The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of periodontal ligament cell in rat teeth using slow cryopreservation method with magnetic field through MTT assay and TUNEL test. For each group, 12 teeth of 4 weeks old white female Sprague-Dawley rat were used for MTT assay, and 6 teeth in TUNEL test. The Maxillary left and right, first and second molars were extracted as atraumatically as possible under tiletamine anesthesia. The experimental groups were group1 (immediately extraction), group 2 (cold preservation at 4degrees C for 1 week), group 3 (rapid cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen), group 4 (slow cryopreservation with magnetic field of 1 G), and group 5 (slow cryopreservation). F medium was used as preservation medium and 10% DMSO as cryoprotectant. After preservation and thawing, the MTT assay and TUNEL test were processed. One way ANOVA and Scheffe method were performed at the 95% level of confidence. The value of optical density obtained after MTT analysis was divided by the value of eosin staining for tissue volume standardization. In both MTT assay and TUNEL test, it had showed no significant difference among group 3, 4, and 5. And group 3 had showed higher viability of periodontal ligament cell than group 2. From this study, slow cryopreservation method with magnetic field can be used as one of cryopreservation methods.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Cryopreservation ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Magnetic Fields ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Molar ; Periodontal Ligament ; Rats ; Tiletamine ; Tooth

The effects of aeration through lid filters on the hyphal growth of Lentinula edodes (oak mushroom) in sawdust cultivation bags were investigated. The aeration treatment levels were traditional 27 mm hole cotton plugs, cotton balls and combinations of seven hole sizes x two hole positions (up and under) in the lids covering plastic bags containing 1.4 kg sawdust medium at 63% moisture that had been autoclaved for one hour and inoculated with sawdust spawn of L. edodes strain 921. Aeration treatment effects were measured based on the CO2 concentration at the 15th wk, as well as the hyphal growth rate and degree of weight loss of bags every 14 days for 15 wk. In bags with traditional cotton plugs, the CO2 concentration was 3.8 +/- 1.3%, daily mean hyphal growth was 2.3 +/- 0.6 mm and daily mean weight loss was 0.84 +/- 0.26 g. In the bags with 15 mm diameter holes, the CO2 concentration was 6.0 +/- 1.6%, daily hyphal growth was 2.8 +/- 0.2 mm and daily weight loss was 0.86 +/- 0.4 g. The bags with 15 mm holes had a higher CO2 concentration and lower water loss than bags with other hole sizes, but the hyphal growth was not significantly different from that of other bags. The weight loss of bags increased proportionally relative to the lid hole sizes. Taken together, these results indicate that traditional cotton plugs are economically efficient, but 15 mm hole lids are the most efficient at maintaining hyphal growth and controlling water loss while allowing CO2 emissions.
Lentinula ; Plastics ; Shiitake Mushrooms ; Sprains and Strains ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: After shoulder arthroscopy via general anesthesia, most patients complain of severe pain during the early post operative period. In this study, the efficacy of pain control during the early post operative period with interscalene block anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy was investigated and compared with general anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 40 patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy between September 2008 and March 2009. The patients were grouped according to the method of anesthesia. The visual analogue scale (VAS) at the preoperative and early postoperative periods was checked and compared. In addition, the duration of patient controlled analgesia (PCA) usage and additional pain killer injections were examined. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups for the VAS score before surgery, but the interscalene block group showed a significantly lower VAS score. The duration of PCA usage was also significantly longer for the interscalene block group, which implies less pain. The number of additional pain killer injections was significantly less in the interscalene block group. CONCLUSION: The patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy with interscalene block had significantly less pain during the immediately post operative period for up to 48 hours. So patients could conduct initial rehabilitation and experience minimized side effects caused by analgesics due to the decreased use of pain killer. Therefore, interscalene block is considered a good method of anesthesia for the immediate postoperative pain control after shoulder arthroscopy.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Shoulder

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of transluminal radiofrequency thermal ablation using a stent-type electrode and to determine, by means of in-vitro and in-vivo animal studies, the appropriate parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro: The radiofrequency electrode used was a self-expandable nitinol stent with 1cm insulated ends. A stent was placed in the portal vein of bovine liver, and ablations at target temperatures of 70, 80, 90, and 100degrees C were performed. Ablated sizes were measured longitudinally. In vivo: Four mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and a stent was inserted in the common bile duct under fluoroscopic guidance through an ultrasound-guided gall bladder puncture site. The ablation temperature was set at 80 degrees C, and each dog underwent proximal and distal esophageal ablations lasting 12 minutes. They were sacrificed immediately. RESULTS: In-vitro: Ablated sizes showed significant correlation with target temperatures (r>0.04; p<0.05). Although most lesions were fusiform, dumbbell-shaped lesions with central thinning were found in two cases in the 70degrees C group. In all cases in the 70 degrees C and 80 degrees C group, the length of the insulated segment was less than 1 cm. In-vivo: At microscopy, tissues at the center of the biliary stent showed more prominent pathological change than those at the periphery while those remote from the stent showed minimal or no change. In esophageal ablations, the mean highest temperature was 48.6 degrees C. Microscopy demonstrated the destruction and shedding of mucosa, edema, and coagulation necrosis of submucosa, but in muscle layers no abnormalities were apparent. CONCLUSION: Transluminal radio-frequency thermal ablation using a stent-type electrode may be useful for elongating patency. The appropriate target temperature for biliary ablation is 80 degrees C.
Animals ; Common Bile Duct ; Dogs ; Edema ; Electrodes* ; Liver ; Microscopy ; Mucous Membrane ; Necrosis ; Portal Vein ; Punctures ; Stents ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: To report an epidemiologic study of keratoplasty in which we analyze basic data of corneal transplants and corneal donations in Korea. METHODS: From June 2004 through October 2004, questionnaires were distributed to 25 hospitals. The questionnaires were about the characteristics of patients registered in eye banks for keratoplasty from May 2001 to April 2003, and about the results of keratoplasties performed from May 2002 to April 2003. RESULTS: The leading corneal diseases in patients registered for keratoplasty were infectious keratitis (22.0%), trauma (21.0%), and pseudophakic and aphakic bullous keratopathy (13.8%), in that order. The leading indications in corneal recipients were: trauma (15.5%), pseudophakic and aphakic bullous keratopathy (13.7%), and infectious keratitis (10.7%), in that order. In 233 cases of keratoplasties, penetrating keratoplasty was performed in 229 cases (98.3%) and lamellar keratoplasty was performed in 4 cases (1.7%). The most common combined surgery was cataract extraction. Common causes of graft failure were rejection of donor cornea and infection. Imported donor corneas were used in sixty-one cases (26.2%) among the 233 total keratoplasties. CONCLUSIONS: We constructed an epidemiologic data base of patients registered for keratoplasty, corneal donation, and the results of keratoplasties throughout Korea.
Cataract Extraction ; Cornea ; Corneal Diseases ; Corneal Transplantation* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Eye Banks ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Korea* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To report an epidemiologic study of keratoplasty in which we analyze basic data of corneal transplants and corneal donations in Korea. METHODS: From June 2004 through October 2004, questionnaires were distributed to 25 hospitals. The questionnaires were about the characteristics of patients registered in eye banks for keratoplasty from May 2001 to April 2003, and about the results of keratoplasties performed from May 2002 to April 2003. RESULTS: The leading corneal diseases in patients registered for keratoplasty were infectious keratitis (22.0%), trauma (21.0%), and pseudophakic and aphakic bullous keratopathy (13.8%), in that order. The leading indications in corneal recipients were: trauma (15.5%), pseudophakic and aphakic bullous keratopathy (13.7%), and infectious keratitis (10.7%), in that order. In 233 cases of keratoplasties, penetrating keratoplasty was performed in 229 cases (98.3%) and lamellar keratoplasty was performed in 4 cases (1.7%). The most common combined surgery was cataract extraction. Common causes of graft failure were rejection of donor cornea and infection. Imported donor corneas were used in sixty-one cases (26.2%) among the 233 total keratoplasties. CONCLUSIONS: We constructed an epidemiologic data base of patients registered for keratoplasty, corneal donation, and the results of keratoplasties throughout Korea.
Cataract Extraction ; Cornea ; Corneal Diseases ; Corneal Transplantation* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Eye Banks ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Korea* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants