OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to determine the effects of temporary sealing materials on microtensile bond strength between resin-coated dentin and resin inlay and to compare the bonding effectiveness of delayed dentin sealing and that of immediate dentin sealing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The teeth were divided into 4 groups: group 1, specimens were prepared using delayed dentin sealing after temporary sealing with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE); group 2, specimens were prepared using immediate dentin sealing and ZOE sealing; group 3, specimens were prepared using immediate dentin sealing and Dycal (Dentsply) sealing; group 4, specimens were prepared using immediately sealed, and then temporarily sealed with a resin-based temporary sealing material. After removing the temporary sealing material, we applied resin adhesive and light-cured. Then the resin inlays were applied and bonded to the cavity with a resin-based cement. The microtensile bond strength of the sectioned specimens were measured with a micro-tensile tester (Bisco Inc.). Significance between the specimen groups were tested by means of one-way ANOVA and multiple Duncan's test. RESULTS: Group 1 showed the lowest bond strength, and group 4 showed the highest bond strength (p < 0.01). When temporary sealing was performed with ZOE, immediate dentin sealing showed a higher bonding strength than delayed dentin sealing (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, immediate dentin sealing is more recommended than delayed dentin sealing in bonding a resin inlay to dentin. Also, resin-based temporary sealing materials have shown the best result.
Adhesives ; Calcium Hydroxide ; Dentin ; Eugenol ; Inlays ; Minerals ; Tooth ; Zinc Oxide

The main disadvantage of cement-retained implant restorations is their difficulty in retriev-ability. Advocates of cemented implant restorations frequently state that retrievability of the restoration can be maintained if a provisional cement is used. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal properties of provisional luting cements and the surface treatment of abutments in single implant abutment system. 30 prefabricated implant abutments, height 8mm, diameter 6mm, 3-degree taper per side, with light chamfer margins were obtained. Three commercially available provisional luting agents which were all zinc oxide eugenol type ; Cavitec, TempBond and TempBond NE were eval-uated. No cement served as the control. TempBond along with vaseline, a kind of petrolatum(2:1 ratio) was also evaluated. Ten out of thirty abutments were randomly selected and abutment surfaces were sandblasted with 50 mu m aluminum oxide. Another ten abutments were sandblasted with 250 mu m aluminum oxide. A vertical groove, 1 mm deep and 5mm long was cut in each twenty abutments. Ten of them were sandblasted with 50 mu m aluminum oxide. The full coverage casting crowns were cemented to the abutments with the designat-ed provisional luting agent. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Each specimen was attached to a universal testing machine. A crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min was used to apply a tensile force to each specimen. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. Tensile bond strength of provisional luting cements in no surface treatment decreased with the sequence of TempBond NE, TempBond, Cavitec, TempBond with vaseline, no cement. 2. Tensile bond strength more increased by surface treatment. Sandblasting with 250 mumaluminum oxide exhibited the highest tensile bond strength in the abutment cemented with TempBond NE and sandblasting with 50 mu m aluminum oxide exhibited the highest tensile bond strength in cemented with TempBond. 3. In the aspect of a groove formation, tensile bond strength significantly increased in TempBond with vaseline only and the others had no significant effect on tensile bond strength.
Aluminum Oxide ; Crowns ; Dental Cements ; Eugenol ; Petrolatum ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Water ; Zinc Oxide

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the AH-26 root canal sealer on the shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin. One hundred and forty four (144) extracted, sound human molars were used. After embedding in a cylindrical mold, the occlusal part of the anatomical crown was cut away and trimmed in order to create a flat dentin surface. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups; the AH-26 sealer was applied to the AH-26 group, and zinc-oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste was applied to the ZOE group. The dentin surface of the control group did not receive any sealer. A mount jig was placed against the surface of the teeth and the One-step dentin bonding agent was applied after acid etching. Charisma composite resin was packed into the mold and light cured. After polymerization, the alignment tube and mold were removed and the specimens were placed in distilled water at 37degrees C for twenty four hours. The shear bond strength was measured by an Instron testing machine. The data for each group were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's studentized rank test so as to make comparisons between the groups. The AH-26 group and the control group showed significantly higher shear bond strength than the ZOE group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the AH-26 group and the control one (p > 0.05). Under the conditions of this study, the AH-26 root canal sealer did not seem to affect the shear bond strength of the composite resin to dentin while the ZOE sealer did. Therefore, there may be no decrease in bond strength when the composite resin core is built up immediately after a canal filling with AH-26 as a root canal sealer.
Crowns ; Dental Pulp Cavity* ; Dentin* ; Eugenol ; Fungi ; Humans ; Molar ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Tooth ; Water ; Zinc*

OBJECTIVEThis study investigated the influence of eugenol-containing temporary cement on the efficacy of two relatively new dentin-bonding systems.

METHODSThirty-two freshly extracted bovine central incisors were randomly divided into four groups. Dentin was exposed and polished with 320#, 400#, and 600# sand papers. After embedded, Group 3 and 4 specimens were covered with ZOE. Specimens in Group 1 and 2 were served as control. All specimens were stored for 1 week in distilled water at 37 degrees C. Then, the ZOE was mechanically removed. The dentin surfaces of Group 1 and 3 were treated with Prime & Bond NT bonding system and the dentin surfaces of Group 2 and 4 were treated with GLUMA adhesive system according to manufacturer's instructions. Thereafter composite resin columns (6 mm diameter, 2 mm high) were applied. After specimens stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, the shear bond testing was carried out using a SHIMADZU universal testing machine with a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The mode of failure was examined using SEM. The data were analyzed using ANOVA test at a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTSThe medians of shear bond strength for each group were as follows: Group 1 (Prime & Bond NT) 9.57 MPa, Group 3 (Prime & Bond NT + ZOE) 10.72 MPa, Group 2 (GLUMA) 16.89 MPa, Group 4 (GLUMA + ZOE) 16.78 MPa. Group 1 and 3 had significantly lower bonding strength than did Groups 2 and 4. But no significant difference was found between the control groups and the groups treated with ZOE temporary cement.

CONCLUSIONPretreatment of the dentin with ZOE temporary cement has no adverse influence on the efficacy of two relatively new dentin-bonding systems.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to compare the quality of apical seal of the canals that obturated with differently tapered gutta-percha cone using continuous wave technique.

METHODS62 extracted human mandible incisors were prepared with Gates-Glidden drill and Hero642 to a final file of No. 30 and 0.06 taper. The teeth were randomly separated into 0.02 taper group (30 teeth), 0.06 taper group (30 teeth) and positive control group (2 teeth). The teeth of 0.02 taper group and 0.06 taper group were respectively obturated with a 0.02, or 0.06 tapered gutta-percha cone and Cortisomol sealer using warm vertical condensation technique separately. The teeth of positive control group were not obturated. In 0.02 taper group and 0.06 taper group, 10 teeth were placed in India ink for 24 hours, 10 teeth were placed in India ink for 10 days, 10 teeth were placed in India ink for 90 hours after 67 days storage in Hank's balanced salt solution. The teeth of positive control group were placed in India ink for 24 hours. The apical leakage was evaluated by the linear measurement under the stereomicroscope.

RESULTSThe dye penetration of positive control group was along the whole canals. The apical leakage of 0.02 taper group increased along with time, while no difference was found among 0.06 taper group. There was a significant difference in the degree of leakage between 0.02 taper group and 0.06 taper group in 67 days (P = 0.041), but not in 24 hours and 10 days groups (P = 0.601, P = 0.471).

CONCLUSIONBetter apical seal was obtained when using the same tapered gutta-percha cone with root canal.

OBJECTIVETo evaluated the cytotoxicity of a new nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) root canal sealer.

METHODSIn this study, the cytotoxicity was evaluated by the method of MTT assay in vitro, and culture medium F12 as control, three concentrations of the soaking material cultured with mouse osteoblast separately, to test the cell relative growth rate (RGR) of every group.

RESULTSThe toxicity graduation of the n-HA root canal sealer tends to 0 with the culture time increasing. The cell survival rate of n-HA root canal sealer showed high relatively. The OD value of cell was similar for the negative control and the extracts (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe result indicated that n-HA root canal sealer was compatible with the testcells.

The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive values of various dental cements used for cementing the orthodontic bands on the teeth. Sound freshly extracted human premolar teeth were selected for the study. Eleven commercial dental cements (Zinc phosphate, reinforced Zinc-oxide eugenol, Carboxylate and Glass ionomer cements) were handled under standardized conditions. All cemented speciments were then kept in a thermostatic humidor cabinet regulated at 23+/-2degreesC and more than 95% relative humidity and tested after 24 hours and 1 week each. The force required to remove the cemented orthodontic bands from the teeth was determined on an Instron Universal Testing Machine using a modified specimen holding device with. a crosshead speed of 0.20mmlmin. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The retentive values of the band cemented with zinc phosphate cements and carboxylate cements were considerably higher than those of the reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol and glass ionomer cements. 2. There was no significant difference between the retentive value of carboxylate cements as compared with zinc phosphate cements. 3. The retentive value of the reinforced zinc oxide eugenol cements was lowest all of the cements. 4. The retentive values expressed for all cements up to at least one week were highly but no significant difference was found between the 24-hour and 7 day time intervals.
Bicuspid ; Dental Cements* ; Eugenol ; Glass ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Humans ; Humidity ; Tooth ; Zinc ; Zinc Oxide

Eugenol is widely used in dentistry to relieve pain. We have recently demonstrated voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels as molecular targets for its analgesic effects, and hypothesized that eugenol acts on P2X3, another pain receptor expressed in trigeminal ganglion (TG), and tested the effects of eugenol by whole-cell patch clamp and Ca2+ imaging techniques. In the present study, we investigated whether eugenol would modulate 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-induced currents in rat TG neurons and P2X3-expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. ATP-induced currents in TG neurons exhibited electrophysiological properties similar to those in HEK293 cells, and both ATP- and alpha,beta-meATP-induced currents in TG neurons were effectively blocked by TNP-ATP, suggesting that P2X3 mediates the majority of ATP-induced currents in TG neurons. Eugenol inhibited ATP-induced currents in both capsaicin-sensitive and capsaicin-insensitive TG neurons with similar extent, and most ATP-responsive neurons were IB4-positive. Eugenol inhibited not only Ca2+ transients evoked by alpha,beta-meATP, the selective P2X3 agonist, in capsaicin-insensitive TG neurons, but also ATP-induced currents in P2X3-expressing HEK293 cells without co-expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). We suggest, therefore, that eugenol inhibits P2X3 currents in a TRPV1-independent manner, which contributes to its analgesic effect.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Dentistry ; Eugenol ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Kidney ; Neurons ; Nociceptors ; Rats ; Trigeminal Ganglion

OBJECTIVES: To appraise the effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the management of established dry socket in terms of pain, inflammation, and wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred patients with established alveolar osteitis were studied to determine the efficacy of PRF and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) for pain control, inflammation reduction, and wound healing. Patients were randomly allocated to Group A (PRF) or Group B (ZOE). Patients were examined on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th postoperative day and evaluated for pain using visual analogue scale scores, inflammation with a gingival index score, and wound healing through a determination of the number of bony walls exposed. RESULTS: Group A showed better results in terms of pain remission, control of inflammation, and wound healing compared to Group B. Results between groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PRF is a better alternative than ZOE for the effective management of alveolar osteitis.
Dry Socket ; Eugenol ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Periodontal Index ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries ; Zinc Oxide ; Zinc

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of methyl eugenol on the expression of aquaporin (AQP) 5 in nasal mucosa of rats with allergic rhinitis and to explore its significance. METHODS: In the study, 128 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, AR model control group, budesonide positive control group, 80 mg/kg group, 40 mg/kg group, 20 mg/kg group and 10 mg/kg group, and ovalbumin (OVA) was used to establish the model of allergic rhinitis. After successful modeling, castor oil, budesonide and corresponding doses of methyl eugenol were given respectively. After 1, 2 and 4 weeks of administration, the distribution of AQP5 in nasal mucosa was observed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of AQP5 in nasal mucosa of each group was compared by Western blotting. The expression of AQP5 mRNA was compared with real-time PCR. RESULTS: AQP5 was mainly located in the glandular epithelium and ductal epithelial cell membrane and cytoplasm. The expression of AQP5 and AQP5 mRNA in nasal mucosa of the rats in the model control group was lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). AQP5 and AQP5 mRNA in nasal mucosa of the rats in each treatment group were higher than those in the model control group in varying degrees. The expression of AQP5 in the budesonide group was not significantly different from that in the normal control group 1, 2 and 4 weeks after drug intervention (P>0.05), but there was significant difference between the budesonide group and the model control group (P<0.05). The expression of AQP5 mRNA in the budesonide group was significantly different from that in the normal control group and the model control group (P<0.05).After 2 weeks of intervention, the expression of AQP5 in each dose group of methyleugenol was not significantly different from that in the budesonide group (P>0.05). After 1 week of intervention, there was no significant difference in AQP5 mRNA between the 20 mg/kg group and the normal control group (P>0.05), but there was significant difference between the 20 mg/kg group and the model control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Methyl eugenol may increase the degree of edema of the nasal mucosa by reducing the expression of AQP5 and reduce the secretion of glands, thus alleviating the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, sneezing and runny nose.
Animals ; Aquaporin 5 ; Eugenol/analogs & derivatives* ; Nasal Mucosa ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhinitis, Allergic