Though basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent and increasing malignant tumor of the skin in Korea, its pathological analysis has been done only on the small numbers. So, we did a comprehensive pathologic study on the 283 patients with basal cell carcinoma diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Seoul National(233cases) and Chung-Ang(50cases) University Hospital during 1975-1992. The age distribution was ranged from 15 to 84 years with highest incidence rate in the age group of 5th-8th decades and 83.7% of all patients were over 40 years of age. Sex difference was not noted. The most common site was face occuring in 235 out of 283cases(83.0%) especially in the eyelid(25.5%), nose(17.9%) and cheek(16.6%). The most frequent histopathologic type was solid type(54.0%) followed by mixed(23.9%), adenoid(7.5%), and metatypical(4.7%). Among 51 mixed type, all showed solid components with adenoid(51.0%) followed by morphea(25.5%) and metatypical type(13.7%). And among 14 recurrent cases, solid type is found in 50% of cases. The characteristic clinicopathological findings are solid arrangement of tumor cells with various histological pattern and predominant occurence on the face.
Incidence

PURPOSE: Live/killed mycobacteria and culture supernatants can suppress asthmatic reactions. This study investigated whether mycobacterial secretory proteins have therapeutic effects on asthma. METHODS: Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG; 2x105 CFUs) and mycobacterial secretory proteins (Ag85 complex, 38-kDa protein or MPB70; 4 or 20 microg) were administered intraperitoneally to female BALB/c mice with established airway hyperresponsiveness. One week after treatment, the mice underwent a methacholine challenge test, and then inflammatory cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and around bronchi (<500 microm), and cytokine levels in splenocyte supernatants, were assessed. RESULTS: BCG and all of the tested secretory proteins significantly improved airway sensitivity compared to baseline values (P<0.05). The secretory protein Ag85 complex significantly suppressed airway reactivity also (P<0.05), while 38-kDa protein significantly suppressed reactivity and maximal narrowing (P<0.05). The number of eosinophils in BAL and around bronchi, and the goblet cell proportion, were also significantly reduced in mice in both the BCG and secretory protein groups compared to the asthma control group. IFN-gamma/IL-5 ratios were significantly higher in mice treated with BCG, 4 microg MPB70 or 4 microg 38-kDa protein than in asthma control mice (P<0.05), and were negatively associated with airway hyperresponsiveness, peribronchial eosinophil numbers and goblet cell proportion (all P<0.05). IL-17A was positively correlated with IL-5 (r=0.379, P<0.001), maximal airway narrowing, peribronchial eosinophil numbers and goblet cell proportion (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Secretory proteins from BCG and M. tuberculosis and live BCG were effective against established asthma, their effects being accompanied by increased IFN-gamma/IL-5 ratios. Thus, allergic asthma could be effectively treated with mycobacterial secretory proteins.
Animals ; Asthma ; Bronchi ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cell Count ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Indoles ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukin-5 ; Methacholine Chloride ; Mice ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Proteins ; Tuberculosis

OBJECTIVE: The fusion procedure can be an option on reoperative HNP cases. It is done routinely or on case-by-case basis. There have been no clear guideline and results about the instability rate that really needs fusion procedure. This study is done to clarify the need of fusion procedure and prognosis in the reoperation of lumbar disc herniation by regarding stability rate. METHODS: Total 27 cases with reoperative lumbar disc surgery were reviewed. Instability was tested preoperatively with X-ray findings which method was proposed by Dupuis in 1976. All operative procedures were done under microscopic magnification. The laminectomy and facetectomy amount was measured by the difference between the pre and postoperative X-ray findings. The stability test and final outcome were rated at least 6 months after the reoperation. The final results were categorized into excellent, good, fair, poor group according to the back, leg pain, walking ability, restriction of average daily life and use of analgesics. RESULTS: The average translation were 4.95%(flexion) with 5.04%(extension) for lumbar joints and 3.39%(flexion) with 4.17%(extension) for lumbosacral junction. Average flexion angulation were -2.3degrees for lumbar joints and 9.1degrees for lumbar sacral junction. The average amount of removed facet joint was 10.2%. Average 68.1% of facet joint remains after the reoperation. CONCLUSION: Fusion procedure is needed only in limited cases of recurrent disc herniation for the reason of possible instability. Routine fusion procedure should be avoided regarding stability problem. In literatures, the fusion rates shows extreme ranges from 0 to 100 % according to the authors. The prognosis was comparable with previous reports where most of the average good or excellent outcomes were ranging 60~70% of the cases without fusion procedures.
Analgesics ; Joints ; Laminectomy ; Leg ; Prognosis* ; Reoperation ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Walking ; Zygapophyseal Joint

No abstract available.
Cushing Syndrome* ; Hyperplasia*

No abstract available.
Aflatoxin B1* ; Aflatoxins* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: Live Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has a suppressive effect on asthma, but its use in clinical practice may be limited due to adverse reactions. To develop a product that is effective for suppressing asthma with minimal adverse reactions, we investigated whether the heat-killed body or culture supernatants of mycobacteria could also prevent asthma development. METHODS: Female BALB/c mice were treated with live BCG, the heat-killed body, or culture supernatants of BCG or Mycobacterium tuberculosis intraperitoneally, while sensitizing and provoking with ovalbumin. Then they underwent a methacholine bronchoprovocation test, and the peribronchial inflammatory cell numbers and cytokine levels in splenocyte culture supernatants were assessed. RESULTS: The airway sensitivity to methacholine decreased significantly after treatment with not only live BCG (30.8 versus 10.0 mg/mL, P<0.001) but also with the culture supernatant (BCG, 23.0 mg/mL, P<0.05; M. tuberculosis, 20.5 mg/mL, P<0.05). In contrast, heat-killed mycobacteria did not effectively decrease airway sensitivity. The peribronchial eosinophil counts and the goblet cell proportions in total epithelial cells decreased significantly in most of the groups. The interferon-gamma/interleukin-5 ratios increased significantly in most of the treatment groups except for the heat-killed groups, and were significantly related to airway sensitivity (r=0.312, P<0.01) and peribronchial eosinophil counts (r=-0.416, P<0.001). Interleukin-17A level was inversely related to airway sensitivity (r=-0.212, P<0.05) and was significantly lower in the live BCG group than in the control (137+/-20 versus 308+/-57 pg/mL, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BCG and mycobacteria culture supernatants may effectively prevent the development of asthma associated with altered Th1/Th2 cytokines and interleukin-17A levels.
Animals ; Asthma ; BCG Vaccine ; Cell Count ; Cytokines ; Eosinophils ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Interferons ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukins ; Methacholine Chloride ; Mice ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Ovalbumin ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Actinobacteria/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Bacteremia/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

This study was performed to find out the effect projection errors on cephalometric linear and angular measurements according to head rotation during taking lateral cephalometric radiography. Seventeen skulls with permanent dentition and on gross asymmetry were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Chosun University. Total 527 x-ray films were taken with 1degrees interval from the reference position(0degrees) to 15degrees around the vertical axis (Z axis) which is perpendicular to the midpoint of the connecting the center of two ear rods in submento-vertex direction. Statistical analysis was performed by paired t-test if there were statistically significant differences between the mean of the reference position(0degrees) and that of each rotation angle. The following results were obtained. 1. The projection errors of angular measurements were smaller than those of linear measurements. 2. The projection errors of angular measurements including midline landmarks were smaller than those including bilateral landmarks. 3. The horizontal linear measurements were gradually decreased when the skull was rotated toward the film, but slightly increased and then decreased when the skull was rotated toward the focal spot. However, the changes were smaller in focal direction. 4. The projection errors of horizontal linear measurements were larger than those of vertical linear measurements. 5. The projection errors of vertical linear measurements were increased with increased distance form the rotation axis to vertical measurements. It is concluded that the use of angular measurements rather than linear measurements is recommended to minimize the projection errors.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Dentition, Permanent ; Ear ; Head* ; Radiography ; Schools, Medical ; Skull ; X-Ray Film

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of a set of self-reported questionnaires for periodontitis for estimating the prevalence of chronic adult periodontitis in the Korean population. METHODS: The questionnaire is comprised of a total of 14 questions with four summarized concepts including self-diagnosis of oral status, subjective signs related to oral health, smoking and drinking status, and use of auxiliary oral hygiene devices including scaling. The predictiveness of the measures from these self-reported questions was assessed by logistic regression modeling using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistics, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC including all questions were 0.571, 0.768, and 0.781, respectively; the sum of sensitivity and specificity was 1.34. To gain robustness, a simplified predictive model was built with six questions. Its results were 0.536, 0.817, and 0.762 for sensitivity, specificity, and AUC, respectively. The sum of sensitivity and specificity was found to be 1.35. CONCLUSIONS: The self-reported questionnaire for periodontitis showed considerable validity, but further study is required to provide optimal validity and predictability.
Area Under Curve ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Drinking ; Logistic Models ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontitis* ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Smoke ; Smoking

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a self-administered questionnaire survey to determine its validity and reliability as well as to improve the instructions for measurement of periodontal disease during oral examination for reliably calculating the prevalence of periodontal disease. METHODS: The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and the WINSTEPS program that employs the Rasch model to evaluate validity and reliability of the instrument. RESULTS: We developed a self-administered questionnaire survey consisting of 14 questions based on NHANES. We confirmed the reliability by testing and re-testing the questionnaire survey using selfadministered methods. The average Kappa index obtained was 0.73, which indicated a relatively high reliability. CONCLUSIONS: Reliability and validity of the self-administered assessment tool for periodontal disease developed for the local situation/circumstances of Korea is suitable to be applied for oral examination of a large population. Moreover, the questionnaire survey for periodontal disease could be used to acquire data for constructing a database for oral health policy development.
Diagnosis, Oral ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys ; Oral Health ; Periodontal Diseases* ; Policy Making ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Reproducibility of Results*