No abstract available.
Dislocations* ; Head*

The medial wall and floor of the bony orbit are frequently fractured because of the delicate anatomy. To optimize functional and aesthetic results, reconstructive surgeons should understand the anatomy and pathophysiology of orbital fractures. Appropriate treatment involves optimal timing of intervention, proper indications for operative repair, incision and dissection, release of herniated tissue, implant material and placement, and wound closure. The following review will discuss the management of orbital floor fractures, with the operative method preferred by the author. Special considerations in operation technique and the complication are also present in this article.
Methods ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures ; Surgeons ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: Various surgical techniques have been developed to address senile upper eyelids. Upper blepharoplasty has limited efficacy in natural periorbital rejuvenation for severe lateral hooding of the upper eyelids, as well as often producing a 'surprised look'. Subbrow excision is a popular method in East Asia for the correction of eyelid drooping, especially on the lateral side as periorbital rejuvenation. However, medial upper eyelid skin redundancy often tends to be undercorrected. Here, we present a few cases of revisional blepharoplasty, especially for medial crease formation, to improve aesthetic results. METHODS: Five patients, for a total of 10 eyelids, who underwent revisional blepharoplasty from January 2011 to January 2015 after a previous subbrow excision, were included. Patients were dissatisfied with uncorrected excessive skin on the medial part of the upper eyelid after a previous subbrow excision; thus, they underwent revisional blepharoplasty for medial crease formation. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, patients were aesthetically satisfied with the postoperative results. No patients suffered from any complications during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: After a previous unfavorable subbrow excision, medial crease formation, via a very minimally invasive technique, could be a favorable option to improve patient satisfaction without postoperative complication or discomfort.
Blepharoplasty ; Eyebrows ; Eyelids ; Far East ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Complications ; Rejuvenation ; Skin

Cosmetic lateral canthoplasty, in which the size of the eye is increased by extending the palpebral fissure and decreasing the degree of the eye slant, has become a prevalent procedure for East Asians. However, it is not uncommon for there to be complications or unfavorable results after the surgery. With this in mind, the authors have designed a surgical method to reduce complications in cosmetic lateral canthoplasty by preserving the lateral canthal angle. We discuss here the anatomy required for surgery, the surgical methods, and methods for reducing complications during cosmetic lateral canthoplasty.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Methods

PURPOSE: A glomus tumor is a rare tumor with predilection for the hand. The curative treatment is complete surgical excision. Transungual approach is one of usual options for subungual glomus tumor, but the major complication of this method is nail deformity. The authors describe the different operation to avoid this complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April, 2005 to May, 2009. 9 patients were diagnosed with digital glomus tumors. 8 patients were underwent excision with transungual open window exposing nail bed using partial detachment of nail plate. In all patients, preoperative clinical diagnosis was confirmed postoperatively with the biopsy result. RESULTS: All cases were followed up for average 4.2month(range 6 weeks to 13 months). Symptoms were improved after surgery. No complication and recurrence were occurred. There were no nail deformities by this altered approach. CONCLUSIONS: This altered technique with partial detached nail plate represent a safe and effective result to excise digital glomus tumors in subungual lesion.
Biopsy ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Glomus Tumor ; Hand ; Humans ; Nails ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Blepharoplasty* ; Eyelids* ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell*

Thirteen patients were operated for cubital tunnel syndrome and followed for an average of 26 months postoperatively. Ten patients had a history of relevant trauma and three patients had degenerative osteoarthritis of the elbow. The average duration of symptoms was 18 months (range, 2 to 96 months). Diagnosis was made by physical examination, electromyography and nerve conduction study. Among these, nerve conduction study was found to be the most valuable diagnostic method for the patients with atypical clinical findings. Most of the operations were performed by anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve. At the most recent follow-up, the result was excellent in two patients, good in eight, and fair in three; thus ten patients(77%) showed satisfactory results. The rating system for ulnar neuropathy based on sensory, motor dysfunction and pain was useful for evaluating the operative results. The postoperative gain of score for pain and sensory function were larger than that of motor function. Factors known to influence the result of the operation (age, duration of symptom, history of trauma, method of operation) did not effect the outcome in this study. For successful operation, the ulnar nerve must be thoroughly examined, all possible levels of compression must be released and new foci of compression must be created.
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome ; Diagnosis ; Elbow ; Electromyography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Methods ; Neural Conduction ; Osteoarthritis ; Physical Examination ; Sensation ; Ulnar Nerve ; Ulnar Neuropathies

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between job stress and the common cold which is one of the most common infectious disease. METHODS: A KOSS (Korean Occupational Stress Scale)-based questionnaire survey was conducted targeting 6,699 workers, of which 4,637 questionnaires were returned and the data for 237 were excluded due to poor response and having pulmonary disease other than common cold. Consequently, 4,400 (65.7%) returned questionnaires were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression, adjusted for daily life stress, confounding variables and both, were used to evaluate the relationship between job stress and the common cold. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounding variables and daily life stress, most of the subscales of job stress contributed to an increased risk of common cold. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that job stress may play a significant role in increasing the risk of the common cold and that further preventive efforts and studies are needed to reduce job stress and address infectious disease caused by job stress among Korean employees.
Common Cold ; Communicable Diseases ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Lung Diseases ; Questionnaires ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: Microsurgery is an essential technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, microsurgical suturing and handling of the instrument are difficult for beginners, and who requires a steep learning curve. Therefore, methods for improving the technical skill are needed. The authors describe the value of a small stereoscopic microscope as a training tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A small stereoscopic microscope was used to help improve the microsurgical skill. Monofilament 10-0 Nylon and a surgical rubber globe were used as a suture material and education material, respectively RESULT: Stereoscopic view of the operation field was obtained and basic microsurgical suture was possible. CONCLUSION: The stereoscopic microscope is an effective training tool for beginners of microsurgery with benefits in cost and usefulness in small place.
Handling (Psychology) ; Hypogonadism ; Learning Curve ; Microsurgery ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Nylons ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Plastics ; Rubber ; Sutures

Extraadrenal pheochromocytomas developed from the paraganglia other than adrenal medulla are uncommon tumors. Such lesions have been reported that as much as 10% of retroperitoneal paragliomas arise outside the adrenal gland. But their incidence and prognosis are changing partly as a result of progression in developmental mechanism, diagnostic tools and concepts including ultrastructure, immunohistochemistry. The ultrastructure of chromaffine neoplasm from adrenal and extraadrenal tissues has been studied with chrarnaffine granule specificity and type of catecholamine content. With rare exceptions, extraadrenal chrornaffine tumor mainly has high concentration of norepinephrine which is suggested as dict relationship to numoruos electrone dense granular bodies in the cell cytoplasrn. High or intermediate level of epinephrine in tissue is associated with cytoplasmic granular bodies of much less density, Recently we experienced the exception, a case of norepinephrine secreting pheochrom-ocytoma in the organ of Zuckerkandl with epinephrine granules in cytoplasm and this discrepancy probably due to the plasticity
Adrenal Glands ; Adrenal Medulla ; Cytoplasm ; Epinephrine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Norepinephrine ; Para-Aortic Bodies ; Pheochromocytoma ; Plastics ; Prognosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity