PURPOSE: To compare the effect of medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropes who had previous monocular medial rectus resection and lateral rectus recession and in non- accommodative esotropes (NAET) with small angle of deviation who had no prior operation. METHODS: We studied the results of unilateral medial rectus recession at postoperative 2 and 6 months in 7 consecutive esotropes and 19 NAET with deviation angle around 20 PD, and analyzed the corrected amount for 1 mm medial rectus recession. We regarded deviated angle of+/-8 PD at orthophoria as successful operation. RESULTS: The abosolute value of remained deviation in consecutive esotropes and NAET were 4.86+/-5.67 PD and 9.05+/-3.95 PD at postoperative 2 months, and 5.42+/-7.89 PD and 8.26+/-4.45 PD at postoperative 6 months, respectively. There were significant differences between at postoperative 2 and 6 months (p<0.05). The success rates in consecutive esotropes and NAET at postoperative 2 months were 86% and 42%, and 71% and 47%, respectively at postoperative 6 months, which were no significant differences (p>0.05). The average amount of corrected deviation for 1 mm recession at postoperative 6 months was 5.84 PD in consecutive esotropes and 2.97 PD in NAET, which were significant differences (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Unilateral medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropes may be a useful and first choice of operation procedure when considering second operation. The amount of correction for 1 mm medial rectus recession is larger in consecutive esotropes than in NAET, possibly due to previous resection of medial rectus or release of fat adhesion. Therefore the amount of medial rectus recession in consecutive esotropia should be determined after considering the degree of abduction and operative findings.
Esotropia*

We analysed the results of residual esotropia with deviation of 15 to 35 prism diopters after a full correction with bimedial rectus recession and unilateral medial rectus recession. The remained mean deviation at postoperative 2 months was 6.17 prism diopters in unilateral MR recession group and 4.23 prism diopters in BMR recession group. The success rates were 75% in unilateral MR recession group and 87% in BMR recession group at postoperative 2 months, 56% in unilateral MR recession group and 89% in BMR recession group at postoperative 6 months. The difference of success rates in two groups at 2 months is not significant statistically but the success rate of BMR recession group at 6 months was higher than that of unilateral MR recession group significantly. There were no significant differences in success rate and residual deviation between the groups of nonaccomodative, partially accomodative esotropia, and all esotropias under 20 prism diopters. In conclusion, unilateral MR recession is considered as very useful surgical procedure in all kinds of esotropia under 20 prism diopters. But further study in the moderate degree esotropia over 20 prism diopters is need.
Esotropia*

No abstract available.
Esotropia

Twenty patients with small angle esotropia of 12 delta - 20 delta were treated with a unilateral medial rectus recession of 4.0 - 5.0 mm. Eighteen of the 20 patients(90%) showed 8 delta or less horizontal deviations after surgery. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0 mm recession in 15 delta esotropia group was 15 delta that with 4.5 mm recesstion in 15 delta - 20 delta esotropia group was 14.8 delta and that with 4.5 - 5.0 mm recession in 20 delta esotropia group was 15.2 delta. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm recession were 12 delta, 15 delta and 14.6 delta respectively. The recession of one medial rectus muscle is a safe, predictable and simple procedure for the surgical treatmont of small angle esotropia.
Esotropia* ; Humans

Twenty patients with small angle esotropia of 12 delta - 20 delta were treated with a unilateral medial rectus recession of 4.0 - 5.0mm. Eighteen of the 20 patients (90%) showed 8 delta or less horizontal deviations after surgery. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0mm recession in 15 delta esotropia group was 15 delta, that with 4.5mm recesstion in 15 delta - 20 delta esotropia group was 14.8 delta and that with 4.5 - 5.0mm recession in 20 delta esotropia group was 15.2 delta. The average amount of angle corrected with 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 5.0mm recession were 12 delta, 15 delta and 14.6 delta respectively. The recession of one medial rectus muscle is a safe, predictable and simple procedure for the surgical treatmont of small angle esotropia.
Esotropia* ; Humans

Objective: To compare the postoperative alignment of patients surgically corrected for esotropia or exotropia 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Method: This retrospective study reviewed clinical records of patients who underwent horizontal muscle surgery at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital from 2010 to 2014. The changes in alignment from 1 week to 6 weeks and from 1 week to 6 months after surgery were compared for overcorrection, undercorrection, and adequate correction groups. ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used. Results: Twenty two esotropia and 10 exotropia patients were included. Overcorrected esotropia patients had an esotropic change in alignment (15.50+13.44 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.026; 25+18.38 PD after 6 months, p=0.008). Under corrected esotropia patients had an exotropic change in alignment (-1.25+5.91 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.026;-4.38+14.16 PD after 6 months, p=0.008). Undercorrected exotropia patients had an esotropic change in alignment (6.67+6.35 PD after 6 weeks, p=0.028; 6+9.85 PD after 6 months, p=0.024). The presence of vertical deviations in esotropia caused an exotropic change in alignment after 6 months (p=0.03). Conclusion Although an exotropic drift is more commonly reported, fusional vergences may account for postoperative alignment changes towards orthotropia.
Esotropia ; Exotropia

A 10 years' old male patient was admitted to this hospital due to severe esodeviation of his right eye, which developed after Kronlein operation 11 months before. Esodeviation of 80 PD, right eye, was noted with abduction range of barely to the midline. Jensen procedure was performed, and the eye became orthophoric, with abduction range of 45 dergee.
Esotropia ; Humans ; Male ; Paralysis*

Twenty-seven patients with congnital esotropia underwent bilateral medial recti recessions and were follwed up for 6 months or more. The relationship between the amount of bilateral medial rectus recession, the pre- and postoperative alignment was analyzed. The success of sugery was defined from the undercorrection less than 10 prism diopter(PD) to the overcorrection less than 5PD. Nineteen of 27 patients(70.3%) were successful. 3 patients(11.1%) were undercorrected and five(18.5%) were overcorrected. Three patients who showed overcorrection more than 20PD were recessed 7mm or more. The standard deviation of postoperative alignment was 2.2 in patients with preoperative alignment less than 50PD, and 17.4 in those with 50PD or more. The difference was significant(p<0.05). When preoperative alignment was 25 to 55PD and the amount of surgery was 4 to 7mm, there was high linear correlation between the amount of surgery and the corrected angle. However, close observation for consecutive exotropia will be necessary when preoperative alignment is more than 50PD and the amount of recession is more than 7mm.
Esotropia* ; Exotropia ; Humans

Cyclic heterotropia represents an interesting ocular motility problem in which the ocular deviation is present on a rhythmic basis. Usually this appears in a regular 48-hour cycle, although 72-and 96-hour cycles have also been reported. On the strabismic day, constant heterotropia is large and associated with suppression and no diplopia. On the nonstrabismic day, no deviation or only a small heterophoria is present with good binocular function. In this paper, we present two cases of cyclic esotropia which demonstrated regular 48-hour cycles and were treated with surgery.
Diplopia ; Esotropia* ; Telescopes

Manifest latent nystagmus (MLN) combined with esotropia may be confused with the nystagmus blockage syndrome (NBS), so the NBS may be overdiagnosed. The NBS is similar to MLN in the characteristics of the nystagmus and the clinical features, thus two diseases must be differentiated. In order to differentiate the MLN with esotropia from the NBS, accurate calibration of slow phase of nystagmus is essential with the aid of electro-oculography (EOG). With EOG recording, authors report a case of MLN associated with esotropia which may be misdiagnosed as the NBS.
Calibration ; Electrooculography ; Esotropia