Curschmann' spirals morphologically similar to those seen in sputum were found in cervico-vaginal smears of six patients ranged from 28 to 40 years of age, during 18 months from January. 1985 to June. 1986. The prevalence was 1 in 2147 smears in that period. All of them had gynecologic disorders without systemic effect such as chronic cervictis in three, leiomyoma in one, pelvic inflammatory disorder in one, and primary infertility in one. The Curshmann' spirals in the smear showed varying degrees of maturation from wavy incipient ones to highly coiled mature ones, admixed with thick mucinous background, suggesting of their production in the uterine cervix itself. Also the recent history of undergone cryocautery, electrocautery or parturition suggest its production in the endocervical gland due to mechanical obstruction and/or change in biochemical composition of mucus.
Cervix Uteri ; Electrocoagulation ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Leiomyoma ; Mucins ; Mucus ; Parturition ; Prevalence ; Sputum

In order to evaluate the role of cytopathologic diagnosis of sputum, bronchial washing and bronchial brushing in the diagnosis of lung cancer, we performed this study. The patients included in this study had undergone sputum, bronchial washing and brushing cytology over the 20-month period of 1985 through 1987. The total number of specimens was 5,495 of 2,242 patients, including 4,830 sputa and 665 bronchial washing and brushings. The average number of sputa and bronchial washings and brushings per case was 2.4 and 1.2 respectively. Among them, about 10% were unsatisfactory specimen, and three-fourths were negative specimens. In sputum cytology, the diagnosis of "atypical cells" was given to 3%, "suspicious for malignancy" was given to 1 %, and "malignancy" was given to 13%. In bronchial washing and brushing cytology, the diagnosis of "atypical cells", "suspicious for malignancy" and malignancy" was given to 6%, 3%, and 20% respectively. The cases diagnosed as "atypical cells" in cytology were actually malignancy in 95% and 84.8% of sputum and bronchial washing and brushings respectively, and the "suspicious for malignancy" were actually malignancy in 100% in both methods. The detection rates of malignancy were 50.4% and 55.2% in sputum and bronchial washing and brushing respectively, and the specificity was 100% in both methods. The accuracy of cell typing was 92% in sputum and 89.7% in bronchial washing and brushing.
Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum

No abstract available.
Bile* ; Diagnosis* ; Drainage*

The Beta-2-microglobulin is the part of light chain of human histocompatibility antigen (HLA). This protein can be observed in most of the human nucleated cells. Some of reports indicated that the Beta-2-microglobulin was lost completely or partially in the malignant or premalignant lesions. Observations on presence of Beta-2-microglobulin were made on 24 cases of malignant, premalignant and benign epithelial umors and 6 cases of normal or non-neoplastic epithelial lesions in the skin, using PAP method. The PAP method. 1) Normal epidermis and no-neoplastic cutaneous lesions (chronic non-specific dematitis, actinic change of skin with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia) showed strong positive staining along the cutaneous epithelial cytoplasmic surface for Beta-2-microglobuin in all 6 cases. 2) Benign cutaneous tumors (keratoacanthoma, squamous cell papilloma and pigmented nevus) showed similar strong positive staining for Beta-2-microglobulin along the epithelial cell surface in 4 out 6 cases. Remaining 2 cases were out of 4 pigmented nevus, which showed weakly or pretty weakly staining. 3) Premalignant cutaneous lesions as solar keratosis showed generally weak positive staining along the epithelial cytoplasmic surface in all 4 cases. 4) Malignant cutaneous tumors (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease and malignant melanoma) showed mostly negative staining along the surface of epithelial cells for Beta-2-microglobulin, in 8 out of 14 cases. Remaining 6 cases showed slightly weak or patchy positive staining. As above observation, the presence of Beta-2-microglobulin in cutaneous epithelial lesions using PAP method could be indicated as one of good differential tool for histopathologic diagnosis in cutaneous malignant lesions.
Humans

A total of 359 cases of malignant tumors of the larynx (including 87 resected cases) obtained from the pathology file of the Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University during a period of 10 years from 1976 to 1985 were studied by histopathologic and gross investigation with analysis of clinical records, with following results. 1) Out of 359 cases, 356 cases were primary and 3 cases were metastatic. The primary malignant tumors consisted of 348 cases (97.8%) of squamous cell carcinoma, each 2 cases of verrucous carcinoma, malignant lymphoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma and a case of unclassified sarcoma. The metastatic malignant tumors were each one case of renal cell carcinoma, malignant schwanoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. 2) In primary squamous cell carcinoma, the ratio of male to female was 7.8:1 and mean age was 58.2 years (35-87 years). The location was in order of the supraglottic (54.1%), the glottic (25.0%), the transglottic (18.0%), and the subglottic (2.9%). The degree of histologic differentiation was in order of well (72.7%), moderate (23.6%) and poor (3.7%). The tumor stage was stage I in 7.8% of cases, stage II 19.7%, stage III 38.5%, and stage IV 34.0%, and the supraglottic tumors were relatively higher grade than the glottic tumors. 3) The chief complaints of the primary squamous cell carcinoma were mostly hoarseness (70.9% in total case, 49.2% in the supraglottic, 90.9% in the transglottic, and 100% in the glottic and the subglottic), and were variable in the supraglottic cases in order of sore throat, neck mass, throat pain, dyspnea, swallowing difficulty, and foreign body sensation. The duration from the time of first symptom to vistiation was average 7.34 months and was less than 3 months in 45.6% of cases, and showed two peaks, major in 1-2 months and minor in 10-12 months. 4) In the 87 resected cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma, the gross pattern was the ulcerofungating type in 49.4% of cases, the ulceroinfiltrative in 47.1% and flat in 3.5%. The size of tumor was up to 1.5 cm in 30% of cases and more than 1.6 cm in 70%. The extent of invasion was to the submucosa in 40.7% of resected cases, to the laryngeal skeletal muscle(s) 16.3%, to the laryngeal cartilage(s) 33.7%, to the perilaryngeal soft tissue 9.3%. In the 65 cases of lymph node dissection out of these 87 cases, 25 cases (38.5%) showed metastatic lesion(s). With relation to tumor location, lymph node metastases were frequent in the supraglottic, the transglottic and the subglottic region (50-60%) and less common in the glottic region (13.8%). With relation to gross pattern, the metastases were most frequent in ulceroinfiltrative type and none in flat type. And the metastasis rate was increased according to the increase of the tumor size and to the decrease of the tumor differentiation. 5) Smoking history in 140 recorded cases revealed only 8 nonsmokers and average 35.39 pack-years of cigarettes in smoker group with peak in 20-40 pack-yeas (57.2%). 6) Distant metastases were found in 8 cases. The organs were the lung in 5 cases, brain 4 cases, liver 1 case (Three cases were positive in two foci, the lung and the brain). The coexistant primary malignant tumors were found in 8 cases which were 5 bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas, 2 gastric adenocarcinoma, 1 pancreatic head adenocarcinoma and 1 thyroid papillary carcinoma (Triple primary cancers in one case, of the larynx, the lung and the stomach). 7) Follow-up of 6-53 months (mean 25.8 months) in 115 cases resulted in NED in 62 cases (53.9%) and expired or less resulted in NED in 62 cases (53.9%) and expired or loss of follow-up after recurrence or distant metastasis in 53 cases (46.1%). The recurrence was detected in 2-34 months (average 12.0 months) after treatment.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis

"Mammary dysplasia" and "fibroadenoma" represent almost all benign breast disease presenting with breast lumps. Mammary dysplasia comprises variable non-specific changes of stroma and epithelium, but fibroadenoma has been classified as a benign neoplasm, although both features not uncommonly coexist. Authors performed a blind microscopic review of 660 cases of benign breast lesions and the results are as followings. 1. Only 27.9% of all cases consisted of pure fibroadenoma in contrast to 57.5% in the original diagnosis. 2. Fibrocystic disease frequently contained foci of fibroadenoma showing varied stages (68.3%), and the younger age group presented more wide areas of fibroadenoma. 3. The most common feature of the fibrocystic disease was fibrosis, followed by cystic change, adenosis and epithelial hyperplasia in order of frequency. 4. Fibroadenoma may be a form of a spectrum produced by hormonal imbalance, and better classified as a nonneoplastic lesion.

To investigate the microvascular changes in primary pulmonary hypertension, the lungs of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by an intraperitoneal injection of 2% monocrotaline(MCT) solution and then examined with scanning electron microscopy(SEM) after microvascular corrosion casting. Histologic examination revealed significant medial thickening in the small to medium-sized pulmonary arteries. Scanning electron microscopic findings of the normal lungs showed two kinds of microvascular structures. One showed a well-fortned three-dimensional basket structure of uniform flat-tubular alveolar capillaries, which were connected to each other in a T or Y shape or at right angles. The other revealed a two-dimensional reticular sheet of round tubular branches mainly in the bronchial artery-supplying regions. The MCT-treated groups(remodelling) showed apparent changes in both kinds of microvasculatures in comparison to the normal group but the more prominent change was found in Lbe bronchial artery microvasculature showing the dense thick encasement around large pulmonary arteries. Alveolar microvasculature of the pulmonary artery revealed individually enlarged angular appearance, with generally deformed alveolar architecture. Quantitatively, the significant enlargement of diameter and intercapillary distance appeared in both microvasculatures of MCT-induced rat lungs, but the density was increased only in the bronchial artery microvasculature. In conclusion, our three-dimensional microvascular study of the MCT-treated rat lungs demonstrates a new morphologic finding of vascular remodeling in primary puhnonary hypertension, which is thought to play an important vascular role in the pathogenesis in addition to interstitial fibrosis.
Rats ; Animals

The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the histopathologic findings of shark liver oil-induced lipoid pneumonia, and to determine whether shark liver oil is absorbed through lymphatics and the venous system or not. A single intratracheal administration of shark liver oil (0.6 ml/kg of B.W.) was given to Sprague-Dawley rats. They were then sacrificed sequentially from 1 hour to 12 weeks after injection. We investigated the chest radiographic findings, the serum total lipid concentration of blood obtained by cardiac puncture, lipid-laden alveolar macrophage index of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the histopathology of tracheobronchial lymph nodes and the lung (Oil red O stain & H&E stain). Chest radiographs showed no specific findings; ill-defined hazy, linear, small patch radioopacity, air space consolidation or collapse. Thirty-six percent of the experimental rats revealed normal findings. Within the lung, the shark liver oil appeared either as highly emulsified fine granules in the cytoplasm of the alveolar macrophage or as free, round oil masses. The area of the lung accumulated with lipid material was maximized 1 week after injection, and then decreased thereafter. The tissue reactions were cuboidal metaplasia of the alveolar lining, widening and lymphocytic infiltration of the alveolar septa and granuloma formation (3% of experimental rats) as a reaction to a foreign body. There were also lung abscesses due to superimposed bacterial infection (5% of experimental rats). With time after the injection of the oil, the serum total lipid tended to increase and the intracellular lipid of the alveolar macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid tended to decrease. In summary, the histopathologic findings of the lung in the experimental lipoid pneumonia were interstitial chronic inflammation and granulomas with the presence of lipoid material in the lung parenchyma, and shark liver oil appeared to be absorbed in the blood and the lymph, then metabolized.
Animals ; Bacterial Infections ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cytoplasm ; Foreign Bodies ; Granuloma ; Inflammation ; Liver* ; Lung ; Lung Abscess ; Lymph Nodes ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Metaplasia ; Pneumonia* ; Punctures ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sharks*

Beta-2-microglubulin(beta 2m), the invariable light chain of the histocompatibility antigen is present on the surfaces of most human nucleated cells. It has proved to be reduced or disappeared on the cell surfaces of variable skin cancers. Patterns of beta 2m stainability in normal uterus and of the loss in several cervical epithelial lesions were examined by immunohistochemical staining using rat monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal anti-beta 2m, repectively on fresh tissues of 13 cases and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 23 cases. To know patterns of loss of beta 2m stainability and measure its extent and degree, only fixed tissues were examined. Fresh uterine tissue showed beta 2m stainability present on the cell membranes of squamous epithelium, endocervical gland, and capillary endothelium. Of these, squamous epithelium of uterine cervix revealed most characteristic lace-like staining along the cell outlines. Paraffin-embedded 23 cases were classified as group I (6 normal conrol and metaplasia), II (5 mild and moderate dysplasia), III (6 severe dysplasia and carcinome in situ), and IV ( 6 microinvasive and invasive squamous cell carcinoma). Group 2-4 showed reduced beta 2m stainability when compared to group 1 that exhibited the similar stainability as fresh normal cervical epithelium. The reduction or less proved to be statistically significant(p-value<0.001) in group 3 and 4 except for group 2. In spite of being invasive cases, a few disclosed beta 2m positive cells mainly in well-differentiated areas. In sum, ABC immunohistochemical staining of beta 2m showed the tendency tend to decrease or disappear in uterine cervical epithelial lesions with premalignant or malignant change and rather to appear in some well-differentiated areas of malignant lesions.
Humans ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Animals

Lipomatous tumors represent a common group of neoplasm in adult life usually presented as a mass. Authors reviewed 872 benign liopmatous tumors and 39 liposarcomas in the Department of pathology, SNUH during last 10 years (1978-1987). Among the benign lipomatous tumors, the ordinary lipomas consisted of 80.8%, followed by angiolipomas (11.4%), fibrolipomas (2.3%), intramuscular lipomas (1.8%), and angiomyolipomas (1.4%). Most of the benign lipomatous tumors occurred at adult life and were rare in infancy and childhood except for lipoblastoma. In our series, the peak age of liposarcoma at the time presentation was 50 to 60 years, and the youngest age was 17 years. The myxoid type was the most common and it accounted for 38.5% of the cases. The two major sites were the extremities and retroperitoneum. Thirteen cases out of 39 liposarcomas had recurred and 2 cases had lymph node metastases at the time of presentation.
Child ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis