No abstract available.
Bilirubin* ; Ethiodized Oil ; Fistula* ; Urinalysis

No abstract available.
Animals ; Dogs* ; Ethiodized Oil* ; Liver*

Lipiodol based conventional transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a standard of care for unresectable, non-invasive, and multinodular Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)s. The procedure relies on the intra-arterial administration of lipiodol/cytotoxic agent emulsion followed by the infusion of embolic material. Lipiodol, with its oily nature and radiopacifying properties, is in the center of the TACE procedure. Unstability and unpredictable therapeutic effect of hydrophilic cytotoxic drugs emulsified in the lipiodol and technical problems lie beyond the control of clinicians. Thus, interest in the properties and respective roles for lipiodol in the management of HCC is essential for the clinicians.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Ethiodized Oil* ; Standard of Care

PURPOSE: To assess the role and efficacy of radiologic intervention in the adult patients with esophagobronchial fistula. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiologic intervertion was performed in 4 patients with esophagobronchial fistula. We tried direct occlusion of fistula tract by glue(histoacylate 0.4cc + lipiodol 0.3cc) and coil in 2 patients and performed presurgical wire insertion by using 8F curved catheter via esophageal opening of fistula tract. The latter procedure was carled out to detect the fistula tract easily at operation. RESULTS: Direct occlusions of fistula tract by glue and coil were performed only to fail in 2 patients. Pre-surgical wire incertion by using 8F curred catheter under guidance of fluroscopy in 3 patients were helpful in detecting fistula tract at operation. CONCLUSION: Direct occlusion of the fistulous tract in esophagobronchial fistulas was ineffective. However, presur- gical wire insertion by using cured catheter under fluroscopy guidance is helpful to detect the fistula tract easily at operation.
Adhesives ; Adult* ; Catheters ; Ethiodized Oil ; Fistula* ; Humans

PURPOSE: Lipiodol CT is a important modality for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and compared is usually performed at 2-3 week after Lipiodol injection. Therefore, we assessed and the diagnostic value and merits of immediate CT after chemoembolization from there of 2-3 week delayed Lipiodol CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty three cases of chemoembolization which were performed both immediate CT after chemoembolization and 2-3 week delayed Lipiodol CT were reviewed retrospectively. They were divided into four grades according to pattern of lipiodol uptake by three radiologists. The diagnostic value of immediate Lipiiodol CT was compared to delayed Lipiodol CT. RESULTS: Grade 0 was two cases(3.0%) and Grade 1 was seven cases(21.2%). In the cases of Grade 2(23/33, 69.7%) tumor uptake could be dishng wished from parenchymal uptake of Lipiodol by its density and pattern. Tumor uptake showed dense and homogeneous pattern, but parenchymal uptake revealed less dense and hepatoram-like wedge shaped pattern. Lipiodol uptake of tumor in Grade 3(1/24, 3.0%) was equal to that in delayed Lipiodrl CT. Grade 3 and 2(72.7%) of the immediate Lipiodol CT were not inferior to delayed Lipiodol CT in its diagnostic value. CONCLUSION: The immediate Lipiodol CT could make rapid establishment of treatment plan and are expected to be more convenient than delayed CT for the patients.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Diagnosis ; Ethiodized Oil ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The chemoembolization with Lipiodol and doxorubicin hydrochloride is used in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. What condition is the ideal emulsion of Lipiodol and doxorubicin for excellent anticancer effect? METHOD AND MATERIALS: Microscopic evaluation was performed on the emulsions, which were varied with different specific gravities of doxorubicin solutions, degrees in mixing of the emulsion, and amount of Lipiodol. RESULT: 1. Maximal amount of doxorubicin solution was contained in Lipiodol droplets and the release of doxorubicin from the droplets were delayed, when specific gravity of doxorubicin was equal to that of Lipiodol (SG, 1.28). 2. The optimal therapertic ratio of Lipiodol and doxorubicin was 3:2 at least, as in the emulsion less than 3:2, unmixed free forms of doxorubicin solution were increased. 3. The emulsion mixed by pumping 50--100 times had smaller Lipiodol droplets and contained larger amount of doxorubicin solution in the droplets than by pumping 20 times. CONCLUSION: We recommend the emulsion with specific gravity of doxorubicin equal to Lipiodol (SG. 1.28), the ratio of Lipiodol and doxorubicin closo to 3:2, and the mixture prepased with puming 50--100 times.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Doxorubicin ; Emulsions ; Ethiodized Oil ; Humans ; Specific Gravity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of renal CT scanning and to histologicallycorrelate renal damage induced by renal arterial infusion of 0.2 ml/kg of doxorubicin-lipiodol emulsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Renal CT scans of 20 rabbit kidneys were obtained 15 days after transcatheter arterialchemoembolization and were classified into four grades, as follows : Grade 0 - no fleck, Grade 1 - one to threenodular flecks ; Grade 2 - four or more nodular flecks, or one semilunar fleck ; and Grade 3 - two or moresemilunar flecks. The percentage of histological section occupied by lesion was determined using squared paper,and compared with the grades determined on the basis of CT. RESULTS: The histologic findings were interstitialinflammatory cell infiltration, intratubular lipiodol droplets, dystrophic calcification, and cellular necrosis.The mean sizes of grade 0, 1, 2 and 3 histological lesions were 2.2%(n=5), 4.5%(n=4), 21.9%(n=7), and 24%(n=4),respectively. Grades 0 and 1 accounted for nine cases(3.2%), while grades 2 and 3 accounted for 11(22.6%) ; thisdifference was statistically significant(p<0.01). CONCLUSION: CT findings showing nodular or semilunar flecks 15days after infusion into the renal artery of doxorubicin-lipiodol emulsion correlate with the size of the damagedkidney, as seen on histological specimens.
Ethiodized Oil ; Kidney ; Renal Artery* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) as a preoperative treatment for initially unresectable hepatoblastomas. METHODS: From January 1995 to July 1999, we identified two boys and three girls(age range: 5- 27 months; mean age: 12 months) with pathologically-confirmed hepatoblastoma. To assess response to treatment, we utilized an identical TACE procedure for all the patients. A second TACE procedure was performed 3 weeks after the first TACE procedure and patients underwent tumor resection approximately 1 month following the second TACE procedure. The therapeutic responses to TACE were assessed by measuring of tumor size, shape, observation of tumor properties using abdominal computed tomography(CT), gross and microscopic pathologic findings, levels of alpha- feto protein(AFP) and clinical adverse events to TACE. RESULTS: In these patients, hepatoblastomas showed marked reductions in tumor size. Massive tumor necrosis and homogeneous distribution of lipiodol created a clear margin bordered by surrounding normal liver tissue. At initial diagnosis, the mean AFP leve1=867Ang/mL, 47.4ng/mL after second TACE, and 8.6ng/mL at 6 months after surgical resection. Transient fever was ob- served following TACE and elevations of levels of AST and ALT were observed but these normalized 2 weeks following TACE. No major complications were associated with TACE. CONCLUSION: We suggest that preoperative TACE is an effective, safe, and useful method for patients with initially unresectable hepatoblastoma.
Diagnosis ; Ethiodized Oil ; Fever ; Hepatoblastoma* ; Humans ; Liver ; Necrosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate intrahepatic nodular lesions detected on CTAP but not on conventional contrast CT in regard to its relationship with satellite nodules or borderline malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 1991 to March 1994, CTAP was undertaken in 132 cases with confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), of which 35 cases having 82 lesions were suitable for analysis(excluding the cases which had no follow-up studies, showed segmental abnormal portal perfusion, no additional lesions and, or inumerable lesions). The CTAP findings were compared with those on artery dominant imaging studies (angiography, DSA, bolus dynamic CT, arterial CT, Lipiodol CT) taken during the same period(to confirm the presence of lesions) and the findings on follow-up imaging studies(to assess the developemerit of malignancy). RESULTS: Arterial vascularity was identified in 35 of 82 lesions(42.7%) on arterial dominant imaging studies. Developement into malignancy was identified on follow-up imaging studies in 25 of remained 47 lesions(53.2%). CONCLUSION: The total positive predictive value of nodules on CTAP was 73.2%(35+25/82), but the predictive value for HCC by follow-up only was 53.2%. Given'the difficulties in detecting intranodular arterial flow and the short follow-up duration in many patients, the actual positive value might be higher.
Arteries ; Ethiodized Oil ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Perfusion

PURPOSE: To evaluate intrahepatic nodular lesions detected on CTAP but not on conventional contrast CT in regard to its relationship with satellite nodules or borderline malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 1991 to March 1994, CTAP was undertaken in 132 cases with confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), of which 35 cases having 82 lesions were suitable for analysis(excluding the cases which had no follow-up studies, showed segmental abnormal portal perfusion, no additional lesions and, or inumerable lesions). The CTAP findings were compared with those on artery dominant imaging studies (angiography, DSA, bolus dynamic CT, arterial CT, Lipiodol CT) taken during the same period(to confirm the presence of lesions) and the findings on follow-up imaging studies(to assess the developemerit of malignancy). RESULTS: Arterial vascularity was identified in 35 of 82 lesions(42.7%) on arterial dominant imaging studies. Developement into malignancy was identified on follow-up imaging studies in 25 of remained 47 lesions(53.2%). CONCLUSION: The total positive predictive value of nodules on CTAP was 73.2%(35+25/82), but the predictive value for HCC by follow-up only was 53.2%. Given'the difficulties in detecting intranodular arterial flow and the short follow-up duration in many patients, the actual positive value might be higher.
Arteries ; Ethiodized Oil ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Perfusion