Abscence of right superior vena cava(SVC) in visceroatrial situs solitus is a rare(0.07% to 0.13%) congenital cardiovascular malformation, and little is known about the type and frequency of additional heart defects and arrhythmias. We reviewed previous publications and report the case of 8 month old male infant with absent right superior vena cava and persistent left superior vena cava and large secundum atrial septal defect, mild pulmonary valvular stenosis.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Heart ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Vena Cava, Superior*

A review of all 919 perinatal deaths occurring in II Sin Christian Hospital From 1985 to 1989 was carried out. The results of clinical analysis were as follows: 1) The overall perinatal mortality rate was 26.30 per 1,000 birth. 2) The perinatal mortality rate was lowest in the gestation group between 37~41 week and in the weight group between 2,501~4,000 gm. 3) The perinatal mortality rate was high in the age group under 20 and 40 and more. 4) The perinatal mortality rate was increased with an increasing number of parity. 5) The majority of neonatal deaths occurred within 24 hours of life, and the most common cause of death was prematurity. 6) The most common congesital anomaly was multiple anomaly, and the most common single anomaly was anencephaly. 7) In pregnancy, the most common maternal complication was anemia.
Anemia ; Anencephaly ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality* ; Parity ; Parturition ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy

A clinical observation was performed on the 80 cases of neonates born from diabetic mothers among the total of 34,936 neonates delivered at II Sin Christian Hospital from January 1985 to December 1989. The results were as follows: 1) The incidence of infants of diabetic mothers was 0.23%, among whom gestational diabetic mothers were 63 cases (78.7%) and overt diabetic mothers were 17 cases (21.3%). 2) Among the complications of pregnancy and delivery, preeclampsia was most frequent as 33.8%, following by urinary tract infection (13.8%), polyhydramnios (1.3%), diabetic ketoacidosis (1.3%). 3) According to the gestational age, prematurity was 11.3%, full term 78.7% and post term 10%. And according to the growth state, small for date infants were 11.3%, appropriate for date infants 53.7% and large for date infants 35%. 4) The incidnece of giant babies (over 4,000 gm) was 30.0% and sex ratio of male to female was 1.1:1 in infants of diabetic mothers. 5) The most frequent clinical manifestation was tachypnea (45.3%), following by poor feeding (20.0%), cyanosis (18.7%). 6) According to the laboratory findings, 53.7% showed hypoglycemia, 36.3% hyperbilirubinemia, 25% hypocalcemia, 15% polycythemia. 7) On the chest X-ray, there were pulmonary infiltration and hyaline membrane disease in 3.2% each other and pulmonary congestion and wet lung in 1.6% each other. 8) The incidence of congenital anomaly was 13.8% in 80 cases of infants of diabetic mothers, and congenital heart disease was most frequent as 3 cases.
Cyanosis ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mothers* ; Polycythemia ; Polyhydramnios ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Edema ; Sex Ratio ; Tachypnea ; Thorax ; Urinary Tract Infections

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to identify the effect of self-foot reflexology on the relief of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in high school girls. METHOD: Study subjects was 236 women residing in the community, teachers and nurses who were older than 45 were recruited. Data was collected with self administered questionnaires from July 1st to August 31st, 2003 and analysed using SPSS/WIN 10.0 with Xtest, t-test, and stepwise multiple logistic regression at a significant level of =.05. RESULT: The breast cancer screening rate was 57.2%, and repeat screening rate was 15.3%. With the multiple logistic regression analysis, factors associated with mammography screening were age and perceived barriers of action, and factors related to the repeat mammography screening were education level and other cancer screening experience. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we recommend the development of an intervention program to decrease the perceived barrier of action, to regard mammography as an essential test in regular check-up, and to giveactive advertisement and education to the public to improve the rates of breast cancer screening and repeat screening.
Adolescent ; Dysmenorrhea/*therapy ; Female ; *Foot ; Humans ; *Massage ; Premenstrual Syndrome/*therapy

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to identify the effect of self-foot reflexology on the relief of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in high school girls. METHOD: Study subjects was 236 women residing in the community, teachers and nurses who were older than 45 were recruited. Data was collected with self administered questionnaires from July 1st to August 31st, 2003 and analysed using SPSS/WIN 10.0 with Xtest, t-test, and stepwise multiple logistic regression at a significant level of =.05. RESULT: The breast cancer screening rate was 57.2%, and repeat screening rate was 15.3%. With the multiple logistic regression analysis, factors associated with mammography screening were age and perceived barriers of action, and factors related to the repeat mammography screening were education level and other cancer screening experience. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we recommend the development of an intervention program to decrease the perceived barrier of action, to regard mammography as an essential test in regular check-up, and to giveactive advertisement and education to the public to improve the rates of breast cancer screening and repeat screening.
Adolescent ; Dysmenorrhea/*therapy ; Female ; *Foot ; Humans ; *Massage ; Premenstrual Syndrome/*therapy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sexual knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction of sex education in university freshman. METHODS: The participants were 275 freshman students under the age of 20 years old. Data were collected in 2017 using a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: The average scores of participants' sexual knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction of sex education were 24.22±4.94 out of 38 points, 90.81±15.86 out of 168 points, and 11.05±3.08 out of 20 points, respectively. With respect to the demographic characteristics, there were statically significant differences in sexual knowledge according to chances of relationship engagement (F=6.19, p=.002) and residence type (F=3.67, p=.013). Both sexual attitudes and satisfaction of sex education showed significant differences by major (t=3.20, p=.002; t=2.65, p=.009), types of high school (F=3.39, p=.019; F=3.53, p=.015), and interest in previous sex education during teenage years (F=2.88, p=.015; F=6.22, p<.001). Sexual knowledge showed a statistically significant correlation with attitudes (r=.153, p=.011). CONCLUSION: There is insufficient sex information available for college students. It is necessary in the future to develop sex education programs that are matched to college students' needs.
Education ; Humans ; Sex Education ; Sexuality

With a purpose to find out natural transition of endemicity of Malayan filariasis in inland Korea, a survey was conducted in June 1980 in Isan-Myeon of Yongpung-Gun (former Yongju-Gun) where an epidemiological investigation had been carried out in 1973 without any control activities such as chemotherapy. Five sample villages were surveyed for microfilaremia by 20 microliter night blood examination among inhabitants and the results of the surveys conducted in 1973 and 1980 were compared to determine natural transition of the endemicity of malayan filariasis during the period of the last 7 years. The current microfilaria rate among inhabitants in the 5 villages was 2.2 percent on the average (male: 1.6 percent, female: 2.8 percent) from 370 persons examined. By village, the rates were 5.9 percent (number of persons examined: 34) in Baranggol, 0 percent (30) in Guitonggl, 4.2 percent (72) in Alseonggol, 0 percent(65) in Jangjagol and 1.8 percent (169) in Saehae. Extremely low microfilaria rate was noted in young age groups. By age group, no positive case was found in those age groups below 30-39 years except 10-14 age group in which 2 positives (4.4 percent) were found. Two positives each were found in the respective age groups of 40-49(3.2 percent), 50-59 (4.4 percent) and over 60 (3.4 percent). In evaluation of the natural transition of the endemicity during the period of the last 7 years, the microfilaria rate turned out from 13.1 percent in 1973 to 2.2 percent in 1980. The difference in the microfilaria rate was 10.9 percent and the natural reduction rate per year was 1.6 percent on the average. From the examination of 35 cases which had revealed microfilaremia 7 years ago, 85.7 percent(30) of them were found to have converted to microfilaria negatives. On the other hand, from the 151 cases which had revealed no microfilaria in 1973, only 0.7 percent (1) of them was found to have converted to microfilaria positive. In the intensity of microfilaremia, the number of microfilaria/20 microliter blood per positive case was 11.0 in 1973 and 9.1 in 1980. The number of microfilaria/20 microliter per examinee was 1.4 in 1973 and 0.2 in 1980, thus reduced to 1/7 during the period of the 7 years. The retarding endemicity of malayan filariasis in inland Korea was considered to be resulted in by the gradual increase of environmental factors in relation to ecology of vector mosquitoes, which adversely affect to the transmission of malayan filariasis. Followings are suggested to be the factors which control the transmission of the malayan filariasis in this area: Inhabitants are the only natural final host of Brugia malayi infection in this area, gradual elevation of living standards of the inhabitants, gradual awakening of consciousness and behavior among inhabitants to protect themselves from mosquito biting using such as mosquito nets and insecticide sprays, preference of animal bait of vector mosquitoes, Anopheles sinensis, increase in number of domestic animals and fowls being raised in the village areas which play a major part of blood donors to vector mosquitoes, and relatively short (3-4 months) period of mosquito season in a year.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Brugia malayi ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVE: This study was done to evaluate the risk factors associated with recurrence after first-ever stroke. METHOD: We retrospectively studied 256 first-ever stroke patients treated in Dong-Eui hospital from March 1997 to February 1998. Telephone or out-patient interviews were performed with these patients regarding stroke recurrence and treatment for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. These were divided into two groups, those with recurrence and those without. Evaluated risk factors for stroke recurrence were the following: history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, smoking, alcohol drinking, and transient ischemic attack; clinical findings at admission of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, type and location of stroke; treatment compliance for diabetes mellitus and hypertension after discharge. RESULTS: The recurrence rate after first-ever stroke was 12.9%. In univariate analysis, significant risk factors for stroke recurrence were history of smoking, clinical findings at admission of diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and non-compliance with therapy for diabetes mellitus and hypertension after discharge (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for stroke recurrence were atrial fibrillation at admission (odds ratio=3.43) and non-compliance with therapy for hypertension after discharge (odds ratio=7.51)(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: History of smoking, clinical findings at admission of diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and non-compliance with therapy for diabetes mellitus and hypertension after discharge are considered to be important factors for recurrence of stroke. So treatment and education for those factors associated with stroke recurrence are needed during rehabilitation program.
Alcohol Drinking ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Compliance ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Outpatients ; Recurrence* ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke* ; Telephone

OBJECTIVE: Fracture has been reported as one of complicated problems in stroke patients. The purpose of this study is to provide epidemiologic data on fractures in stroke patients and investigate the specific feature of these fractures. METHOD: Stroke patients treated in Dong-Eui hospital due to fracture after stroke from March 1990 to March 1999 were enrolled in this study, and the retrospective study of fracture was performed on these patients. RESULTS: Subjects were 73 fracture patients with history of previous stroke. There were 50 patients with ischemic stroke and 23 patients with hemorrhagic stroke. And 35 patients were right hemiplegia, 38 patients were left hemiplegia. In this study, the causes of fracture were slip (63 cases, 86.3%), fall (6 cases, 8.2%), range of motion exercise (3 cases, 4.1%), and crushing injury (1 case, 1.4%). The frequency of fracture in patients who walk independently or with minimal to moderate assist was higher than in patients who walk with maximal assist or were bed-ridden state. In 65 patients, the fracture occured on the same side of hemiplegia. The distribution of fracture site was femur (45 cases, 61.6%), humerus (12 cases, 16.4%), and radius (3 cases) in the order of frequency. The interval between stroke and occurrence of fracture were less than 6 months in 34 cases (46.6%), 6 months to 1 year in 10 cases (13.7%), 1 to 2 years in 13 cases (17.8%), and 2 to 20 years in 16 cases (21.9%). CONCLUSION: As with our study, the fracture in stroke patient tend to occur within the first year after a stroke as a result of slip and the most frequently affected site is femur of hemiplegic side.
Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Femur ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Humerus ; Radius ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Blepharoplasty* ; Eyelids* ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell*