PURPOSE: To compare the effect of medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropes who had previous monocular medial rectus resection and lateral rectus recession and in non- accommodative esotropes (NAET) with small angle of deviation who had no prior operation. METHODS: We studied the results of unilateral medial rectus recession at postoperative 2 and 6 months in 7 consecutive esotropes and 19 NAET with deviation angle around 20 PD, and analyzed the corrected amount for 1 mm medial rectus recession. We regarded deviated angle of+/-8 PD at orthophoria as successful operation. RESULTS: The abosolute value of remained deviation in consecutive esotropes and NAET were 4.86+/-5.67 PD and 9.05+/-3.95 PD at postoperative 2 months, and 5.42+/-7.89 PD and 8.26+/-4.45 PD at postoperative 6 months, respectively. There were significant differences between at postoperative 2 and 6 months (p<0.05). The success rates in consecutive esotropes and NAET at postoperative 2 months were 86% and 42%, and 71% and 47%, respectively at postoperative 6 months, which were no significant differences (p>0.05). The average amount of corrected deviation for 1 mm recession at postoperative 6 months was 5.84 PD in consecutive esotropes and 2.97 PD in NAET, which were significant differences (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Unilateral medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropes may be a useful and first choice of operation procedure when considering second operation. The amount of correction for 1 mm medial rectus recession is larger in consecutive esotropes than in NAET, possibly due to previous resection of medial rectus or release of fat adhesion. Therefore the amount of medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropia should be determined after considering the degree of abduction and operative findings.
Esotropia*

We analysed the results of residual esotropia with deviation of 15 to 35 prism diopters after a full correction with bimedial rectus recession and unilateral medial rectus recession. The remained mean deviation at postoperative 2 months was 6.17 prism diopters in unilateral MR recession group and 4.23 prism diopters in BMR recession group. The success rates were 75% in unilateral MR recession group and 87% in BMR recession group at postoperative 2 months, 56% in unilateral MR recession group and 89% in BMR recession group at postoperative 6 months. The difference of success rates in two groups at 2 months is not significant statistically but the success rate of BMR recession group at 6 months was higher than that of unilateral MR recession group significantly. There were no significant differences in success rate and residual deviation between the groups of nonaccomodative, partially accomodative esotropia, and all esotropias under 20 prism diopters. In conclusion, unilateral MR recession is considered as very useful surgical procedure in all kinds of esotropia under 20 prism diopters. But further study in the moderate degree esotropia over 20 prism diopters is need.
Esotropia*

No abstract available.
Esotropia

Twenty patients with small angle esotropia of 12 delta - 20 delta were treated with a unilateral medial rectus recession of 4.0 - 5.0mm. Eighteen of the 20 patients (90%) showed 8 delta or less horizontal deviations after surgery. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0mm recession in 15 delta esotropia group was 15 delta, that with 4.5mm recesstion in 15 delta - 20 delta esotropia group was 14.8 delta and that with 4.5 - 5.0mm recession in 20 delta esotropia group was 15.2 delta. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 5.0mm recession were 12 delta, 15 delta and 14.6 delta respectively. The recession of one medial rectus muscle is a safe, predictable and simple procedure for the surgical treatmont of small angle esotropia.
Esotropia* ; Humans

Twenty patients with small angle esotropia of 12 delta - 20 delta were treated with a unilateral medial rectus recession of 4.0 - 5.0 mm. Eighteen of the 20 patients(90%) showed 8 delta or less horizontal deviations after surgery. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0 mm recession in 15 delta esotropia group was 15 delta that with 4.5 mm recesstion in 15 delta - 20 delta esotropia group was 14.8 delta and that with 4.5 - 5.0 mm recession in 20 delta esotropia group was 15.2 delta. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm recession were 12 delta, 15 delta and 14.6 delta respectively. The recession of one medial rectus muscle is a safe, predictable and simple procedure for the surgical treatmont of small angle esotropia.
Esotropia* ; Humans

Objective: To compare the postoperative alignment of patients surgically corrected for esotropia or exotropia 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Method: This retrospective study reviewed clinical records of patients who underwent horizontal muscle surgery at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital from 2010 to 2014. The changes in alignment from 1 week to 6 weeks and from 1 week to 6 months after surgery were compared for overcorrection, undercorrection, and adequate correction groups. ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used. Results: Twenty two esotropia and 10 exotropia patients were included. Overcorrected esotropia patients had an esotropic change in alignment (15.50+13.44 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.026; 25+18.38 PD after 6 months, p=0.008). Under corrected esotropia patients had an exotropic change in alignment (-1.25+5.91 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.026;-4.38+14.16 PD after 6 months, p=0.008). Undercorrected exotropia patients had an esotropic change in alignment (6.67+6.35 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.028; 6+9.85 PD after 6 months, p=0.024). The presence of vertical deviations in esotropia caused an exotropic change in alignment after 6 months (p=0.03). Conclusion Although an exotropic drift is more commonly reported, fusional vergences may account for postoperative alignment changes towards orthotropia.
Esotropia ; Exotropia

For undercorrected esotropia after bilateral medial rectus(MR) recession, we performed unilateral or bilateral MR rerecession, unilateral rerecession or marginal myotomy of the recessed medial rectus muscle combined with lateral rectus(LR) resection, or unilateral LR resection. The correction of deviation was 15 delta in unilateral 2.0mm MR rerecession. Bilateral 2.0mm MR rerecession corrected 20 to 25 delta of esodeviation, but undercorrection was noted in one case. With unilateral 2.0mm rerecession or marginal myotomy of the recessed medial rectus muscle combined with 5.5mm or 8.0mm LR resection, the correction of deviation was 26 to 29 delta, and there was no under- or overcorrection. The corrective effect of this procedure was therefore greater and more stable than that of bilateral 2.0mm MR rerecession. Unilateral 8.0mm LR resection performed 3 months after bilateral MR recession showed correction of 15 delta, whereas the same procedure performed 3 weeks after bilateral MR rerecession showed correction of 24 delta. Unilateral LR resection procedure seems to be more efficacious for residual esotropia if performed as soos as possible within 3 months after sufficient bilateral MR recession or rerecession.
Esotropia* ; Methods ; Reoperation

A 10 years' old male patient was admitted to this hospital due to severe esodeviation of his right eye, which developed after Kronlein operation 11 months before. Esodeviation of 80 PD, right eye, was noted with abduction range of barely to the midline. Jensen procedure was performed, and the eye became orthophoric, with abduction range of 45 dergee.
Esotropia ; Humans ; Male ; Paralysis*

To study the results of surgically treated intermittent exotropia, 62 consecutive patients have been followed up for over 6 months. Initial postoperative alignments in all cases were between 10 PD esodeviation and 10 PD exodeviation. Six months after surgery, 85.5% of initial postoperative alignment within 10 PD to either side remained satisfactory, as did 85% of initial orthophoria. Persisting overcorrections without fusion occurred in 1.6%, while under corrections of 15 PD or more occurred in 3.2%. A satisfactory result could be obtained through alignment of 0 +/- 10 PD immediately after operation.
Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Humans

PURPOSE: We assessed the relationship between the surgical outcome of intermittent exotropia and initial postoperative alignment by checking it on the first postoperative day or the day of strabismus surgery. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with intermittent exotropia underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession or unilateral medial rectus resection and lateral rectus recession. Thirty-two patients had their postoperative alignment checked on the day of surgery, and forty-one patients were checked on the first postoperative day. Success was defined as sustained alignment six months postoperatively from esotropia 10PD to exotropia 10PD. Overcorrection was defined as esotropia greater than 11PD, and undercorrection was exotropia greater than 11PD. We assessed the relationship between the alignment on the day of surgery or on the first postoperative day and also at six months postoperatively, as well as the success rate according to the initial postoperative alignment. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant relationship between alignments on the day of surgery or on the first postoperative day and those at six months postoperatively (p<0.001, p<0.001). The deviation on the first postoperative day had a greater correlation coefficient compared to the deviation on the day of the operation (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.704, and 0.593, respectively). The alignment of overcorrection ranged from 11~20PD on the day of surgery, and on the first postoperative day it produced a relatively high success rate (p=0.016, p=0.035). There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate between the two types of surgery (p=0.832). CONCLUSIONS: The alignment on the day of surgery showed a high correlation to the outcome on the sixth postoperative month in intermittent exotropia patients. The initial postoperative overcorrection of 11 to 20PD on the day of surgery and on the first postoperative day resulted in the best long-term outcomes.
Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Strabismus