OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin(SYN) proteins in different developmental stages of human embryonic esophagus.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of NSE and SYN proteins in embryonic esophagus tissues of fetuses of 2, 3 and 4 month gestational age (n=16). One-way ANOVA and LSD-t test were employed to compare the staining intensity and number of positive expression cells in embryonic esophageal tissues of different gestational age.

RESULTSIn fetuses with 2, 3 and 4 months of gestation, the number of NSE-positive nerve cells in the myenteric nerve plexus and submucosa of human embryonic esophageal tissues were 18.38 ± 8.37, 25.00 ± 11.54 and 38.00 ± 15.09, respectively; the staining intensity of NSE-positive nerve cells and nerve fibers in myenteric nerve plexus and submucosa of embryonic esophageal tissues were 74.38 ± 14.93, 62.25 ± 18.59 and 56.44 ± 14.70, respectively. NSE-positive cells were detected in the esophageal epithelium only at the third month. In the fetuses at 2, 3 and 4 months of gestation, SYN in all layers of esophageal tissue were positively or strong positively expressed, especially in the myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus. The staining intensity of SYN-positive cells in embryonic esophagus tissues of 2, 3 and 4 month gestation were 54.69 ± 9.34, 51.84 ± 6.10 and 46.41 ± 6.44, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSYN and NSE may be involved in the regulation of nerve system of esophageal tissues during the human embryonic development.

Esophagus ; embryology ; Female ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

Bilirubin ; Child ; Duodenogastric Reflux ; diagnosis ; Esophageal Diseases ; diagnosis ; Esophagus ; metabolism ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; diagnosis ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of repeated esophageal acid infusion on specific airway resistance (sRaw) and airway reactivity in the guinea pigs and explore the mechanism.

METHODSsRaw and airway reactivity were measured by double-chamber plethysmography in normal control group (group N), saline control group (group NS), and repeated acid irrigation group (group H). The initial measurement was used as the baseline sRaw and airway reactivity (1d1), and 2 h after the initial measurement, sRaw and airway reactivity were measured again (1d2). Similarly, such measurements were repeated on the 15th day for all the guinea pigs (15d1, 15d2) with a 2-h interval. The content of Substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in lung tissue, trachea, BALF and ganglion were detected by ELISA.

RESULTSThe percent change of sRaw, (15d2-1d1)/1d1 in group H was significantly higher than that in group N. The differences in the airway reactivity of the group N, group NS, and group H were not statistically significant. The SP content in the lung, trachea, ganglion and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in group H was significantly higher than those in group N. The SP content in ganglion showed a significant positive correlation to that in the trachea. No significant differences were found in the VIP content in the lung, trachea, ganglion or BALF between the groups.

CONCLUSIONRepeated esophageal acid infusion increases the airway resistance, but not the airway reactivity in normal guinea pigs. SP may be involved in development of high sRaw through the esophageal-tracheobronchial reflex.

Airway Resistance ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Esophagus ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Guinea Pigs ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Respiratory System ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Trachea ; metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo compare the expression patterns of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and CK20 in the Barrett's esophagus and gastric cardia intestinal metaplasia.

METHODSEndoscopic biopsy specimens from 19 patients with long segment Barrett's esophagus, 36 with short segment Barrett's esophagus, and 20 with histological evidence of gastric cardia intestinal metaplasia were immunostained for CK7 and CK20. The immunohistochemical data were analyzed in relation with the clinicopathological data of the patients including age, hiatal hernia, and Helicobacter pylori status.

RESULTSThe Barrett's pattern of CK7/20 expressions was found in all the 19 patients with long segment Barrett's esophagus, in 31 of the 36 (82%) patients with short segment Barrett's esophagus, and in 2 of the 20 (10%) patients with gastric cardia intestinal metaplasia. Patients with short segment Barrett's esophagus who had a Barrett's CK7/20 pattern showed similar clinicopathological findings to those with long segment Barrett's esophagus, while in cases of short segment Barrett's esophagus where no Barrett's CK7/20 pattern was found, the clinicopathological features were similar to those of gastric cardia intestinal metaplasia cases.

CONCLUSIONA Barrett's CK7/20 expression pattern is an objective marker of Barrett's mucosa. CK7 and CK20 reactivity patterns in routine endoscopic biopsy samples can reliably identify the location of intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus and stomach.

Adult ; Aged ; Barrett Esophagus ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cardia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-20 ; metabolism ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of annexin I in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and carcinomas of other histological types in order to analyze the correlation between the expression of annexin I and carcinogenesis.

METHODSFirst, a set of tissue microarray was established, which consisted of SCC from the esophagus (208 cases), lung, larynx, cervix, and external genital organs; adenocarcinomas from the lung, stomach, colon and rectum, liver, pancreas, breast, thyroid and kidney with 30 cases in each group, meanwhile, the corresponding normal tissue was also obtained for control. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of annexin I in different types of carcinomas and the corresponding normal controls from different organs. The correlation between the expression of annexin I and the clinicopathological feature was analyzed and compared, which included age, gender, differentiation grade and lymph node metastasis.

RESULTSIt was found that the expression of annexin I was decreased in esophageal SCC, when compared with normal esophageal squamous epithelia (P < 0.001), the similarity was also found in SCC of the lung, larynx and cervix. However, though negative in normal epidermis, annexin I expression was detected in some cases with SCC from external genital organs. Annexin I was found to be overexpressed in adenocarcinomas of the lung, stomach, colon and rectum, liver, pancreas, breast, thyroid and kidney, particularly very strong expression of annexin I was seen in lung adenocarcinoma, uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma and ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, it was found to be positive in all thyroid papillary carcinomas, but negative in all normal thyroid glands. However, annexin I expression was found to be negative in all hepatocellular carcinoma and normal hepatocytes; and it was only detected in myoepithelium of normal breast tissue, but not in ductal luminal cells, and rarely in infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma. In SCC, annexin I expression was stronger in well differentiated ones than that in the poorly differentiated ones. However, contrasting with SCC, in the adenocarcinomas from different organs, annexin I expression was much stronger in poorly differentiated ones than that in the well differentiate ones, especially in the adenocarcinomas from stomach, colon and rectum, pancreas, ovarian and kidney.

CONCLUSIONAnnexin I expression is quite different among different types of carcinomas, and is correlated with histopathological type and differentiation grade. Further study is needed to investigate its role in the carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Annexin A1 ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Epithelium ; metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Esophagus ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Animals ; Esophagus ; metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 ; pharmacology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Intestine, Small ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Stomach ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the significance of the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen receptors (CEAR) in digestive organs.

METHODSSpecimens were procured from 20 male BALB/c mice including esophagus, small intestine, stomach, colon, pancreas, and liver. Kupffer cells were obtained by density gradient centrifugation following enzymatic digestion of the fresh liver specimen. Immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry methods were used to detect CEAR in those organs or Kupffer cells.

RESULTSCEAR was found both in cytoplasm and nuclei of the digestive tract mucosal epithelial cells and pancreas islet cells, but only in the cytoplasm of liver cells, Kupffer cells, and smooth muscle cells of the whole digestive tract. The mean ranks of CEAR expression were 174.33 in the mucosal epithelial cells of colon, 160.70 in epithelial cells of small intestine, 139.18 in Kupffer cells, 137.43 in pancreas islet cells, 131.70 in liver cells, 124.23 in gastric epithelial cells, 77.15 in esophageal epithelial cells and 57.80-71.00 in smooth muscle cells of the entire digestive tract examined. There were significantly differences in the CEAR expression intensity among those positive cells (chi2=99.58, P<0.01) while CEAR was not present in submucosal connective tissue cells, pancreatic exocrine cells, or hepatic sinusoid endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONThere are significantly differences in the expression of CEAR in the main digestive organs according to the different tissue and cells, which may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and hepatic metastasis from tumors of the digestive system.

Animals ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Colon ; metabolism ; Esophagus ; metabolism ; Intestine, Small ; metabolism ; Kupffer Cells ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Pancreas ; metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Stomach ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of retinoic acid receptor-beta (RAR-beta) mRNA and p16, p53, Ki67 proteins in squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus and its precursor lesions in a high risk population.

METHODSA total of 397 tissue specimens were collected from individuals with normal mucosa (NM, n = 25), mild dysplasia (MiD, n = 69), moderate dysplasia (MoD, n = 106), severe dysplasia (SD, n = 51), carcinoma in situ (CIS, n = 78), and squamous-cell carcinoma (SC, n = 68). Expression of RAR-beta mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and that of p16, p53 and Ki67 proteins by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe frequencies of RAR-beta mRNA expression in NM, MiD, MoD, SD, CIS and SC were 96.0%, 89.9%, 67.9%, 68.6%, 62.8%, and 63.2%, respectively. The frequencies of p16 expression were 88.0%, 71.0%, 64.2%, 51.0%, 53.8% and 52.9%; those of p53 expression were 4.0%, 39.1%, 57.5%, 52.9%, 67.9% and 69.1%; those of Ki67 expression were 0, 40.6%, 61.3%, 58.8%, 59.0% and 75.0%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThere are no significant differences in four biomarkers expression between carcinoma of the esophagus and its precursor lesions.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Esophagus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

Hemangioma of the esophagus is a rare form of benign esophageal tumor. It usually presents as a single lesion located in the lower third of the esophagus and is mostly asymptomatic. However, it may occasionally cause hematemesis and/or obstruction. Surgical resection is the conventional treatment modality for managing esophageal hemangioma, but less invasive approaches such as endoscopic therapy are recently becoming more widely employed. Herein, we report a case of a 54-year-old man who presented with an esophageal hemangioma that was successfully treated by endoscopic mucosal resection without any complications.
Antigens, CD31/metabolism ; Esophageal Diseases/*diagnosis/surgery ; Esophagoscopy ; Esophagus/diagnostic imaging/metabolism/pathology ; Hemangioma/*diagnosis/surgery ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUNDLittle attention has been paid to the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with reflux esophagitis (RE), and few studies of the importance of HSP27 in esophagitis have been carried out in animal models. This study aimed to explore the expression of HSP27 in the esophageal tissue of rats with RE.

METHODSEighty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental groups A and B and control groups C and D (n = 20 in each group). To establish RE, rats in the two experimental groups received pylorus and forestomach ligations, while rats in the control group received gastrostomy and gastric perforation repair. The rats in groups A and C were sacrificed 7 days after surgery, and the rats in groups B and D were sacrificed 14 days after surgery. In groups A and B, 10 and 8 rats were diagnosed with RE by pathological examination, respectively (they were included in groups A' and B', respectively). The histopathological diagnosis of all the lower esophageal tissues in groups C and D was normal and 20 normal specimens were randomly selected for groups C' and D' with 10 specimens in each group. Macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis scores were assessed for the specimens in groups A' and B'. Lower esophageal tissues were collected from groups A', B', C', and D', and paraffin-embedded slices were made using part of the tissues. The expression of HSP27 in the tissues was detected using the two-step streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method. Some collected tissues were frozen, and expressions of HSP27 mRNA were detected using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR).

RESULTSMedian macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis scores in groups A' (n = 10) and B' (n = 8) were 1.0 and 1.5, and 2.0 and 2.5, respectively. There were no significant differences in the macroscopic or microscopic esophagitis scores between the two groups (Z = -0.330, P = 0.741; Z = -0.142, P = 0.887, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining showed that HSP27 was expressed in all layers of the esophageal epithelia in RE and control rats. FQ-PCR showed that HSP27 mRNA levels in the lower esophageal tissue in RE group (groups A' and B') were higher than those in control group (groups C' and D') (Z = -0.249, P = 0.001). HSP27 mRNA expression in the lower esophageal tissue was significantly different in groups B' and D' (Z = -3.027, P = 0.002). And the levels of HSP27 mRNA expression in severe RE group (microscopic esophagitis score: 3) were higher than in mild RE group (microscopic esophagitis score: 1-2) and control group (Z = -3.396, P = 0.001; Z = -3.855, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSHSP27 mRNA expression in the lower esophageal tissue of rats with RE is significantly higher than in the normal controls. Although reflux is a persistent stimulating factor, increased expression of HSP27 in the lower esophageal tissue of rats with RE requires aggravated esophageal injury.

Animals ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; metabolism ; Esophagus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar