PURPOSE: To compare the effect of medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropes who had previous monocular medial rectus resection and lateral rectus recession and in non- accommodative esotropes (NAET) with small angle of deviation who had no prior operation. METHODS: We studied the results of unilateral medial rectus recession at postoperative 2 and 6 months in 7 consecutive esotropes and 19 NAET with deviation angle around 20 PD, and analyzed the corrected amount for 1 mm medial rectus recession. We regarded deviated angle of+/-8 PD at orthophoria as successful operation. RESULTS: The abosolute value of remained deviation in consecutive esotropes and NAET were 4.86+/-5.67 PD and 9.05+/-3.95 PD at postoperative 2 months, and 5.42+/-7.89 PD and 8.26+/-4.45 PD at postoperative 6 months, respectively. There were significant differences between at postoperative 2 and 6 months (p<0.05). The success rates in consecutive esotropes and NAET at postoperative 2 months were 86% and 42%, and 71% and 47%, respectively at postoperative 6 months, which were no significant differences (p>0.05). The average amount of corrected deviation for 1 mm recession at postoperative 6 months was 5.84 PD in consecutive esotropes and 2.97 PD in NAET, which were significant differences (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Unilateral medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropes may be a useful and first choice of operation procedure when considering second operation. The amount of correction for 1 mm medial rectus recession is larger in consecutive esotropes than in NAET, possibly due to previous resection of medial rectus or release of fat adhesion. Therefore the amount of medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropia should be determined after considering the degree of abduction and operative findings.
Esotropia*

We analysed the results of residual esotropia with deviation of 15 to 35 prism diopters after a full correction with bimedial rectus recession and unilateral medial rectus recession. The remained mean deviation at postoperative 2 months was 6.17 prism diopters in unilateral MR recession group and 4.23 prism diopters in BMR recession group. The success rates were 75% in unilateral MR recession group and 87% in BMR recession group at postoperative 2 months, 56% in unilateral MR recession group and 89% in BMR recession group at postoperative 6 months. The difference of success rates in two groups at 2 months is not significant statistically but the success rate of BMR recession group at 6 months was higher than that of unilateral MR recession group significantly. There were no significant differences in success rate and residual deviation between the groups of nonaccomodative, partially accomodative esotropia, and all esotropias under 20 prism diopters. In conclusion, unilateral MR recession is considered as very useful surgical procedure in all kinds of esotropia under 20 prism diopters. But further study in the moderate degree esotropia over 20 prism diopters is need.
Esotropia*

No abstract available.
Esotropia

Twenty patients with small angle esotropia of 12 delta - 20 delta were treated with a unilateral medial rectus recession of 4.0 - 5.0 mm. Eighteen of the 20 patients(90%) showed 8 delta or less horizontal deviations after surgery. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0 mm recession in 15 delta esotropia group was 15 delta that with 4.5 mm recesstion in 15 delta - 20 delta esotropia group was 14.8 delta and that with 4.5 - 5.0 mm recession in 20 delta esotropia group was 15.2 delta. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm recession were 12 delta, 15 delta and 14.6 delta respectively. The recession of one medial rectus muscle is a safe, predictable and simple procedure for the surgical treatmont of small angle esotropia.
Esotropia* ; Humans

Twenty patients with small angle esotropia of 12 delta - 20 delta were treated with a unilateral medial rectus recession of 4.0 - 5.0mm. Eighteen of the 20 patients (90%) showed 8 delta or less horizontal deviations after surgery. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0mm recession in 15 delta esotropia group was 15 delta, that with 4.5mm recesstion in 15 delta - 20 delta esotropia group was 14.8 delta and that with 4.5 - 5.0mm recession in 20 delta esotropia group was 15.2 delta. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 5.0mm recession were 12 delta, 15 delta and 14.6 delta respectively. The recession of one medial rectus muscle is a safe, predictable and simple procedure for the surgical treatmont of small angle esotropia.
Esotropia* ; Humans

Objective: To compare the postoperative alignment of patients surgically corrected for esotropia or exotropia 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Method: This retrospective study reviewed clinical records of patients who underwent horizontal muscle surgery at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital from 2010 to 2014. The changes in alignment from 1 week to 6 weeks and from 1 week to 6 months after surgery were compared for overcorrection, undercorrection, and adequate correction groups. ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used. Results: Twenty two esotropia and 10 exotropia patients were included. Overcorrected esotropia patients had an esotropic change in alignment (15.50+13.44 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.026; 25+18.38 PD after 6 months, p=0.008). Under corrected esotropia patients had an exotropic change in alignment (-1.25+5.91 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.026;-4.38+14.16 PD after 6 months, p=0.008). Undercorrected exotropia patients had an esotropic change in alignment (6.67+6.35 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.028; 6+9.85 PD after 6 months, p=0.024). The presence of vertical deviations in esotropia caused an exotropic change in alignment after 6 months (p=0.03). Conclusion Although an exotropic drift is more commonly reported, fusional vergences may account for postoperative alignment changes towards orthotropia.
Esotropia ; Exotropia

Manifest latent nystagmus (MLN) combined with esotropia may be confused with the nystagmus blockage syndrome (NBS), so the NBS may be overdiagnosed. The NBS is similar to MLN in the characteristics of the nystagmus and the clinical features, thus two diseases must be differentiated. In order to differentiate the MLN with esotropia from the NBS, accurate calibration of slow phase of nystagmus is essential with the aid of electro-oculography (EOG). With EOG recording, authors report a case of MLN associated with esotropia which may be misdiagnosed as the NBS.
Calibration ; Electrooculography ; Esotropia

A case of bilateral congenital ptosis with strong heredity. studied and treated at eye clinic in S.R.C.H. is reported. The ptosis was associated with external ophthalmoplegia and blepharophimosis in both eyes, and right esotropia. And typically eyeballs turned media-inferiorly when lids forcibly closed (inverted Bell's phenomenon).
Blepharophimosis ; Esotropia ; Heredity ; Ophthalmoplegia

PURPOSE: To investigate the factors associated with surgical success in cases of unilateral medial rectus resection and lateral rectus recession in the intermittent exotropia. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with basic-type intermittent exotropia were included in this study. They underwent unilateral recession of the lateral rectus and resection of the medial rectus muscle and were followed postoperatively for at least one year. Surgical results were analyzed to assess the association with preoperative factors, including the angle of deviation, difference of deviation between near and far, stereoacuity at far using B-VAT(R), and Worth 4 dot test (W4DT) at near, and postoperative factors, including the position at near and far at one week, stereoacuity at far using B-VAT(R) at one year, and W4DT at near and far. Surgical success was defined as esotropia within 5 prism diopters (PD) at near and far or within 10PD at near and far at one year postoperatively. RESULTS: Patients with a preoperative difference of deviation between near and far within 5PD had a better surgical outcome than patients with 6~10PD (p=0.03). There was a statistically significant relationship between position at one week postoperatively (especially esotropia or orthotropia at near and far) and success ratio (p<0.05). Other factors were not statistically related to surgical success (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The difference of preoperative deviation between near and far within 5PD and within 5PD esotropia and orthotropia at near and far at one week postoperatively were significantly associated with a good surgical outcome and could be good prognostic indicators.
Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Humans

There are many factors that influence the response of strabismus surgery. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of axial length on the response to strabismus surgery. Axial length was determined preoperatively on 156 non-paralytic horizontal strabismus patients undergoing strabismus surgery from February, 1993 to April, 1994. The mean axial length in all patients was 22.29+/-1.35mm. In esotropia the mean axial length was 21.24+/-1.12mm and in exotropia the mean axial length was 22.68+/-1.23mm. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between axial length and surgery response (prism diopters per millimeter of recuts recession) in esotropic patients (R=-0.51 p=0.0006). Especially in aquired esotropia, a more significant correlation was found between axial length and surgery respinse (R=-0.73 P=0.0001). The relationship in esotropia was linear and could be written as the approximate regression formula : surgery response=9.51-0.29* axial length (R=-0.454 P=0.03). However, a poor correlation was found between axial length and surgery response in exotropia. Therefore it is regraded as being effective that the amount of recession in esotropia should be graduated according to axial length.
Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Strabismus*