PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of aroma inhalation on fatigue and quality of sleep of postpartum mothers. METHOD: The study design was a non-equivalent control group pre-post design. 51 Postpartum mothers were assigned either to a control group or to an experimental group that was exposed to aromas through inhalation for 6 days. Subjects in the experimental group were instructed to wear a necklace filled with Lavender and Eucalyptus oil from 2: 00 PM to 8: 00 PM every day. Fatigue was measured using the Rhoten Fatigue Scale. Sleep duration, night arousal frequency and sleep satisfaction were used to assess the quality of sleep. RESULT: There was a significant difference in the score of fatigue following the treatment between the experimental and control groups (t=-2.79 p=.00). However, there was no significant difference in sleep duration, frequency of night arousal and sleep satisfaction following aroma inhalation between two groups. CONCLUSION: This intervention appears to be effective in reducing the fatigue in postpartum mothers.
Arousal ; Eucalyptus ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Lavandula ; Mothers* ; Postpartum Period*

BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. Method: In this study, the essential oil of eucalyptus, cedar wood, clary sage, orange sweet and eucapytol were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. RESULTS: 1. Eucalyptus essential oil and eucapytol showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. 2. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Eucapytol against eight strains and standard strains was 12.5 microliter/ml and 6.25 microliter/ml against two strains. 3. MIC of eucapytol was 25 microliter/ml against eight strains and 50 microliter/ml against two. CONCLUSION: Eucalyptus essential oil and eucalytol could be a candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases.
Candida ; Candida albicans ; Candidiasis ; Citrus sinensis ; Eucalyptus ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Mucous Membrane ; Plants, Medicinal ; Skin ; Wood

BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. Method: In this study, the essential oil of eucalyptus, cedar wood, clary sage, orange sweet and eucapytol were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. RESULTS: 1. Eucalyptus essential oil and eucapytol showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. 2. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Eucapytol against eight strains and standard strains was 12.5 microliter/ml and 6.25 microliter/ml against two strains. 3. MIC of eucapytol was 25 microliter/ml against eight strains and 50 microliter/ml against two. CONCLUSION: Eucalyptus essential oil and eucalytol could be a candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases.
Candida ; Candida albicans ; Candidiasis ; Citrus sinensis ; Eucalyptus ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Mucous Membrane ; Plants, Medicinal ; Skin ; Wood

A new flavonoid glycoside, (-)-2S-8-methyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with five known ones, quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-α-L-arabinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (3), guaijaverin (4), trifolin (5) and hyperin (6), was isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus robusta. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, CD spectra data and physicochemical methods. In addition, 2-6 were isolated from E. robusta for the first time.
Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

The fruits of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. are known to have a plenty of medicinal properties, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activity. Our previous study found that the phloroglucinol-sesquiterpene adducts in the fruits of E. globulus were immunosuppressive active constituents, especially Eucalyptin C (EuC). Phosphoinositide 3-kinases-γ (PI3Kγ) plays a pivotal role in T cell mediated excessive immune responses. In this study, EuC was first discovered to be a novel selective PI3Kγ inhibitor with an IC
Animals ; Eucalyptus ; Flavonoids ; Fruit ; Mice ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors

The antibacterial activities of the essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus (EOEG) was determined against 7 fish pathogenic bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, S. parauberis, Lactococcus garviae, Vibrio harveyi, V. ichthyoenteri and Photobacterium damselae) obtained from farmed olive flounder. The inhibitory activity was evaluated by three methods: Disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). According to the disc diffusion test, as the concentration of EOEG (5-40 µg) rises, the inhibitory zone increases in size. Compared with amoxicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, EOEG showed similar antibacterial activity. The MIC of EOEG ranged from 7.8 to 125 mg/mL and MBC values ranged from 62 to 250 mg/mL. These results show that EOEG has antimicrobial activity against all seven bacteria, but there was no marked difference between each genus. From these results, it is suggested that EOEG can be used as an antimicrobial agent against fish bacterial diseases in the fish industry.
Agriculture ; Amoxicillin ; Bacteria* ; Chloramphenicol ; Diffusion ; Eucalyptus* ; Flounder ; Lactococcus ; Methods ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Olea ; Photobacterium ; Streptococcus ; Tetracycline ; Vibrio

OBJECTIVEAIM To study the chemical constituents of the fruit of Eucalyptus globulus.

METHODVarious column chromatographies with silica gel were employed for the isolation and purification. The structures of the compounds were elucidated with of spectral analyses and chemical methods.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and elucidated as follows: betulonic acid (I), betulinic acid (II), ursolic acid (III), corosolic acid (IV), daucosterol (V).

CONCLUSIONCompound I, II, III and IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

METHODSExtracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

RESULTSThe results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC50 values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC50 of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

CONCLUSIONSIt can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.

Acaricides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Chamomile ; chemistry ; Drug Resistance ; Enzymes ; analysis ; Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Oils, Volatile ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Origanum ; chemistry ; Survival Analysis ; Tetranychidae ; drug effects ; enzymology

OBJECTIVEThe chemical components of essential oil from fruit of Eucalyptus globulus were analyzed by GC-MS.

METHODThe essential oil were extracted by steam distillation, then separated by capillary gas chromatography. The amount of the component from essential oil were determined by normalization methods. Chromatographic conditions were: capillary column DB-WAX (0.32 mm x 30 m, 0.25 microm) was used, column temperature: initial temperature at 40 degrees C for 3 min,ramping 5 C x min(-1) to 250 degrees C (holding for 10 min) the detector MS.

RESULT31 component from the fruit of E. globulus were identified, which accounted for over 93.7% of total volatile oil.

CONCLUSIONThe methods is reliable, stabilize and can be applied to identify the volatile oil from the fruit of E. globulus.

Cyclohexanols ; analysis ; Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Monoterpenes ; analysis ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis ; Terpenes ; analysis

BACKGROUNDDespite recent reports on the molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal infections in China, clinical isolates have been mostly reported from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients, and environmental isolates from China have rarely been included. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological profile of Cryptococcus (C.) neoformans and C. gattii in China.

METHODSA survey was performed in 10 cities from 20°N (North latitude) to 50°N and in a Eucalyptus (E.) camaldulensis forestry farm at the Guixi forestry center, China.

RESULTSSix hundred and twenty samples of pigeon droppings from 10 cities and 819 E. camaldulensis tree samples were collected and inoculated on caffeic acid cornmeal agar (CACA). The brown-colored colonies were recultured to observe their morphology, growth on canavanine-glycine-bromothymol-blue (CGB) medium, phenol oxidase and urease activities, serotype and mating type. There were obvious differences in the positive sample rates of C. neoformans in pigeon droppings collected from the different cities, ranging from 50% in the cities located at latitudes from 30°N - 40°N, 29% at 20°N - 30°N and 13% at 40°N - 50°N.

CONCLUSIONSThere were no differences in positive bevy rates (approximately 80%) among the three grouped cities. Mycological tests of 101 isolates purified from pigeon droppings revealed that they were C. neoformans var. grubii. We also observed variable capsular size around the C. neoformans cells in colonies with variable melanin production and the bio-adhesion of the natural C. neoformans cells with other microorganisms. One urease-negative C. neoformans isolate was isolated from pigeon droppings in Jinan city. No C. gattii was isolated in this study.

Animals ; China ; Columbidae ; microbiology ; Cryptococcosis ; microbiology ; Cryptococcus ; isolation & purification ; Cryptococcus gattii ; isolation & purification ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; isolation & purification ; Eucalyptus ; microbiology ; Feces ; microbiology