The subject were 653 male patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea at the VD Clinic of Choong Ku Public Health Center in Seoul from January to November 1985. 653 male patients with uncomplicated gonococcal infection were treated one of the following regimens. Five treatment regimens used were 2, 0 gm spectinomycin single 1M, 4 0 mega unit fortified procain penicillin G+2. 0 gm kanamycin sulfate IM preceded by 1 pgm probenecid PO, 6.0 mega unit fortified procain penicillin G+2 pgm kanamycin sulfate IM preceded by 1. 0 gm probenecid PO, 5, 0 rnega unit aqueous crystaline penicillin+2. 0 gm kanamycin sulfate irn preceded by 1, 0 gm probenecid PO and 9 tablets of cotrimoxazole+ 2. 0 gm kanamycin sulfate IM. There were no significant differences in the incidence of PGU among the five treatment groups. The overall PGU rate was 67.3% 59.2% and 53.6% at 3~5, 7~10 and 14 days after treatment respectively. The incidence of PGU at 7-10 days was not significantly higher than that of at 14 days after treatment. It is suggested that it is best to test PGU at 7 days after treatment. Because the longer one waits, the harder to follow the patients, and in earlier period, post-inflammatory irritation might be too frequent. It is also suggested that at 3 5 days after treatment examination of urethritis might serve to compare the effect of treatment regimens on the incidence of PGU.
Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kanamycin ; Male ; Penicillins ; Probenecid ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Spectinomycin ; Tablets ; Urethritis*

INTRODUCTION: Excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy are key features of narcolepsy. Modafinil is psychostimulant used in the treatment of narcolepsy. In this study, we evaluated effects of modafinil on nocturnal sleep structure and sleep latency in multiple sleep latency test and clinical features. METHODS: Twelve narcoleptic patients (7 male, age: 22.9 +/- 2.6 yrs) were participated in the study. All of them had done nocturnal polysomnography (nPSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), clinical symptoms scales and have repeated same procedure after taking 200 mg of modafinil. We have done linear mixed model analysis to describe effects of group, medication and nap time on these measures. RESULTS: Modafinil did not affect clinical scales except PSQI which had been reduced after medication. In this study, Modafinil reduced total sleep time, sleep efficiency and increased wake after sleep onset and percent of arousal during sleep in nocturnal polysomnography and prolonged mean sleep latency in multiple sleep latency tests in both group. DISCUSSION: Modafinil has stimulant effect of central nervous system but its effect on night sleep is less than other psychostimulants such as methylphenidate. We ascertained that modafinil affected total sleep time, sleep efficiency and percent of wake during sleep but did not effect on sleep structure. Modafinil was effective in the management of day time sleepiness. Modafinil can enhance alertness of control group without day time sleepiness.
Arousal ; Cataplexy ; Central Nervous System ; Humans ; Male ; Methylphenidate ; Narcolepsy* ; Polysomnography ; Weights and Measures

Under the extreme change of the environment, animals react physiologically to adapt to the stress and secrete catecholamines. Cold exposure is a kind of the environmental stress. Author tried to determine the amount of catecholamines in rat urine as a parameter of physiological response to cold stress. Urinary catecholamine was measured by using HPLC with fluorescence detector, coation exchange column prepacked with Bio-Rex 70 and ammonium pentaborate as catecholamine eluent. The amount of dopamine in normal state rat urine was 42.0 ng, but under the low temperature of 5 degrees C, the dopamine amount was increased to 221.25 ng/5 ml. Above findings are suggesting that catecholamine secretion, especially dopamine, increase in the stressful condition such as cold exposure.
Ammonium Compounds ; Animals ; Catecholamines ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dopamine ; Fluorescence ; Rats*

INTRODUCTION: Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is used as a way of studying nonlinearity of EEG. In this study, DFA is applied on sleep EEG of normal subjects to look into its nonlinearity in terms of EEG channels and sleep stages. METHOD: Twelve healthy young subjects (age: 23.8+/-2.5 years old, male:female=7:5) have undergone nocturnal polysomnography (nPSG). EEG from nPSG was classified in terms of its channels and sleep stages and was analyzed by DFA. Scaling exponents (SEs) yielded by DFA were compared using linear mixed model analysis. RESULTS: Scaling exponents (SEs) of sleep EEG were distributed around 1 showing long term temporal correlation and self-similarity. SE of C3 channel was bigger than that of O1 channel. As sleep stage progressed from stage 1 to slow wave sleep, SE increased accordingly. SE of stage REM sleep did not show significant difference when compared with that of stage 1 sleep. CONCLUSION: SEs of Normal sleep EEG showed nonlinear characteristic with scale-free fluctuation, long-range temporal correlation, self-similarity and self-organized criticality. SE from DFA differentiated sleep stages and EEG channels. It can be a useful tool in the research with sleep EEG.
Electroencephalography* ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Stages ; Sleep, REM

No abstract available.

Fifty-six patients with tinea versicolor were studied clinically and therapeutically, from July 1984 to August 1985, at the Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University. L atients were treated with 20g sodium thiosulfate solution, 1g isoconazole nitrate cream, lg bifonazole cream and. oral ketoconazole. The result obtained were as follows: 1. The average age of all patients at visit was RO. 1 years, the oldest patient was 72 year-old and the youngest patient was 13 year-old. The male to female ratio was 3. 7: 1. 2. Distribution of lesions were anterior chest(26.8%), back(23.9%), abdomen (19%), axilla (17%), neck(6. 3%), pubic area(4. 2%), upper extremities(1. 4%), hip(0.7%) and lower extremities(0.7%). The incidence of hyperpigmented lesions was 76. 8%, and that of hypopigmented lesions was 23. 2g. 3. Average of treatment duration in each trial group indicated 3. 71-I--0 83 weeks (M+SD) in 20g sodium thiosulfate regimen group, 3. 07+ 0. 73 weeks in 1g isoconazole nitrate, 3.29+1.14 weeks in bifonazole, R. 00+0. 68 weeks in oral ketoconazole. No treatment results show statistically significant differences among the trial groups.
Abdomen ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Axilla ; Dermatology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ketoconazole ; Male ; Sodium ; Tinea Versicolor* ; Tinea*

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we compared sleep structure, EEG characteristic of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and normal controls which were matched in sex and age. METHODS: Fifteen children (male:female=4:11) who complained snoring and were suspected to have sleep apnea and their age and sex matched normal controls (male:female=5:10) have been done nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG). Sleep parameters, sleep apnea variables and relative spectral components of EEG from NPSG have been compared between both groups. RESULTS: Pediatric OSA group were distinguished from normal controls in terms of apnea index, respiratory disturbance index and nadir of oxyhemoglobulin desaturation. Pediatric OSA group showed increased percent of sleep stage 1, decreased rapid eye movement sleep percent and increased delta power in O1 EEG channel. However other sleep parameters and spectral powers were not different between two groups. CONCLUSION: In pediatric OSA group, sleep structure parameter disruption may be not prominent as the previous studies for adult OSA group because of including mild OSA data in diagnostic criteria. In addition, EEG changes might not be distinct due to low arousal index compared to adult OSA patients. We can observe general characteristics and particularity of pediatric OSA through this study.
Adult ; Apnea ; Arousal ; Child ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Sleep Stages ; Sleep, REM ; Snoring

The gray vibrissae of Korean males(n =189) between 15 and 75 years old and females(n =111) between-15 and 74 years old who visited the department of otorhinolaryngology, Konkuk university Chungju hospital during 1996 to 1998, were counted for the purpose of estimating approximate age range in individuals of unknown age . The lowest age appearing gray hairs in both sexes was 15-year-old. The Pearson's correlation coefficient in both sexes was 0.490 (p<0.01). The age appearing gray vibrissae in females was slightly earlier than that of males, however, the differences between right and left sides of nasal cavity were insignificant. This method of counting gray vibrissae would be useful to estimate age range in personal identification together with other methods available until now.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Female ; Hair* ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; Otolaryngology ; Vibrissae*

Scleredema is a rare scleradematosis of unknown cause involving the face, neck, upper portion of the trunk, and proximal upper extremities. The clinical features of the disease are nonpitting indurated edema or stiffness of the neck, which may be sudden or insidious in onset. Diabetes mellitus and its complications have been frequently described to be associated with this disease. We present a case of scleredema developed on the nape, upper portion of the back and shoulder in 60-year-old man who had been suffered from diabetes mellitus for the past ten years.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Edema ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Scleredema Adultorum* ; Shoulder ; Upper Extremity

Carbamazepine is a derivative of iminostilbene with carbamoyl group and related chemically to the tricyclic antidepressants. Carbamazepine has been introduced for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Recently it is used as an antiepileptic agent such as diphenylhydantoin. Antiepileptic drugs are known to affect experimentally induced cardiac arrhythmia and are now widely used clinically for treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, particularly those produced by digitalis intoxication. Steiner et al. (1970) reported that carbamazepine was found to be very effective in converting ventricular tachycardia due to digitalis toxicity to normal sinus rhythm. Clinically bradycardia, complete heart block, ventricular standstill and Adams-stokes attack were reported in the course of carbamazepine treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of carbamazepine on the ouabain-induced arrhythmia in vivo. The rabbits of either sex, weighing from 1.6 to 3.2 kg were anesthetized by urethane. After the trachea was cannulated, the rabbits were ventilated with room air using a respirator. Drugs were given into polyethylene cannula in the femoral vein. Blood pressure were recorded by physiograph via pressure tranducer connected with the cannula in the femoral artery. EKG were recorded by physiograph via electrode implanted in both fore leg and left hind leg. The results are summarized as follows 1. Arrhythmia was induced by continuous infusion of ouabain (65±8.8 µg/kg). 2. Single administration of ouabain (64 µg/kg) induced arrhythmia which was persisted for 7-8 min. 3. Ouabain induced arrhythmia was restored to normal sinus rhythm by administration of carbamazepine (the more dosage, the less frequent and the longer duration). 4. Severe bradycardia, A-V block, atrial fibrillation were seen on the EKG after injection of carbamzepine alone. By the above results, it may be concluded that carbamzepine inhibits the ouabain-induced arrhythmia by dose-dependent.
Anticonvulsants ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Carbamazepine* ; Catheters ; Digitalis ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Femoral Artery ; Femoral Vein ; Heart Block ; Leg ; Ouabain ; Phenytoin ; Polyethylene ; Rabbits* ; Tachycardia ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Trachea ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; Urethane ; Ventilators, Mechanical