No abstract available.
Female ; Methotrexate* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

No abstract available.
Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins* ; Humans ; Ovarian Diseases*

No abstract available.
Contraceptives, Oral* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gonadotropins*

STUDY DESIGN: A case of brain infarction due to occlusion of vertebral artery after cervical spine fracture is reported. OBJECTIVES: Documentation of possibility and clinical significances of brain infarction as one of grave complications after cervical spine injury. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Occlusion of vertebral artery and consequent brain infarction can be associated with cervical spine injuries because vertebral arteries course through the transverse foramina from sixth to second corvical vertebrae. Infarction of vertebrobasilar system may cause impairment of cerebral, cerebellar, or brain stem function and can occasionally bring grave functional loss, even death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case of occlusion of vertebral artery and consequent cerebral infarction after cervical spine fracture in a 66 year-old man. Brain CT and angiogram were performed. He was managed with anticoagulants. RESULTS: Neurologic deficits from brain infarction disappeared after 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Attention to the possibility of these complications and awareness of their clinical features seem to be mandatory in managing cervical spine injury patients.
Aged ; Anticoagulants ; Brain ; Brain Infarction ; Brain Stem ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Humans ; Infarction ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spine* ; Vertebral Artery*

BACKGROUND: Single pass lead VDD pacing preserves atrioventricular synchrony with a single lead system which incorporates floating atrial electrodes. The objectives of this study were to measure whether different body postures and physical activities cause significant changes of the atrial electrogram amplitudes and to evaluate the effectiveness of its atrial sensing, ventricular sensing and pacing. METHOD: Prospective study was done in 7 patients with high degree AV block and normal sinus node function in whom a single lead VDD pacing system was implanted. The P wave amplitude was been measured in different condition during follow-up period. RESULTS: 1) During follow-up period, the P wave amplitude showed variation with changes in posture and respiration, but there was no consistent increase or decrease in amplitude. The lowest P wave amplitude was above the minimal atrial sensing value of 0.2 mV. 2) The percentage of atrial synchronous ventricular pacing recorded in Holter ECG and during Treadmill exercise test was more than 99%. 3) Atrial oversensing or VA cross sensing were not observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite floating atrial electrode, the single pass lead VDD pacing maintains reliable atrial sensing and ventricular pacing in different body position and physical activity, so it may offer an excellent alternative in patients with high grade AV block and intact sinus node function.
Atrioventricular Block ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ; Exercise Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Motor Activity* ; Posture ; Prospective Studies ; Respiration ; Sinoatrial Node

BACKGROUND: Single pass lead VDD pacing preserves atrioventricular synchrony with a single lead system which incorporates floating atrial electrodes. The objectives of this study were to measure whether different body postures and physical activities cause significant changes of the atrial electrogram amplitudes and to evaluate the effectiveness of its atrial sensing, ventricular sensing and pacing. METHOD: Prospective study was done in 7 patients with high degree AV block and normal sinus node function in whom a single lead VDD pacing system was implanted. The P wave amplitude was been measured in different condition during follow-up period. RESULTS: 1) During follow-up period, the P wave amplitude showed variation with changes in posture and respiration, but there was no consistent increase or decrease in amplitude. The lowest P wave amplitude was above the minimal atrial sensing value of 0.2 mV. 2) The percentage of atrial synchronous ventricular pacing recorded in Holter ECG and during Treadmill exercise test was more than 99%. 3) Atrial oversensing or VA cross sensing were not observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite floating atrial electrode, the single pass lead VDD pacing maintains reliable atrial sensing and ventricular pacing in different body position and physical activity, so it may offer an excellent alternative in patients with high grade AV block and intact sinus node function.
Atrioventricular Block ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ; Exercise Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Motor Activity* ; Posture ; Prospective Studies ; Respiration ; Sinoatrial Node

We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 229 cases of tuberculosis, who had been diagnosed clinically and admitted to the departmet of pediatrics, Seoul National Univeristy Children's Hospital, during the period of 6 years from October, 1985, to October, 1991. Patients with tuberculosis occupied 1.2% of the hospitalized patients. Forty-three percent of the patients were under 3 years of age. Principal involvement sites were; the lungs-26.7%, the pleura-18.8%, the central nervous system-30.6%, the abdomen-7.4%, the genito-urinary tract-1.3%, the bones and joints-3.0%, the lymph nodes-3.0%. In 147 patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were found in 33.3%, 9.2% of the patients had miliary dissemination. In pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis with lung involvement, the gastric aspirates were positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl-Neelson stain in 6.1%, and grew M. tuberculosis in 43.5%. The sputa were positive for AFB in 12.9%, culture in 18,5%. In extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the specimens from involved sites were positive for staining in 5.7%, culture in 19.3%. Twenty-one isolates of M. tuberculosis were submitted to susceptibility to 11 antituberculous drugs. Resistance to one or more drugs were found in 38.1% of the isolates. INH resistance was found in 33.3%, RFP resistance in 28.6%. We conclude that bacteriologic documentation of tuberculosis is possible in significant proportion of the pediatric patients, drug resistance of M. tuberculosis isolated from the children is high in Korea, and continued monitoring of drug resistance is required.
Child ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Medical Records ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

BACKGROUND: The measurement of quality of life (QOL) is increasingly important in patients with skin diseases. However, no study has objectively analyzed these trends in the Korean literature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze original articles that measure QOL in the Korean Journal of Dermatology and to evaluate the use of QOL instruments. METHODS: We collected 14 original articles that measure QOL from the Korean Journal of Dermatology (1960 to 2008) and analyzed these articles for annual changes of the number of articles, the kind and frequency of QOL instrument, and the kind of skin disease in the articles. We also analyzed 66 original articles from the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (JAAD) (1979 to 2008) in the same way. RESULTS: In general, the number of articles that measure QOL in the Korean Journal of Dermatology increased. The articles for psoriasis and acne vulgaris accounted for 21.4% of the articles each. Dermatology-specific instruments were the most common QOL instruments used. These results were similar for the JAAD. Of the dermatology-specific instruments, the skindex-29 was used most frequently in the Korean Journal of Dermatology, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index in the JAAD. CONCLUSION: Measuring the impact of skin disease on QOL is increasingly important. Domestic assessment of QOL in skin disease using novel QOL instruments should increase to conform to international standards to allow Korean dermatologists to provide better care to their patients.
Acne Vulgaris ; Dermatology ; Humans ; Psoriasis ; Quality of Life ; Skin Diseases

PURPOSE: Because of the volume of elective sterilizations performed in the world during the past decade, the vasectomy was a popular method for male sterilization in Korea and this, in turn, had been followed by an increase in the number of patient requiring vasectomy reversal with the high rate of subsequent divorce and remarriage. Recently, many authors have reported high success rates of vasovasostomy using microsurgical techniques and we performed modified two layer vasovasostomy with intravasal silicone tube to increase postoperative patency and pregnacy rate. METHODS: Microscopic vasovasostomy was performed in 9 patients at our department using modified two layer vasovasostomy with silicone tube insertion. Their ages ranged from 28 to 44 with an average of 35.78+/-1.36 years. Standard Guibor silicone tube, consisting of two 17.7cm, 0.064cm diameter, malleable, stainless steel probes connected by 29cm of silicone tubing wedged onto disposable probes, were used in all cases. RESULTS: Success rates were 88.8% for patency and pregnancy 44.4% for pregnancy in modified two layer vasovasostomy with silicone tube insertion. The patency rates were higher in cases of long postoperative day and in cases of short duration of vasectomy and vasovasostomy. CONCLUSION: We used a modified method to correspond the patency and pregnancy rate in microscopical modified two layer vasovasostomy using the intravasal silicone tube permanently. This method brings normal patency in microsurgical vasovasostomy because the silicone tube prevent obstruction of anastomosed site of the vas permanently.
Divorce ; Humans ; Korea ; Marriage ; Microsurgery ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Silicones ; Stainless Steel ; Sterilization, Reproductive ; Vasectomy ; Vasovasostomy

OBJECTIVE: Appropriate evaluation of hypertension is important in the patients with a stroke because hypertension is a major cause of a stroke. Blood pressure may be falsely elevated or depressed immediately after a stroke, depending on the severity of neurological deficit, mobility, and physical activity, and the level of consciousness. To overcome this problem, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has been proposed as a method of obtaining a more accurate clinical assessment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The present study was performed in an acute stage of stroke patients to assess the manifestation of 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure, to observe the nocturnal blood pressure fall and to evaluate the relationship of blood pressure degree on admission and nocturnal blood pressure dip. Thirty four patients admitted within 24 hours after onset of acute stroke were involved in this study. 24 Hour blood pressure monitoring device was installed on an independent arm by oscillometric method as soon as brain imaging study was performed. ABPM readings were obtained each 30 minutes during daytime and each 1 hour during nighttime with electrocardiography. Each patients were classified as the presence or absence of hypertension. We examined nocturnal blood pressure dip and mean pressure of 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure. RESULTS: 1)This study demonstrated that comparing daytime with nighttime 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure, 20 of 24 patients (83%) with acute stroke with hypertension, did not show nocturnal blood pressure dip, and there was sustained high nocturnal blood pressure in patients with acute stroke with hypertension. 2)There were significant differences between 24 hour ambulatory mean daytime blood pressure and mean nighttime blood pressure in patients with acute stroke without hypertension, so was lower in nighttime (p<0.05). 3)It is likely that in acute stroke patients with hypertension, patients with higher blood pressure on admission had more abnormality of nocturnal blood pressure dip. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in patients with acute stroke, 24 hour ABPM is useful method to assess diurnal variation and evaluate hypertension in acute stage of stroke patients, and suggest that patients with acute stroke with hypertension trend to loss of nocturnal blood pressure dip.
Arm ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory* ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Consciousness ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Motor Activity ; Neuroimaging ; Reading ; Stroke*