PURPOSE: To compare the effect of medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropes who had previous monocular medial rectus resection and lateral rectus recession and in non- accommodative esotropes (NAET) with small angle of deviation who had no prior operation. METHODS: We studied the results of unilateral medial rectus recession at postoperative 2 and 6 months in 7 consecutive esotropes and 19 NAET with deviation angle around 20 PD, and analyzed the corrected amount for 1 mm medial rectus recession. We regarded deviated angle of+/-8 PD at orthophoria as successful operation. RESULTS: The abosolute value of remained deviation in consecutive esotropes and NAET were 4.86+/-5.67 PD and 9.05+/-3.95 PD at postoperative 2 months, and 5.42+/-7.89 PD and 8.26+/-4.45 PD at postoperative 6 months, respectively. There were significant differences between at postoperative 2 and 6 months (p<0.05). The success rates in consecutive esotropes and NAET at postoperative 2 months were 86% and 42%, and 71% and 47%, respectively at postoperative 6 months, which were no significant differences (p>0.05). The average amount of corrected deviation for 1 mm recession at postoperative 6 months was 5.84 PD in consecutive esotropes and 2.97 PD in NAET, which were significant differences (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Unilateral medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropes may be a useful and first choice of operation procedure when considering second operation. The amount of correction for 1 mm medial rectus recession is larger in consecutive esotropes than in NAET, possibly due to previous resection of medial rectus or release of fat adhesion. Therefore the amount of medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropia should be determined after considering the degree of abduction and operative findings.
Esotropia*

We analysed the results of residual esotropia with deviation of 15 to 35 prism diopters after a full correction with bimedial rectus recession and unilateral medial rectus recession. The remained mean deviation at postoperative 2 months was 6.17 prism diopters in unilateral MR recession group and 4.23 prism diopters in BMR recession group. The success rates were 75% in unilateral MR recession group and 87% in BMR recession group at postoperative 2 months, 56% in unilateral MR recession group and 89% in BMR recession group at postoperative 6 months. The difference of success rates in two groups at 2 months is not significant statistically but the success rate of BMR recession group at 6 months was higher than that of unilateral MR recession group significantly. There were no significant differences in success rate and residual deviation between the groups of nonaccomodative, partially accomodative esotropia, and all esotropias under 20 prism diopters. In conclusion, unilateral MR recession is considered as very useful surgical procedure in all kinds of esotropia under 20 prism diopters. But further study in the moderate degree esotropia over 20 prism diopters is need.
Esotropia*

No abstract available.
Esotropia

Twenty patients with small angle esotropia of 12 delta - 20 delta were treated with a unilateral medial rectus recession of 4.0 - 5.0 mm. Eighteen of the 20 patients(90%) showed 8 delta or less horizontal deviations after surgery. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0 mm recession in 15 delta esotropia group was 15 delta that with 4.5 mm recesstion in 15 delta - 20 delta esotropia group was 14.8 delta and that with 4.5 - 5.0 mm recession in 20 delta esotropia group was 15.2 delta. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm recession were 12 delta, 15 delta and 14.6 delta respectively. The recession of one medial rectus muscle is a safe, predictable and simple procedure for the surgical treatmont of small angle esotropia.
Esotropia* ; Humans

Twenty patients with small angle esotropia of 12 delta - 20 delta were treated with a unilateral medial rectus recession of 4.0 - 5.0mm. Eighteen of the 20 patients (90%) showed 8 delta or less horizontal deviations after surgery. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0mm recession in 15 delta esotropia group was 15 delta, that with 4.5mm recesstion in 15 delta - 20 delta esotropia group was 14.8 delta and that with 4.5 - 5.0mm recession in 20 delta esotropia group was 15.2 delta. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 5.0mm recession were 12 delta, 15 delta and 14.6 delta respectively. The recession of one medial rectus muscle is a safe, predictable and simple procedure for the surgical treatmont of small angle esotropia.
Esotropia* ; Humans

Objective: To compare the postoperative alignment of patients surgically corrected for esotropia or exotropia 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Method: This retrospective study reviewed clinical records of patients who underwent horizontal muscle surgery at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital from 2010 to 2014. The changes in alignment from 1 week to 6 weeks and from 1 week to 6 months after surgery were compared for overcorrection, undercorrection, and adequate correction groups. ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used. Results: Twenty two esotropia and 10 exotropia patients were included. Overcorrected esotropia patients had an esotropic change in alignment (15.50+13.44 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.026; 25+18.38 PD after 6 months, p=0.008). Under corrected esotropia patients had an exotropic change in alignment (-1.25+5.91 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.026;-4.38+14.16 PD after 6 months, p=0.008). Undercorrected exotropia patients had an esotropic change in alignment (6.67+6.35 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.028; 6+9.85 PD after 6 months, p=0.024). The presence of vertical deviations in esotropia caused an exotropic change in alignment after 6 months (p=0.03). Conclusion Although an exotropic drift is more commonly reported, fusional vergences may account for postoperative alignment changes towards orthotropia.
Esotropia ; Exotropia

The operation methods for consecutive esotropia were various according to operators and the standard criteria for the amount of procedure was absent. We investigated the results of 7 patients who underwent advancement of the lateral rectus muscle for consecutive esotropia to estimate the corrected prism diopters per 1mm deviation of the lateral rectus muscle(delta/mm). The mean corrected amount of deviation was 2.01 delta/mm in 370 patients who underwent bilateral rectus muscles recession and 3.89 delta/mm in 7 patients who were brought about consecutive esotropia after recession of bilateral rectus muscles. There was a statistically significant difference between them(P<0.01). But the value of rectus muscles recession and advancement of the lateral rectus muscle in 7 patients of consecutive esotropia were: 3.89 delta/mm and 4.25 delta/mm respectively. There was a no statistically significant difference between them(P>0.05). This result suggests that we should adjust the amount of advancement of the lateral rectus muscle according to the effect of corrected amount by the recession of lateral rectus muscle of the previous surgery.
Esotropia* ; Humans ; Muscles

We compared cycloplegic refraction after convenient, less toxic single-dose atropinization with conventional three-day atropinization in esotropic children. We examined sixty children below eight years of age with esotropia. Their eyes were examined by cycloplegic refraction at 90 and 120 minutes after administering a drop of atropine twice at five minutes interval. After eight applications for three days, we performed cycloplegic refraction of their eyes. In the two groups, spherical equivalent and spherical power were statistically significantly different, and it had no statistical significance between the measurement of single-dose atropinization plus 0.5 diopter and three-day atropinization. The side effects were found lesser in single-dose application than conventional three-day applications. The results showed that single-dose atropinization can be substituted for conventional three-day atropinization in clinical practice.
Atropine ; Child* ; Esotropia ; Humans

Manifest latent nystagmus (MLN) combined with esotropia may be confused with the nystagmus blockage syndrome (NBS), so the NBS may be overdiagnosed. The NBS is similar to MLN in the characteristics of the nystagmus and the clinical features, thus two diseases must be differentiated. In order to differentiate the MLN with esotropia from the NBS, accurate calibration of slow phase of nystagmus is essential with the aid of electro-oculography (EOG). With EOG recording, authors report a case of MLN associated with esotropia which may be misdiagnosed as the NBS.
Calibration ; Electrooculography ; Esotropia

PURPOSE: To evaluate of the effect of bilateral medial rectus recession in the patients who showed large angle (>50 prism diopters, PD) infantile esotropia as comparing small angle (esotropia. METHODS: The 68 patients who underwent bilateral medial rectus recession and followed up more than 6 month between 1998 to 2000 at Chung-nam university hospital, were reviewed. The success rate and reoperation rate were compared between large angle group (>50 PD, 14 patients) and small angle group (esotropia and 54 cases of small angle esotropia were reviewed. The success rate was 50.0% (7 of 14) in large angle and 59.26% (32 of 54) in small angle but statistical difference was not found (p=0.37). The reoperation rate was 35.71% (5 of 14) in large angle and 14.81% (8 of 54) in small angle but statistical difference was not found (p=0.12). CONCLUSIONS: The success rate and reoperation rate of bilateral medial rectus recession in large angle infantile esotropia were not different as compared with those of small angle infantile esotropia. So bilateral medial rectus recession is adequate to initial procedure in the treatment of large angle infantile esotropia.
Esotropia* ; Humans ; Reoperation