The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphologic findings of the labrum and capsuloligamentous structures in the normal and unstable shoulders and to compare the effectiveness of double contrast arthrographic findings which were taken with supine and prone position. We reviewed the computerized tomographic arthrogram in 9 cases of normal shoulder and l3 cases of shoulder instability. We evaluated the shape of the labrum, the attachment of anterior capsule and the amount of capsular laxity. Capsular laxity was compared each others in normal, the unidirectional instability and the multidirectional instability. Among these materials, we simultaneously performed CT arthrogram with supine and prone position and evaluated which is more reliable and accurate. Scapular inclination was ahout 25 degrees in the supine position and ahout 60 degrees in the prone position. Normal glenoid labrum varied in size and shape, so its lack of a classic appearance might not indicate a labral tear. Variations existed in the anterior capsular attachment onto the glenoid. The anterior capsule was used to attach far away from the glenoid rim. but it might not indicate an anterior instability. With the prone position, the labral lesion took more excellent visualization due to the contrast coating on the glenoid labrum in both anterior and posterior. Anterior capsular expansion was seen well with prone position in anterior instability. In summary, for proper interpretation of the instability, awareness of the morphologic variations of the labrum and capsuloligamentous structure is important. CT double contrast arthrography with prone position has made a significant contribution to improving and easing the documentation of variety of anatomic abnormalities. Now we recommend the prone position in CT arthrogram for imaging glenoid labrum pathology in shoulder instability.
Arthrography ; Pathology ; Prone Position ; Shoulder* ; Supine Position

Bipotent progenitors for T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes are thought to exist among early precursor thymocytes or liver lymphocytes. The identification of such a progenitor population or mature NK cells in such organs remains undefined. Here we report the identification of a novel receptor of NK cells, p58 (HLA class I-specific inhibitory receptors), in fetal thymocytes and fetal liver lymphocytes. Our finding suggests the NK cells mature in the developmental stage during feta1 ontogeny. Flow cytometric analysis revealed p58 positive cells in thymocytes or in fetal liver lymphocytes and reverse transcription PCR also showed amplification of p58 RNA. The result of single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) showed it discriminates one or two base pair differences of the p58 gene. Although the question still remains as to whether the expression of p58 is due to the NK cells or natural T cells, it is clear the p58 is expressed in fetal thymocytes or liver lymphocytes. And SSCP analysis using appropriate sets of primers used in this study, is helpful to study the diversity of p58.
Base Pairing ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Liver* ; Lymphocytes* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thymocytes*

BACKGROUND: Single pass lead VDD pacing preserves atrioventricular synchrony with a single lead system which incorporates floating atrial electrodes. The objectives of this study were to measure whether different body postures and physical activities cause significant changes of the atrial electrogram amplitudes and to evaluate the effectiveness of its atrial sensing, ventricular sensing and pacing. METHOD: Prospective study was done in 7 patients with high degree AV block and normal sinus node function in whom a single lead VDD pacing system was implanted. The P wave amplitude was been measured in different condition during follow-up period. RESULTS: 1) During follow-up period, the P wave amplitude showed variation with changes in posture and respiration, but there was no consistent increase or decrease in amplitude. The lowest P wave amplitude was above the minimal atrial sensing value of 0.2 mV. 2) The percentage of atrial synchronous ventricular pacing recorded in Holter ECG and during Treadmill exercise test was more than 99%. 3) Atrial oversensing or VA cross sensing were not observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite floating atrial electrode, the single pass lead VDD pacing maintains reliable atrial sensing and ventricular pacing in different body position and physical activity, so it may offer an excellent alternative in patients with high grade AV block and intact sinus node function.
Atrioventricular Block ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ; Exercise Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Motor Activity* ; Posture ; Prospective Studies ; Respiration ; Sinoatrial Node

BACKGROUND: Single pass lead VDD pacing preserves atrioventricular synchrony with a single lead system which incorporates floating atrial electrodes. The objectives of this study were to measure whether different body postures and physical activities cause significant changes of the atrial electrogram amplitudes and to evaluate the effectiveness of its atrial sensing, ventricular sensing and pacing. METHOD: Prospective study was done in 7 patients with high degree AV block and normal sinus node function in whom a single lead VDD pacing system was implanted. The P wave amplitude was been measured in different condition during follow-up period. RESULTS: 1) During follow-up period, the P wave amplitude showed variation with changes in posture and respiration, but there was no consistent increase or decrease in amplitude. The lowest P wave amplitude was above the minimal atrial sensing value of 0.2 mV. 2) The percentage of atrial synchronous ventricular pacing recorded in Holter ECG and during Treadmill exercise test was more than 99%. 3) Atrial oversensing or VA cross sensing were not observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite floating atrial electrode, the single pass lead VDD pacing maintains reliable atrial sensing and ventricular pacing in different body position and physical activity, so it may offer an excellent alternative in patients with high grade AV block and intact sinus node function.
Atrioventricular Block ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ; Exercise Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Motor Activity* ; Posture ; Prospective Studies ; Respiration ; Sinoatrial Node

We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 229 cases of tuberculosis, who had been diagnosed clinically and admitted to the departmet of pediatrics, Seoul National Univeristy Children's Hospital, during the period of 6 years from October, 1985, to October, 1991. Patients with tuberculosis occupied 1.2% of the hospitalized patients. Forty-three percent of the patients were under 3 years of age. Principal involvement sites were; the lungs-26.7%, the pleura-18.8%, the central nervous system-30.6%, the abdomen-7.4%, the genito-urinary tract-1.3%, the bones and joints-3.0%, the lymph nodes-3.0%. In 147 patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were found in 33.3%, 9.2% of the patients had miliary dissemination. In pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis with lung involvement, the gastric aspirates were positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl-Neelson stain in 6.1%, and grew M. tuberculosis in 43.5%. The sputa were positive for AFB in 12.9%, culture in 18,5%. In extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the specimens from involved sites were positive for staining in 5.7%, culture in 19.3%. Twenty-one isolates of M. tuberculosis were submitted to susceptibility to 11 antituberculous drugs. Resistance to one or more drugs were found in 38.1% of the isolates. INH resistance was found in 33.3%, RFP resistance in 28.6%. We conclude that bacteriologic documentation of tuberculosis is possible in significant proportion of the pediatric patients, drug resistance of M. tuberculosis isolated from the children is high in Korea, and continued monitoring of drug resistance is required.
Child ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Medical Records ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether an elevated homocysteine (Hcy) level is associated with a worse prognosis in Korean patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 5839 patients (60.4% male, mean age 61.3±11.2 years) with CAD were enrolled from 2000 to 2010 at Gangnam Severance Hospital. CAD was diagnosed by invasive coronary angiography. Laboratory values including Hcy level were obtained on the day of coronary angiography and analyses were performed shortly after sampling. Patients were divided into two groups according to their Hcy levels. Baseline risk factors, coronary angiographic findings, length of follow-up, and composite endpoints including cardiac death (CD) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (NFMI) were recorded. 1:1 propensity score matched analysis was also performed. RESULTS: Over a mean follow-up period of 4.4±2.5 years, there were 132 composite endpoints (75 CD and 57 NFMI) with an event rate of 2.3%. Mean Hcy level was 9.9±4.3 µmol/L (normal Hcy 7.9±1.5 µmol/L and elevated Hcy 13.9±5.1 µmol/L). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed an association of elevated Hcy level with worse prognosis (p<0.0001). In addition, a multivariate Cox regression analysis showed an association of elevated Hcy level with worse prognosis for both the entire cohort (hazard ratio [HR] 2.077, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.467-2.941, p<0.0001) and the propensity score matched cohort (HR 1.982, 95% CI 1.305-3.009, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Elevated Hcy level is associated with worse outcomes in Korean patients with CAD.
Cohort Studies ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Death ; Follow-Up Studies ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Prognosis ; Propensity Score* ; Risk Factors

A 49 years old male patient suffering from liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus was admitted with complaints of chest pain and hematemesis. Three years ago, the patient received a transfusion of unknown blood components, presumed platelet concentrates. During the pretransfusion testing, we found irregular antibodies with the antibody-screening test and identified the antibody as anti-Xga. An antiglobulin test was done as a part of a cross-match and all compatible units of packed red cells were transfused. No transfusion reaction was observed.
Antibodies ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Blood Platelets ; Chest Pain ; Coombs Test ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hematemesis ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Male ; Middle Aged

No abstract available.
Hematoma* ; Liver* ; Snake Bites* ; Snakes*

Adipocytes ; Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Adult Stem Cells ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anesthesia, Local ; Biology ; Bone Marrow ; Cell Count ; Chondrocytes ; Collagen Type I ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein ; Lipectomy ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Myoblasts ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteocytes ; Osteogenesis ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Engineering

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the clinical and laboratory differences between chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (CSS) and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), highlighting CSS as a distinct pathological entity within the spectrum of salivary gland pathology. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study was conducted at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital between January 2000 and December 2022. Patients diagnosed with CSS via salivary gland biopsy were included, and those with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) or other confounding factors were excluded. Clinical and laboratory CSS profiles were compared with those of a control group of patients with typical pSS from the Korean Initiative of Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (KISS) prospective cohort study. Twenty-one with CSS and 501 patients with pSS from Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Patients with CSS were older at diagnosis, had a lower prevalence of ocular symptoms, and exhibited distinct immunological markers compared to those with pSS. Logistic regression analysis revealed that anti-Ro antibody positivity, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels, low serum complement 3 levels, and accompanying dry eye symptoms were factors distinguishing pSS from CSS. Conclusion Even after excluding IgG4-RD, CSS was significantly different from pSS in terms of clinical and laboratory findings.Recognition of these differences is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and management of CSS, underscoring its status as a distinct pathological entity among salivary gland pathologies.