Endometriosis is a benign condition in which endometrial glands and stroma are present outside the uterine cavity. The most common sites are the ovaries. Abdominal wall implantation, although uncommon, typically occurs in areas of previous surgical scars, usually involving the subcutaneous tissue. Endometriosis arising in the rectus abdominis muscle is rare. A case of extra pelvic endometriosis, spontaneously arising within the rectus abdominis muscle, in the absence of a previous surgical scar, is presented here.

Human ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Rectus Abdominis ; Endometriosis ; Abdominal Wall ; Cicatrix ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Ovary ; Endometrium ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Uterus ; Vulva

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society Clinical Practice Guidelines (POGS-CPG) and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) against pregnancy outcomes.
METHODS: This is a randomized controlled trial which enlisted patients attending the Out-patient clinic of our institution. All women included in the study were requested to take a 2-hour 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between estimated 24th and 28th gestational weeks. In order to diagnose GDM, POGS-CPG consensus required a fasting plasma glucose of >92 mg/dl (5.1 mmol/L) or a 2-hour post-glucose load of >140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/ml) while lADPSG criteria required 92 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L) for fasting plasma glucose, 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L)
1-hour post-glucose load, or 153 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L) 2-hour post-glucose load. Only 1 abnormal value on the OGTT is needed on both criteria to diagnose GDM. Women with diabetes antedating pregnancy were excluded in this study. Based on the 75-g OGTT result, the patients were divided into 4 groups and were followed through delivery. Pregnancy out-comes of the 4 groups were then compared.
RESULTS: Among the 389 patients studied, POGS-CPG group had a GDM prevalence rate of 29% whereas the IADPSG group had 16%. Trends have shown that in patients diagnosed with GDM under IADSGP and POGS criteria, no significant differences in the birth-weight status (p=0.156), mode of delivery (p=1.000), indication of cesarean section (p=1.000), and other complications (p=1.000) were noted. The 75 g OGTT values of patients in both groups were not significant predictors of APGAR scores. However, the 1-hour post-glucose load value was shown to be a significant
predictor of birth weight. Yet, the regression models of FBS parameters in predicting APGAR scores and birth weight were still weak.
CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference noted between the IADPSG group versus the POGS-CPG group in terms of maternal neonatal outcome.

Human ; Female ; Adult ; Pregnancy ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Blood Glucose ; Birth Weight ; Glucose ; Cesarean Section ; Pregnancy In Diabetics