Eribulin is a synthetic microtubule dynamics inhibitor that was developed from a marine natural product halichondrin B. It exhibited in vitro and in vivo activities against a wide number of malignancies. A number of advanced phase trials showed improved survival following eribulin treatment in pretreated advanced breast cancer patients. This review provides an overview of the background to the therapeutic use of eribulin in oncology, including its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety, and potential economic factors.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Drug Evaluation ; Ethers, Cyclic ; Furans ; Humans ; Ketones ; Macrolides ; Microtubules

The frequency and scale of Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) and marine algal toxin incidents have been increasing and spreading in the past two decades, causing damages to the marine environment and threatening human life through contaminated seafood. To better understand the effect of HAB and marine algal toxins on marine environment and human health in China, this paper overviews HAB occurrence and marine algal toxin incidents, as well as their environmental and health effects in this country. HAB has been increasing rapidly along the Chinese coast since the 1970s, and at least 512 documented HAB events have occurred from 1952 to 2002 in the Chinese mainland. It has been found that PSP and DSP toxins are distributed widely along both the northern and southern Chinese coasts. The HAB and marine algal toxin events during the 1990s in China were summarized, showing that the HAB and algal toxins resulted in great damages to local fisheries, marine culture, quality of marine environment, and human health. Therefore, to protect the coastal environment and human health, attention to HAB and marine algal toxins is urgently needed from the environmental and epidemiological view.
Amnesia ; chemically induced ; Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Ciguatoxins ; toxicity ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Dinoflagellida ; Environment ; Eukaryota ; chemistry ; Eutrophication ; Fisheries ; Food Contamination ; Foodborne Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Kainic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; poisoning ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Marine Toxins ; chemistry ; poisoning ; toxicity ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; etiology ; Okadaic Acid ; poisoning ; Oxocins ; poisoning ; Paralysis ; chemically induced ; Seawater ; Shellfish Poisoning

Marine antitumor drugs have been the research focus in the world. Recently, advancement has been made in the investigation of six types of compounds including bryostatin-1, ecteinascidin-743, dolastatin, didemnin B, psammaplin and halichondrin B. In this review, we summarized the recent research progress of the above mentioned marine antitumor drugs and their derivatives. Also, the development tendency of marine antitumor drugs was discussed.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Biological Products ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Bryostatins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Depsipeptides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Dioxoles ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Disulfides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ethers, Cyclic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Macrolides ; Marine Biology ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Tetrahydroisoquinolines ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Tyrosine ; analogs & derivatives ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the hazards of demulsifier production process.

METHODSThe air of production environment was monitored, and physical examinations were conducted on 52 exposure workers and 53 non-exposure workers (control), all the medical checks including clinical, electromyography and laboratory checks.

RESULTSThe air concentration of propylene oxide was 4.6 mg/m3, and the concentration of Ethylene oxide was 4.8 mg/m3. There was significant difference between exposure group and control group in terms of the incidence of neurasthenic syndromes, lachrymation, laryngopharyngeal ache, inappetence, tired and quadriplegia (P <0.01). The incidence of Achilles's tendon reflection, knee jerk slacking up, chronic pharyngitis, coryza, acne, hair lose and pneumonia were significantly higher in study group than that in control group (P <0.01). Peripheral nerve damage of impairment incidence rate was 40.4%, significantly higher than that in control group (9.4%). No significant difference was found between groups on IgG, IgA and IgM. And also did the rate of chromosome aberrance (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclie cell (MC) of peripheral blood (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe production environment of demulisier could stimulate respiratory channel and affect peripheral nerve and central nerve, but no aberrance effects were found.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Epoxy Compounds ; toxicity ; Ethylene Oxide ; toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Young Adult

This study briefly introduces the basic theory of sterilization, the characteristics of ethylene oxide sterilization for medical devices and the key factors about sterilization effectiveness, analyzes and compares three methods used in the product release of medical devices sterilized by ethylene oxide: test for sterility, traditional release and parametric release, and focuses on the theoretical basis, feasibility, validation requirements, advantages and disadvantages of parametric release.
Ethylene Oxide ; Sterilization/methods*

In this work, the surface activity of block copolymer nonionic surfactants (RPE) has been determined, i.e., critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (gamma), surface area demand per molecule (A), surface tension at CMC (gamma(CMC)). A linear decrease of ln[CMC] vs number of oxypropylene units in copolymer molecule was observed. The change in the work of cohesion per oxypropylene group when passing from molecular into micellar state, calculated from the Shinoda equation, was 0.43 kT for the studied compounds.
Colloids ; chemistry ; Epoxy Compounds ; chemistry ; Ethylene Oxide ; chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Micelles ; Molecular Structure ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Surface Tension ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry

A variety files made of stainless steel (S-S) or nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) are used during endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the corrosion susceptibility of S-S and Ni-Ti endodontic files. Three brands of files were used for this study: K-flex(R) S-S files (Maillefer, USA), Profile(R) Ni-Ti files (Maillefer, USA), K-3(R) Ni-Ti files (SybronEndo, USA). 120 files of each brands (21mm, ISO size #20) were divided into 12 groups according to 1) sterilization methods using Autoclave or Ethylene Oxide (E-O) gas, 2) Irrigation solutions using 5.25 % NaOCl or Saline, 3) the number of sterilization (1, 5, 10 times). After above procedures, each of the files was inspected by three examiners with a light microscope and camera at X25. Each file was judged and ranked according to the following criteria: 0; no corrosion, 1; mild corrosion, 2; moderate corrosion, and 3; severe corrosion. The files of high score were examined under the Scanning Electron Microscope. Data were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Most of the ten time-autoclaved files had showed mild to moderate corrosion. But, one or five time-autoclaved files did not show corrosive surface. NaOCl treatment and E-O gas sterilization did not influence on corrosion. There was a significant difference in corrosion susceptibility between sterilization methods and the number of autoclaving. However, there was no significant difference between brands and file materials.
Corrosion* ; Ethylene Oxide ; Stainless Steel ; Sterilization*

Recently, we performed an ezperi nlent to detect residual ethylene oxide(EO) gas and methylmethacrylate(MMA) monomer in the intraocular lenses from eleven different makers using gas-liquid chromatography. The residual EO gas over 25ppm was seen in 2 makers and also the MMA monomer over 2% was present in two makers. As a result, we recommend that the precise product quality-control of the IOLes is necessary especially for the lenses from foreign manufacturers.
Chromatography, Gas ; Ethylene Oxide* ; Lenses, Intraocular

Recently, we performed an ezperi nlent to detect residual ethylene oxide(EO) gas and methylmethacrylate(MMA) monomer in the intraocular lenses from eleven different makers using gas-liquid chromatography. The residual EO gas over 25ppm was seen in 2 makers and also the MMA monomer over 2% was present in two makers. As a result, we recommend that the precise product quality-control of the IOLes is necessary especially for the lenses from foreign manufacturers.
Chromatography, Gas ; Ethylene Oxide* ; Lenses, Intraocular

Using the all closed covering low-temperature method, we successfully made the packaging and sampling of ethylene oxide standard.
Ethylene Oxide ; standards ; Sterilization ; instrumentation ; methods