Acute cerebral infarctions are rare in children, however, they can occur as a complication of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection due to direct invasion, vasculitis, or a hypercoagulable state. We report on the case of a 5-year-old boy who had an extensive stroke in multiple cerebrovascular territories 10 days after the diagnosis of MP infection. Based on the suspicion that the cerebral infarction was associated with a macrolide-resistant MP infection, the patient was treated with levofloxacin, methyl-prednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and enoxaparin. Despite this medical management, cerebral vascular narrowing progressed and a decompressive craniectomy became necessary for the patient's survival. According to laboratory tests, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical manifestations, the cerebral infarction in this case appeared to be due to the combined effects of hypercoagulability and cytokineinduced vascular inflammation.
Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Diagnosis ; Enoxaparin ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Inflammation ; Levofloxacin ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Stroke ; Thrombophilia ; Thrombosis ; Vasculitis

No abstract available.
Growth Plate*

Granulocytic sarcoma is an uncommon extramedullary localized tumor composed of granulocytic precursor cells. The majority of cases have been reported in association with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) especially in children, but infrequently may occur in patients with myeloproliferative disorders or myelodysplastic syndromes. Most common sites of involvement were bone, soft tissue, lymph nodes and skin, but gastrointestinal tract, testis, central nervous system are also involved rarely. We present an unusual case of granulocytic sarcoma of the intracranium and the retro-orbital soft tissue occurring in a patient with concurrent myelodysplastic syndrome, diagnosed by brain magnetic resonance images and ultrasound guided needle biopsy.
Biopsy, Needle ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Child ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Sarcoma, Myeloid* ; Skin ; Testis ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Infectious Mononucleosis*

No abstract available.
Resuscitation* ; Shock, Hemorrhagic*

BACKGROUND: Morphine for the intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) provides effective postoperative pain control, but it has side effects such as itching, nausea and vomiting. Meanwhile, butorphanol, a synthetic potent agonist-antagonist narcotic with low incidence of adverse side effects and minimal addiction, produce adequate analgesia for postoperative pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the suitability of butorphanol combining with or without morphine with that of morphine in terms of relieving postoperative pain and incidence of side effects. METHODS: Sixty ASA physical status I or II female patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy were randomly allocated into one of three groups according to type of drug used (n=20 for each group). The groups were divided to group M (morphine 100 mg), group M B (morphine 50 mg+butorphanol 10 mg) and group B (butorphanol 20 mg). Drugs for each group mixed with 90 ml of normal saline (total amount: 100 ml) for infusion. Loading dose, PCA dose, lockout interval, mode of infusion was 0.05 ml/kg, 0.02 ml/kg, 8 minute, and PCA only, respectively. In each group, visual analog scale (VAS), pain score, sedation score, degree of satisfaction, total amount of drug used, history of attempt/injetion and incidence of side effects were checked. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in analgesic effects and degree of satisfaction among three groups, but incidence of side effects (especially pruritis) were less in group M+B and B compared with group M (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Butorphanol showed comparable postoperative pain relief and marked less side effects compared with morphine. Butorphanol was considered as a useful drug for postoperative pain relief using IV-PCA.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Analgesics ; Butorphanol* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Pruritus ; Visual Analog Scale ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Recent reports suggest that the intake of vitamin D and calcium may influence insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of vitamin D and calcium intervention on the improvement of blood glucose and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), serum 25(OH)D3, serum lipid levels, insulin secretion, and activity and dietary surveys were analyzed in type 2 DM patients both before and after a 12-week vitamin D and calcium intake intervention. RESULTS: The serum 25(OH)D3 level was found to be negatively correlated with insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose. Calcium intake level was also negatively correlated with insulin resistance. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly (P <0.05) following vitamin D and calcium intake intervention in the medical nutrition therapy (MNT) group, while there was no such change observed in the control group. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes were significantly (P <0.05) higher in the MNT group than in the control group. The concentrations of serum 25(OH)D3 and insulin secretion increased slightly in the MNT group following the 12-week intervention; however, these results did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that calcium and vitamin D intervention may be helpful in improving fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, serum 25(OH)D3 and HOMA-IR in patients with type 2 DM who have insufficient serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations.
Blood Glucose ; Calcium ; Calcium, Dietary ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Fasting ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Nutrition Therapy ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins

The present study was deigned to elucidate the effects of the Co-60 gamma irradiation and/or calcium-deficient diet on the periodental tissue formation in rat pups. The pregnant three-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. The experimental groups was divided into two groups, irradiation/normal diet group(Group 2) and irradiation/calcium-dificient diet group(Group 1). The abdoment of the rats at the 19th day of pregnancy were irradiated with single absorbed dose of 350 cGy. The rats pups were sacrificed on the 14th day after delivery, and the maxillae including molar tooth sections for light and trasmission electron microscopy. Some of tissue sections for light microscopy were stained immunohistochemically with anti-fibronectin antibodies. The results were as follows ; 1. In the periodontal ligament forming area, the fibroblasts of Group 2 showed irregular arrangement and low activity. The immunoreactivity between the fibroblasts and collagen fibers was decreased, compared with Group 1. The fibroblasts of Group 3 showed atrophic change and clumped nucleus. The collagen fibers showed cystic change and low immunoreactivity to the fibronetin. 2. In the cementum forming area, the cementoblasts of Group 2 showed decrease of number and atrophic change. The cementoblasts of Group 3 showed edematous change, atrophy of cytoplasm, and clumping of nucleus. 3. In the alveolar bone forming area, the bone of Group 2 was thin and various degree of immunoreactivity to the osteonectin, Group 3 showed edematous osteoblasts, fibrous degeneration of bone marrow, and weak immunoreactivity tothe osteonectin.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Atrophy ; Bone Marrow ; Collagen ; Cytoplasm ; Dental Cementum ; Diet* ; Fibroblasts ; Maxilla ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molar ; Osteoblasts ; Osteonectin ; Periodontal Ligament ; Pregnancy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Hydronephrosis*

Cosmetic lateral canthoplasty, in which the size of the eye is increased by extending the palpebral fissure and decreasing the degree of the eye slant, has become a prevalent procedure for East Asians. However, it is not uncommon for there to be complications or unfavorable results after the surgery. With this in mind, the authors have designed a surgical method to reduce complications in cosmetic lateral canthoplasty by preserving the lateral canthal angle. We discuss here the anatomy required for surgery, the surgical methods, and methods for reducing complications during cosmetic lateral canthoplasty.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Methods