OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study evaluated the effect of dentin biomodifiers on the immediate and long-term bond strengths of a simplified etch and rinse adhesive to dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flat coronal dentin surfaces were prepared in 120 extracted human molars. Teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 24) according to 5 different surface pre-treatments: No pre-treatment (control); 1M carbodiimide (EDC); 0.1% epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG); 2% minocycline (MI); 10% sodium ascorbate (SA). After surface pre-treatment, adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB], 3M ESPE) was applied. Composite was applied into transparent plastic tubes (2.5 mm in diameter), which was placed over the bonded dentin surface. From each group, 10 samples were subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) evaluation at 24 hours (immediate) and remaining 10 samples were tested after 6 months (delayed). Additionally, 4 samples per group were subjected to scanning electron microscopic analysis for observation of resin-dentin interface. The data were statistically analysed with Shaperio‑Wilk W test, 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc Tukey's test. RESULTS: At 24 hours, SBS of all surface pre-treatment groups were comparable with the control group, with significant differences found between EDC and SA groups only (p = 0.009). After 6 months storage, EDC, EGCG, and MI pre-treatments preserved the resin-dentin bond strength with no significant fall. CONCLUSIONS: Dentin pre-treatment with all the dentin biomodifiers except SA resulted in significant preservation of resin-dentin bond over 6 months storage period, without negatively affecting the immediate bond strength of the etch and rinse adhesive tested.
Adhesives* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Dentin* ; Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Minocycline ; Molar ; Plastics ; Shear Strength ; Tooth

Today, the blood vessel substitutes are in large demand for coronary and peripheral bypass procedures, and the demand cannot be met by conventional sources. This problem will be solved by applying tissue-engineered blood vessel in clinics. The prefabrication of vascular scaffold will be involved in engineering a blood vessel substitute. Biological tissues are important biomaterials fabricating vascular scaffold which can offer better constructs for adhesion and growth of cells onto synthetic materials. Because of immediate degradation of biological tissues obtained from the abattoir, cadaver or patient and the presence of antigenicity in allogenic or xenogenic tissues, the fresh biological tissues can not directly be preserved and applied. The use and preservation of these natural biomaterials have typically required pre-treatment aimed at (1) reducing the antigenicity of the materials, (2) enhancing the resistance of the materials to enzymatic degradation, (3) stabilizing the structure of the tissues and maintaining their mechanical properties. Physical and chemical methods for the pre-treatment of biological tissues are available. The predominant chemical agents that have been investigated for the pre-treatment of biological tissues for vascular scaffold are glutaraldehyde, polyepoxy compound, carbodiimide, genipin and proanthocyanidin. Typical and particularly promising physical pre-treatment of biological tissues for vascular scaffold is dye-mediated photooxidation. The crosslinking mechanisms of all classes of pre-treatments and the effects of pre-treatments on antigenicity, biostability, mechanical properties, cytoxicity and calcification of treated tissues are described in this article. The advantages and disadvantages of all pre-treatments are also reviewed. The trend of pre-treatment of biological tissues is to investigate and exploit the naturally occurring crosslinking reagent with less cytoxicity. Meanwhile, dye-mediated photooxidation crosslink is also a promising pre-treatment which should be widely applied in vascular scaffold.
Biocompatible Materials ; Bioprosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide ; Glutaral ; Humans ; Iridoid Glycosides ; Iridoids ; Materials Testing ; Pyrans ; Stents ; Tissue Engineering

To establish a new immune assay for Penicillic Acid (PA) from Penicillium cyclopium, we studied the synthesis of conjugated complete antigens for penicillic acid. PA was conjugated to bovine serum album (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). The artificial antigens PA-BSA and PA-OVA were identified by ultraviolet spectrometric scanning, SDS-PAGE and immunization. Results showed that the absorption peak of conjugation were different from that of the carrier protein alone and of the PA. The conjugated ratio of PA and BSA was 23.2:1 and that of PA and OVA was 10.4:1. Balb/c mice were immunized by the artificial antigen of PA-BSA, with PA-OVA as coating antigen. The average titer of antiserums was more than 12 800 by indirect ELISA. The obtained antigens offered a basis for developing immunoassay method.
Animals ; Antibodies ; blood ; Antigens ; immunology ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin ; immunology ; Penicillic Acid ; immunology ; metabolism ; Penicillium ; immunology ; metabolism ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; immunology