrimination, Stigma Resistance, and Social withdrawal. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of ISMI. METHODS: The subjects were 194 schizophrenic patients and 205 peoples with depressive disorder. K-ISMI, CES-D (The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and Self Esteem scale were performed. RESULTS: Results showed that the ISMI had high internal consistence and split-half reliabilities. The internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach alpha) of each subscale ranged from .83 to .93. The validity of the ISMI was investigated by principal axis factoring analysis, yielding 5 factors of alienation, perceived discrimination, negative stereotype, stigma resistance, devaluation and social withdrawal. 5 subscales explained 60.67% of total variance. Concurrent validity was supported by comparisons against scales measuring related constructs. As expected, the ISMI had positive correlations with CES-D, and it had negative correlation with self-esteem scale. Subsidiary analysis showed that schizophrenic patients showed higher internalized stigma than depressed patients. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings support the utility of ISMI as a tool to evaluate internalized stigma of persons with mental illness. Interventions that can lessen internalized stigma may well hasten the recovery process in individuals with mental illness.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Self Concept ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: To investigate the caspase-3 expression in the acinar and ductal cells of rat submandibular glands after the irradiation of various doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 250 gm were used for this study. The experimental group was irradiated with a single absorbed dose of 2, 5, 10, and 15 Gy on the head and neck region. The rats were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day after irradiation. The specimens including the submandibular gland were sectioned and observed using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: The local destruction of the acinar and ductal cells and the karyopyknotic nuclei of the acinar cells were observed in the 2 Gy and 5 Gy irradiation groups later than in the 10 Gy and 15 Gy irradiation groups. And the expression of caspase-3 was prominent only in the ductal cells in the 2 Gy and 5 Gy irradiation groups. CONCLUSION: This experiment suggests that radiation-induced apoptosis in the ductal cells of rat submandibular glands was induced by a low dose radiation associated with the activation of caspase-3 and radiation-induced necrosis was induced by a high dose radiation.
Acinar Cells ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3* ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Necrosis ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Submandibular Gland*

Only a few case studies describe reversible parkinsonism after organophosphate poisoning and their brain imagings are found to be normal. However, we experienced chronic, irreversible parkinsonism by acute organophosphate poisoning with bilateral basal ganglia lesions found on a brain MRI. We suggest that brief, large amounts of organophosphate intoxication can produce irreversible parkinsonism according to individual susceptibility and further studies including the investigation of insecticides as an environmental factor of parkinsonism should be done using neuroimagings.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Insecticides ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurotoxins ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Organophosphates ; Parkinsonian Disorders*

Objective: To investigate whether the ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus (Harvey) Hommersand, a type of red algae, could exhibit anti-inflammatory potential in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Methods: The ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus was applied to 100 ng/mL LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and cell viability, phagocytic ability, levels of pro-inflammatory factors, and the production of reactive oxygen species were measured. To identify the underlying mechanism of the ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus, the expression of inflammation-regulated genes was estimated. Results: The ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus had no cytotoxic effect at concentrations below 300 μg/mL, and reduced the LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E 2. Furthermore, the extract markedly suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species. The LPS-induced up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was attenuated by treatment with the ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus, reducing their extracellular secretion. The Chondracanthus tenellus extract also inhibited LPS-mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, the phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt was markedly increased by LPS, which was significantly abolished by the Chondracanthus tenellus extract. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus exhibited potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through downregulating the NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Objective: To investigate whether ethanol extracts of Chondracanthus tenellus (EECT) could improve immunomodulatory property of murine monocyte/macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: Cell viability, phagocytic ability, and nitric oxide were measured. The levels of prostaglandin E

Reactions to Hymenoptera stings are classified into local reactions, large local reactions, systemic anaphylactic reactions, systemic toxic reactions, and unusual reactions. They are also classified into immediate and delayed reactions. The most frequent clinical patterns are large local and systemic anaphylactic reactions. The skin, and the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems can be involved. A variety of unusual or unexpected reactions, such as acute encephalopathy, acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, silent myocardial infarction, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, rhabdomyolysis, and cataracts, occur in a temporal relationship to insect stings. Here, we report a 31-year-old woman with delayed generalized edema, weight gain, and unusual reactions 24 hours after bee sting.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Adult ; Anaphylaxis ; Bees ; Bites and Stings* ; Brain Diseases ; Cardiovascular System ; Cataract ; Edema ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hymenoptera* ; Insect Bites and Stings ; Myocardial Infarction ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Skin ; Weight Gain

With widespread use of imaging techniques, the discovery of adrenal incidentalomas is increasing recently. Benign tumors are more frequent than malignant tumors in adrenal incidentalomas. Among malignant adrenal incidentalomas, metastatic neoplasms are the most common etiology. Traditional techniques to obtain tissue of adrenal gland include percutaneous approach under computed tomography or abdominal ultrasound guidance as well as open or laparoscopic adrenalectomies. They are invasive and associated with considerable complications such as pneumothorax, pancreatitis, adrenal abscesses, bacteremia, needle-tract metastases, and hemorrhage. Currently, endo scopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is increasingly used to obtain tissue for diagnosis if the lesion is located in close proximity to the gut lumen. Compared with the traditional percutaneous techniques of tissue acquisition, EUS-FNA has many advantages including less invasiveness and lower complication rate. Here, we report a case of metastatic non-small cell carcinoma of left adrenal gland diagnosed by EUS-FNA with a review of literature.
Abscess ; Adrenal Glands ; Adrenalectomy ; Bacteremia ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration ; Endosonography ; Hemorrhage ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreatitis ; Pneumothorax

Cervical pregnancy is a rarely life-threatening form of ectopic pregnancy in which the implantation of the developing conceptus in the cervical canal. The cervix is composed predominantly of the fibrous tissue. Therefore cervical pregnancy can be massive hemorrhagic occurrence from the eroded blood vessels within the cervical tissue. In the past, as a result of life-threatening hemorrhage, the diagnosis of a cervical ectopic pregnancy frequently led to hysterectomy. Currently, several conservative treatments are possible with the hope of preserving future reproductive potential, including preoperative uterine artery embolization before dilatation and evacuation. We report a case of cervical pregnancy which was treated sucessfully with preoperative selective uterine artery embolization before dilatation and currettage.
Blood Vessels ; Cervix Uteri ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Hope ; Hysterectomy ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Uterine Artery Embolization* ; Uterine Artery*