PURPOSE: In patients with endometrial carcinoma, preoperative knowledge of myometrial tumor extension has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. The purpose of th is study was to assess the usefulness of meg netic resonance (MR) imaging in preoperative evaluation of myometrial invasion of early stage endometrial ca rcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging findings of 31 consecutive patients with histologicallproved endometrial carcinoma, were prospectively analyzed and compared with pathologic results. Uyometrial invasion was classified into three groups; absence of myometrial invasion, superficial and deep invasion in accordance with clinical stage IA, lB, IC respectively. RESULTS: MR imaging had an accuracy of 74.2%, a sensitivity of 85.7%, and a specificity of 70.8% in stage IA (n=7); 67.7%, 46.2%, 83.3% in stage lB (n=l 3); 93.5%, 81.8%, 100% in stage IC (n=11) respectively. Overall accuracy was 79.9%. Nine of ten incorrect cases were underestimated, and one was overestimated. Degree of invasiveness was underestimated in cases with adenomyosis, small tumor showing focal wall thickening, and faint junctional zone in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that MR imaging can be used to distinguish superficial and deep penetration of myometrium in endometrial carcinome.
Adenomyosis ; Animals ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is mainly caused by the infection of coxsackievirus A16. But recently several epidemics of HFMD with meningitis or myocarditis due to enterovirus 71 have been reported in Southeast Asia. It was necessary that the possibility of enterovirus 71 epidemic in Korea should be ruled out. This study was designed for the determination of causative agents of HFMD in Cheju province in the spring of 1998. METHODS: Serum specimens were collected from 45 pediatric patients with HFMD at Cheju Hankook Hospital in March and April,1998. Virus isolation was performed with RD cell culture through up to three passages. Reverse transcription-PCR and nucleotide sequencing were performed by the method of Oberste et al.(J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:1288-93). The serotypes of viral isolates were determined by BLAST program of National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S.A. RESULTS: Virus could be isolates from 4 patients, whose age was ranged from 11 months to 3 years. All of 4 viral isolates showed about 430-bp product of RT-PCR using primers 011 and 012. The serotype showing the highest similarity with the nucleotide sequences of all of these viral isolates was coxsackievirus A16. CONCLUSIONS: The causative enteroviral agent of HFMD in Cheju province in the spring of 1998 was coxsackievirus A16. We could not detect enterovirus 71 from the patients' sera in Cheju Province in the spring of 1998.
Asia, Southeastern ; Base Sequence ; Biotechnology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Enterovirus ; Humans ; Jeju-do* ; Korea ; Meningitis ; Myocarditis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

PURPOSE: This study was founded to identify perception and ways of coping with stress according to classification of Sasangin(4 constitutions). METHOD: The subjects were 258 regular students who majored in oriental medicine in Jechon and Seoul. Data was collected by 3 types of questionnaires for 3 months; Perceived stess, ways of coping, Questionnaires of Sasang Constitution Classification (QSCC II). Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 10. RESULT: 1) Difference of perceived stress in Sasangin: Perceived stress by the Sasangin indicated that Soeumin perceived more stress than Soyangin and Taeumin(P=0.013). 2) Different method in coping with stress of Sasangin: It was found that Soeumin didn't make use of emotional coping way according to the analysis(P=0.040). 3) Relationship between ways of coping for stress and perceived stress in Sasangin: It was shown that as Soeumin perceived stress so higher than Soyangin and Taeumin, they tended to use the solving problem-method therefore it was shown to have a negative correlation(P=0.044). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it was found that there were differences of Sasangin in perceived stress and ways to cope with it. The dose relationship between the perception and coping method of stress was found.
Classification ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Humans ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: Although ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among all cancers of the female reproductive tract, the genetic alterations involved in ovarian cancer remains largely unknown. Recently, mutations of the p53 gene have been documented in many types of human cancer including ovarian cancer. METHODS: In tbe present study, p53 gene mutation was examined in DNA samples extracted from paraffin embedded surgical specimens of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, clinicopathological parameters were examined in relation to p53 gene mutation in order to understand the role of p53 mutation in the development of ovarian cancer. Using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and single strand conformational polymarphism(PCR-SSCP), p53 gene mutation was examined and the mutations were confirmed by DNA scquencing in 17 cases of ovarian cancer. RESULTS: Abnormal bands indicating mutation were detected in 2/17(11.8%). DNA sequencing confirmed in 2 mutations and revealed C to T and A to T nucleotide chmges. In clinicopathological parameters, FIGO stage, grade, and recunence were not correlated with the p53 gene mutation. However, the recurrence rate was higher in patients with mutant p53 compared with those with wild type p53(50.0% vs 13.3%), altbough this is not statisticaUy significant. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, p53 gene mutation shows no correlation with stage, grade and recurrence, and p53 gene mutation does not appear to be a marker that predicts the biological behavior or the outmme of the disease. This study suggested useful data to elucidate the mechanism of chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer and further p53 expression assay would be mandatory for p53 nonfunctioning ovarian cancas.
Cause of Death ; DNA ; Female ; Genes, p53* ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Paraffin ; Recurrence ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Recently the use of penile prostheses in spinal cord injury population has been beneficial for sexual dysfunction, maintenance of external devices and the treatment of penile skin lacerations. We have implanted penile prostheses in 38 spinal cord injury patients in the last 2 years. The patients were between 25 and 64 years old(average 40.6 years old). Followup ranged From 4 months to 2 years (average 14.9 months). All the patients received penile prostheses to treat erectile impotence. We used malleable penile prostheses in 13. Hydroflexes in 5 and Dynaflexes in 20 patients. Rod sizes and diameters ranged from 12 to 18 x from 0.9 to 1.15 cm for the malleable type and from 14 to 18 x 1.1 cm for the Hydroflex and Dynaflex. Complications dictating loss of prostheses occurred in 4 cases (10.5%). One pumping failure and one prosthetic infection were developed in Dynaflex and Hydroflex, while one spontaneous intraurethral protrusion and one glandular erosion in malleable types. In the former 2 cases they were successfully exchanged to Dynaflexes and in the latter 2 cases they were removed. As a whole surgical success rate was 92.1 % and sexual satisfaction rate was 78.9%. In conclusion, the penile prosthesis implantation is considered as a useful treatment method for erectile impotence in spinal cord injury patients.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Male ; Penile Implantation ; Penile Prosthesis* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Skin ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

Oxybutynin chloride was administered intravesically in 7 spinal cord injury patients with persistent incontinence and frequent side effects on oral medication. Five mg tablets were dissolved in 20 ml normal saline, and the solution was instilled twice daily and retained for 30 minutes. All patients reported subjective improvement following treatment and all became totally continent. No side effects were observed. In urodynamic study mean bladder capacity increased from 250 to 400ml(P = 0.005) and mean maximum filling pressure decreased from 25 to 18cmH2O (P = 0.283). In conclusion treatment with intravesical oxybutynin chloride can be effective in spinal cord injury patients who either are unresponsive to or have intolerable side effects on oral medication.
Administration, Intravesical ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Tablets ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urodynamics

The purpose of this study was to observe mandibular condyle shape and position in an asymptomatic population. In o rder to carry out this study, 142 temporomandibular joints in 71 adults(35 males, 36 females), who were asymptomatic for temporomandibular joint disorders and had no history of prosthodontic or orthodontic treatments, were selected, and rad iographed using the Accurd-200 head holder(Denar Co., U.S.A.) for lateral individualized corrected tomograms. Mandibular condyles were classified morphologically and evaluated in positional relationships with articular fossae and articular eminences at centric occlusiohn and 1 inch mouth opening. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In the classification of mandibular condyle shape, the convex type was more prevalent in trascranial radiograms and tomograms taken at medial, central, and lateral locations. 2. In the mandibular condyle position at centric occlusion, the mandibular condyles were palced posterior to the center of articular fossae in trascranial radiograns and anterior to the center of articular fossae in tomograns taken at medi al, central, and lateral locations. 3. In the mandibular condyle position in right and left TMJs at centric occlusion, the mandibular condyles were placed bilateral asymmetric relationships to the articular fossae in trascranial radiograms and tomograms taken at medial, cent ral, and lateral location, 4. In the mandibular condyle position at 1 inch mouth opening, the mandibular condyles were placed anterior to the arti cular eminences in trascranial radiogramas and tomograms taken at central location and posterior to the articular eminen ces in tomograms taken at medial and lateral locations.
Classification ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Mandibular Condyle* ; Mouth ; Prosthodontics ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Carbamazepine is a derivative of iminostilbene with carbamoyl group and related chemically to the tricyclic antidepressants. Carbamazepine has been introduced for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Recently it is used as an antiepileptic agent such as diphenylhydantoin. Antiepileptic drugs are known to affect experimentally induced cardiac arrhythmia and are now widely used clinically for treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, particularly those produced by digitalis intoxication. Steiner et al. (1970) reported that carbamazepine was found to be very effective in converting ventricular tachycardia due to digitalis toxicity to normal sinus rhythm. Clinically bradycardia, complete heart block, ventricular standstill and Adams-stokes attack were reported in the course of carbamazepine treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of carbamazepine on the ouabain-induced arrhythmia in vivo. The rabbits of either sex, weighing from 1.6 to 3.2 kg were anesthetized by urethane. After the trachea was cannulated, the rabbits were ventilated with room air using a respirator. Drugs were given into polyethylene cannula in the femoral vein. Blood pressure were recorded by physiograph via pressure tranducer connected with the cannula in the femoral artery. EKG were recorded by physiograph via electrode implanted in both fore leg and left hind leg. The results are summarized as follows 1. Arrhythmia was induced by continuous infusion of ouabain (65±8.8 µg/kg). 2. Single administration of ouabain (64 µg/kg) induced arrhythmia which was persisted for 7-8 min. 3. Ouabain induced arrhythmia was restored to normal sinus rhythm by administration of carbamazepine (the more dosage, the less frequent and the longer duration). 4. Severe bradycardia, A-V block, atrial fibrillation were seen on the EKG after injection of carbamzepine alone. By the above results, it may be concluded that carbamzepine inhibits the ouabain-induced arrhythmia by dose-dependent.
Anticonvulsants ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Carbamazepine* ; Catheters ; Digitalis ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Femoral Artery ; Femoral Vein ; Heart Block ; Leg ; Ouabain ; Phenytoin ; Polyethylene ; Rabbits* ; Tachycardia ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Trachea ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; Urethane ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: This study aims at confirming the effects of the chest meridian massage on the post-anesthetic recovery of general anesthesia appendectomy patients. METHOD: The research was post-test designed as a nonequivalent control group among quasi-experiments tested. The data was collected from June 20, 2003 to October 14, 2003 at a hospital in P city. In the collected data, using SPSS Win 10.0 program, these general features were analyzed by real numbers and percentages; the homogeneity among variables by chi2-test and t-test and the research hypothesis by the t-test. RESULT: Hypothesis 1; The experimental group receiving the treatment of the chest meridian massage will have a much higher post-anesthetic recovery score than that of the control group not receiving it was supported(t=2.544, p=.014). Hypothesis 2; The experimental group receiving the treatment of the chest meridian massage will have a much shorter time of stay in the recovery room than that of the control group not receiving it was supported(t=-4.919, p=.000). CONCLUSION: According to these results, it may be concluded that Chest Meridian Massage is effective in producing a higher level of post-anesthetic recovery score and helps appendectomy patients reduce the time of stay in the recovery room. Therefore the chest meridian massage can be considered as an intervention therapy for directly nursing general anesthesia appendectomy patients.
Anesthesia, General* ; Appendectomy ; Humans ; Massage* ; Nursing ; Recovery Room ; Thorax*

BACKGROUND: An Epidemiological study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of E. vermicularis infestation among children in kindergartens. METHODS: A total of 247 cellotape anal swab specimens from kindergarten children in Inchon were examined for E. vermicularis eggs. Each specimen was collected in the morning. RESULTS: Out of 247 specimens from two kindergartens in Inchon, E. vermicularis eggs were detected in 168 specimens, the egg detection rate being 68.0%. The egg detection rates in boys and girls were 63.9% out of 133 children and 72.8% out of 114 children, respectively. The egg detection rate in girls was higher than that of boys. The egg detection rates by age group was 65.5%(age 3), S7.4%(age 4), 72.0%(age 5) and 75.4%(age 6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Enterobiasis is a cosmopolitan infection. Surveys for children of kindergartens indicate that E.vermicularis is probably the most widely distributed human helminth, its incidence varing from 59.2% to 73.8% in groups studied since pinworm infection is frequently a familial problem that infestation of the household frequently results in reinfection. Careful washing of hands and cleansing of fingernails before meals and after use of the toilet are the most practical measures, all member of family should be treated simultaneously when practicable.
Child* ; Eggs ; Enterobiasis ; Enterobius* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Hand ; Helminths ; Humans ; Incheon ; Incidence ; Meals ; Nails ; Ovum ; Prevalence