Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Ethylene Glycol ; blood ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo establish the method of capillary column gas chromatography for determination of ethylene glycol in workplace air.

METHODSEthylene glycol in workplace air was collected with silicone tube, desorbed with methanol, separated with FFAP (nitroterephthalic acid-modified polyethylene glycol)capillary column, and measured with flame ionization detector.

RESULTSThe detection limit of ethylene glycol was 0.41 mg/L, the lower limit of quantification was 1.4 mg/L, the range of measurement was 1.4~163.9 mg/L, and the minimum detectable concentration was 0.3 mg/m3 (1.5 L of air was collected as the sample). This method had a good repeatability, the relative standard deviation was 1.4%~5.2%, the average desorption efficiency was 94.4%~101.7%, and the sampling efficiency was 99.2%~100%. The penetrating capacity of 200 mg silicone was higher than 6.9 mg, and the samples could be preserved for 14 days at room temperature.

CONCLUSIONThe method has a low detection limit, high accuracy, and good precision, which is feasible for determination of ethylene glycol in workplace air.

Oxalate nephropathy is commonly caused by ethylene glycol, vitamin C, and foods like star fruit that contain a lot of oxalate. Peanuts also have high oxalate contents. However, case reports of peanut-induced oxalate nephropathy are not common. Here, we describe a case of peanut-induced acute oxalate nephropathy with acute kidney injury and intend to demonstrate the conditions under which peanut-induced oxalate nephropathy is likely to occur.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Arachis ; Ascorbic Acid ; Ethylene Glycol ; Fruit ; Oxalates

Ethylene glycol, and Sucrose were used for preventing cell injury during freezing and thawing. The cryoprotectants were designated 20% Ethylene glycol (EG), 40% EG, 40% EG containing 0.25 M Sucrose, 2.0 M Me2SO, 3.5 M Me2SO, and 3.5 M Me2SO containing 0.25 M Sucrose. Hemocytometer was used to calculate the survival rate and WST-1 was assessed for cell proliferation and The EG groups showed better survival rate (64.9%) and WST-1 (1.77) than those, 52.5% and 1.56, respectively, of Me2SO groups. The Combination of EG and Sucrose increase the survival rate of osteoblast-like cells. 40% EG containing 0.25 Sucrose group showed the best survival rate (70.1%) and The results of this study suggest that the ultrarapid freezing technique require high concentration of cryoprotectant and using of 40% EG with 0.25 M Sucrose decrease the cell injury during rapid freezing of human osteoblast-like cells.]]>
Cell Proliferation ; Ethylene Glycol ; Freezing ; Humans ; Nitrogen ; Sucrose ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: To establish the optimal cryopreservation method in mouse oocytes. METHODS: Firstly, mouse immature oocytes were exposed to various cryoprotectants, and then cryoprotectant with the best outcome was selected. Secondly, mouse immature oocytes were cryopreserved by either slow freezing and ultra-rapid thawing or vitrification. Finally, in mouse mature oocytes, the five different protocols were compared in their fertilization and hatching rates. RESULTS: 1) 1.5M 1,2-propanediol (PROH) and 1.5M PROH+0.1M sucrose had a higher rate of survival (73.1%, 81.9%) and in vitro maturation (28.2%, 30.1%). 2) Vitrification using 5.5M ethylene glycol (EG) showed significantly higher rate of survival and in vitro maturation, when compared with slow freezing and ultra-rapid thawing using 1.5M PROH+0.1M sucrose (65.9% vs 50.0%, 40.0% vs 28.2%, respectively). 3) In mouse mature oocytes, vitrification using 5.5M EG showed significantly higher survival rate, however, slow freezing and ultra-rapid thawing using 1.5M DMSO was superior to vitrification in view of fertilization rate. CONCLUSIONS: Vitrification showed better outcomes in mouse immature oocytes, but slow freezing and ultra-rapid thawing using 1.5M DMSO may be beneficial in mature oocytes.
Animals ; Cryopreservation* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Ethylene Glycol ; Fertilization ; Freezing ; Mice* ; Oocytes* ; Propylene Glycol ; Sucrose ; Survival Rate ; Vitrification

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the survival and developmental rate of two vitrification solutions for the vitrification of mouse expanded blastocysts. METHODS: Mouse embryos were obtained at 2 cell stage and cultured to expanded blastocyst stage in Human Tubal Fluid (HTF) medium supplemented with 10% serum substitute supplement (SSS). The vitrification solutions used were EFS40 and VS. EFS40 consisted of 40% ethylene glycol, 18% ficoll, and 0.5 M sucrose while VS consisted of 20% ethylene glycol, 20% DMSO, and 10% 1,3-butanediol diluted in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) medium supplemented with 10% calf serum (CS). Toxicity was tested by exposing expanded blastocysts to vitrification solution. The vitrification procedure used for EFS40 was performed in three steps, after which they were warmed in 5 steps with 0.5 M sucrose. VS was performed in two steps, after which they were warmed with 1.0 M trehalose. Recovery, survival and hatching rate per expanded blastocysts recovered were compared between two groups. RESULTS: In toxicity test, survival and hatching rate of EFS40 group were 95% and 100%, respectively. In contrast, survival and hatching rate of VS group were 100% and 87.5%, respectively. After vitrification and warming in solution, recovery rate for EFS40 group was 73.7% whereas recovery rate for VS group was 66.5%. After 24 h culture, survival and hatching rate were 80.5% and 20.7% for EFS40 and 66% and 0% for VS group, respectively. After 48 h culture, survival and hatching rate were 69% and 33.3% for EFS40 and 58.3% and 1.9% for VS group, respectively. Survival and hatching rate in EFS40 group were significantly higher than those found in VS group. CONCLUSION: The EFS40 solution was better than VS solution for vitrification of mouse expanded blastocysts.
Animals ; Blastocyst* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Embryonic Structures ; Ethylene Glycol ; Ficoll ; Humans ; Mice* ; Sucrose ; Toxicity Tests ; Trehalose ; Vitrification*

PURPOSE: Drug-induced non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema has been reported on in a drug case series. For most of the agents that cause pulmonary edema, the pathogenic mechanisms that are responsible for the pulmonary edema remain unknown. We report here on the cases of suspected drug-induced pulmonary edema and we analyze the clinical characteristics. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 1,345 patients who had drug adverse effects and drug poisoning from January 2005 to July 2010, and 480 of these patients were admitted to the EM Department. Among them, 17 patients developed abnormal chest radiological findings and they were analyzed for any clinical characteristics, the initial symptoms, securing the airway and the clinical results. RESULTS: Seventeen patients out of 480 (3.54%) developed drug-induced abnormal chest radiographic pulmonary edema; they displayed initial symptoms that included mental change (41.2%), dyspnea (17.6%), vomiting (11.8%), etc, and some displayed no symptoms at all (11.8%). Only 3 patients out of the 11 who died or had severe pulmonary edema were able to obtain an advanced airway prior to their arrival to the EM Department. Clinical recovery was generally rapid and this was mostly completed within 6 hours. The mortality rate was 11.8% (2 of 17 patients), and the causative drugs were found to be propofol (35.3%, 6 of 17 patients), multiple drugs (41.2% or 7 out of 17) and one patient each with ephedrine, ethylene glycol, doxylamine and an unknown drug, respectively. CONCLUSION: Drug-induced pulmonary edema and deaths are not uncommon, and recovery is typically rapid with few long-term sequelae when drug administration is discontinued. Oxygen therapy and securing the airway must be performed during transportation for patients with pulmonary edema.
Doxylamine ; Dyspnea ; Ephedrine ; Ethylene Glycol ; Ethylenes ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Oxygen ; Propofol ; Pulmonary Edema ; Thorax ; Transportation ; Vomiting

Ethylene glycol poisoning is treated mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase inhibition therapy and hemodialysis. Early recognition and initiation of treatment is important because toxic metabolites increase over time by hepatic metabolism; however, there is no confirmative diagnostic tool in our clinical setting. Therefore, diagnosis is dependent on history, high anion gap acidosis, high osmolal gap, etc.. Diagnosis and treatment are delayed in cases where history taking is not possible, such as a mental changed patient. Authors report on two cases of ethylene glycol poisoning by contrasting clinical outcomes, demonstrating the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for achievement of a good outcome.
Achievement ; Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Acidosis ; Alcohol Dehydrogenase ; Early Diagnosis ; Ethylene Glycol ; Ethylenes ; Osmolar Concentration ; Renal Dialysis

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the effect of vitrification on the survival and in vitro development of mice 1-cell zygotes. METHOD: Effects of exposure to vitrification solution and vitrification, with different concentrations of the cryoprotectant solution, were examined. The 1-cell zygotes were also subjected to a slow freezing- thawing method to compare with vitrification method. Solution composed of ethylene glycol (6.0 M, 5.0 M, 4.0 M) and sucrose (1.0 M) were used as cryopropectant. The experiments employed the method loading the embryos on electron microscope grids. RESULTS: I. The effects of exposure in vitrification solution 1-cell zygotes were non-toxic at all concentrations of the vitrification solution showing the survival rate between 88.1% and 97.5%. Development into 2-cell was more successful in the higher concentrations of the vitrification solution. Therefore, higher concentrations of the vitirification solution do not seem to cause any problems in vitrification procedure. II. The effects of vitrification method 1-cell zygotes showed the survival rate between 78.8% and 92.4%. The lowest and the highest survival rate was observed in the 6.0 M and 4.0 M vitrification solution, respectively. 2-cell development rates varied from 77.6% to 91.3%. Blastocyst development rate was shown highest in 5.0 M and the lowest in 4.0 M solution. Therefore, the highest 2-cell and blastocyst development rate was observed in 5.0 M solution. III. Comparison of vitrification and slow freezing-thawing method on 1-cell zygotes This experiment showed that 1-cell zygotes had the highest survival and development rates in 5.0 M vitrification solution. Vitrified group of 1-cell zygotes, in the 5.0 M vitrification solution, were compared with the group processed in slow freezing-thawing method. The development rate into 2-cell and blastocyst as well as the survival rate were higher in the vitrified group than in the slowly freezed group. CONCLUSION: 1. The results demonstrate that the best cryoprotectant is a 5.0 M vitrification solution for 1-cell zygotes. 2. Vitrification method significantly increases the survival rate of the 1-cell zygote and its development into 2-cell and blastocyst. Equilibration and exposure time during the vitrification was remarkerbly short in this experiment. Total time, from the exposure to vitirification solution to storage in the liquid nitrogen, was taken only 90 seconds. In contrast, the slow freezing-thawing method have taken more than four hours. Taken together, we presume that the overall time used for the procedure contributes to the results as an important parameter. 3. The loading of 1-cell zygotes on the EM grid is technically more simple and takes less time than the straw or cryo vial method.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Embryonic Structures ; Ethylene Glycol ; Group Processes ; Mice ; Nitrogen ; Sucrose ; Survival Rate ; Vitrification* ; Zygote*

Ethylene glycol is commonly found in automobile antifreeze and a variety of other commercial products. Ingestion of ethylene glycol, either accidentally or in a making an attempt at suicide, is characterized by severe metabolic acidosis, calcium oxalate crystal formation and deposition, and various end organ damages that may be fatal with about 80% mortality rate. We present here a case of a patient who ingested about 300cc of ethylene glycol to siucide, and developed acute renal failure, acute pancreatitis and bone marrow suppression, but successfully be treated with minimal sequelae.
Acidosis ; Acute Kidney Injury* ; Automobiles ; Bone Marrow* ; Calcium Oxalate ; Eating ; Ethylene Glycol* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Pancreatitis* ; Suicide