Cellulosic ethanol, with the advantages of renewable resource, cleanliness and safety, is the mainstream of new energy development and has obtained extensive attention worldwide. In this review, the biological characteristics of beets were introduced, and then the superiority and application progress of beets and its by-product sugar beet pulp in the bioethanol production were stated. At last, cellulosic ethanol production coupled with the component separation and comprehensive utilization of beet pulp was proposed.
Beta vulgaris ; chemistry ; Biofuels ; Cellulose ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Oxytropis falcate.

METHODThe air-dried whole plants of O. falcate were extracted with EtOH (90%) three times at room temperature. The compounds were isolated by silica-gel, polyamide, C-18 and Sphadex LH-20 columns. The structures were identified based on spectral elucidation.

RESULTFourteen compounds were isolated from O. falcate and identified as, (-)-7-methoxy-dihydroflavone (1), (-)-5-hydroxy-7-methyoxy-dihydroflavone (2), (-)-pinocembrin (3), (-)-7-hydroxy-dihydroflavone (4), 4'-methoxy-2'-hydroxy-chalcone (5), 2', 4'-dihydroxy-dihydrochalcone (6), 2',4'-dihydroxy-chalcone (7), (-)-maackiain (8), tetrahydroflemichapparin-B (9), dalbergin (10), N-benzoyl-2-phenylethylamine (11), n-tetracosanol (12), rhamnocitrin-3-O-beta-neohesperidoside (13), beta-sitosterol (14).

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds were isolated from O. falcate for the first time.

Chromatography ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Oxytropis ; chemistry ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo identify products decomposed in high temperature water and alcohol from diester alkaloids such as aconitum alkaloid, in order to study their transformation regularity.

METHODStructures of multiple converted products were determined by analyzing on multistage mass spectrometry of known compounds and literature searching.

RESULTBenzaconine and pyraconitine were the major hydrolysates, while pyraconitine and ethoxy-aconitine were the major alcoholysates from diester alkaloids.

CONCLUSIONPyraconitine alkaloids, as pyrolytic products, are not related to the type of solvent. 8-ethoxy-aconitine alkaloids, as alcoholysates, are related to the type of solvent. This study identifies multiple converted products from alkaloids and summarizes mass spectrometry fragmentation regularity by LC-MS, laying a firm foundation for studies on the transformation of toxic diester alkaloids contained in aconitum and providing a basis for studies on the transformation of alkaloids contained in aconitum during boiling.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Mass Spectrometry

The petroleum ether fraction of ethanol extract of Acorus tatarinowii were separated by column chromatography and recrystallization to afford seven compounds. On the spectroscopic analysis, they were identified as 1-hydroxy-7(11),9-guaiadien-8-one (1), calamenone(2), cis-asarone(3), chrysophanol (4), physcion (5), emodin (6), (+)-galbacin (7). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 4-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Acorus ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; Ether ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

Based on the nanofiltration mass transfer model, the enhanced separation behavior of ephedrine in organic solution was studied. In the experiment, the sensitive region of ethanol concentration and pH on the rejection of ephedrine was screened out by Box-Behnken central composite experiment design. Furthermore, to analyze the separation regularity of ephedrine and organic solution, the correlation between mass transfer coefficient and concentration of organic solvent was fitted with the changed organic solution by nanofiltration mass transfer mathematical model. Experiments showed the enhanced separation behavior, the decrease in the mass transfer coefficient while the increase in ethanol concentration from 20% to 40%, MWCO at 450 and pH 6.0. Under the same conditions, the enhanced separation behavior was appeared as the solvent changed into methanol and acetonitrile, the enhanced effect was positively correlated with the concentration of the three common organic solvents, and the effect order was acetonitrile>ethanol>methanol. This study took ephedrine as an example, and explored the mechanism of nanofiltration separation in the environment of organic solution, so as to provide references for nanofiltration separation for heat-sensitive traditional Chinese medicine of alkaloid.
Ephedrine ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; Methanol ; Molecular Weight ; Solvents

OBJECTIVETo study chemical constituents from the roots of Saussurea lappa.

METHODChemical constituents were separated and purified by various techniques such as silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 and reversed phase RP-18 column chromatography. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data.

RESULTSeventeen compounds were separated and identified as ascleposide E(1), (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol-4"-O-methyl ester-4'-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), (+)-1 -hydroxypinoresinol-4"-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(3), (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol-1-O-P-D-glucopyranoside (4), phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), n-butyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), ilicic alcohol (8), beta-cyclocostunolide (9), reynosin (10), 11beta, 13-dihydroreynosin (11), arbusculin A(12), 1beta-hydroxy-arbusculin A (13), santamarin (14), dehydrocostuslactone (15), 11beta, 13-dihydro-3-epizaluzanin C(16)and costunolide (17).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-2 were separated from this genus for the first time,and compounds 3,5-7 were separated from this plant for the first time.

Ethanol ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Lactones ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Saussurea ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane ; chemistry

The effects of reaction temperature, ethanol concentration and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the ethylene production from ethanol dehydration using zinc, manganese and cobalt modified HZSM-5 catalyst were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the most significant effect among factors was reaction temperature and the factors had interaction. The optimum conditions were found as 34.4% ethanol concentration, 261.3 0 degrees C of reaction temperature and 1.18 h(-1) of WHSV, under these conditions the yield of ethylene achieved 98.69%.
Catalysis ; Cobalt ; chemistry ; Dehydration ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Ethylenes ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Manganese ; chemistry ; Zeolites ; chemistry ; Zinc ; chemistry

Chemical constituents of ethanol extract of Pulsatillae Radix were investigated. The n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract of Pulsatillae Radix was isolated and purified by macroporous resin and silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The triterpenoid glycosides were identified by multiple spectral methods. Six compounds were obtained from the n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract of Pulsatillae Radix and identified as 23-aldehyde-cussosaponin C(1), cussosaponin C(2), anemoside B4(3), akebia saponin D(4), pulchinenoside E3(5), and hederacoside C(6). Among them, compound 1 was a new compound.
1-Butanol ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Glycosides/chemistry* ; Ethanol/chemistry*

OBJECTIVETo develop a green and rapid method for extraction of lobetyolin from C. pilosula.

METHODExtraction of lobetyolin from C. pilosula with supercritical carbon dioxide in the presence of ethanol was studied. The effects of pressure, temperature, volume of cosolvent and extraction time on efficiency and their interactive relationships were discussed, based on central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM).

RESULTThe key effect factor was volume of cosolvent. The extraction yield of lobetyolin was 0.078 6 mg x g(-1) when C. pilosula (40-60 mesh) was extracted at 30 MPa, 60 degrees C and 2 L x min(-1) (as CO2 in normal pressure and temperature) for 100 minutes with supercritical CO2 and 1 mL x min(-1) ethanol as dynamic cosolvent.

CONCLUSIONThis result is better than that obtained from traditional method. Therefore, the optimized process is valuable for extraction of lobetyolin from C. pilosula.

Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Polyacetylenes ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate chemical constituents from an ethanolic extract of the branch of Fraxinus sieboldiana (Oleaceaue)

METHODThe constituents were isolated and purified by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Structures of the isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and MS techniques.

RESULTFour phenolic and twelve phenylethanoidal glycosides were obtained and their structures were identified as 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), osmanthuside H (5), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), calceolarioside B (10), calceolarioside A (11), ferruginoside A (12), isolugrandoside (13), acteoside (14), chiritotoside C (15), and plantasisoside (16).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-4,9,12, 13 and 16 were obtained from the genus Fraxinus for the first time.

Ethanol ; chemistry ; Fraxinus ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Phenol ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry