Achalasia is an uncommon esophageal motility disorder in which affected patients present with progressive dysphagia. Various causes were known in this disease. Esophageal achalasia is diagnosied by barium esophagogram, endoscopy and esophageal manometry. Treatment of esophageal achasia are pharmacotherapy, pneumatic dilatation, or botulinum toxin injection and surgical therapy. Balloon dilatation is a safe effective first line treatment. We report two cases of achalasia with normal lower esophageal sphincer pressure, typical endoscopic and typical esophagogram findings, which was treated successfully with pneumatic balloon dilatation.
Barium ; Botulinum Toxins ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dilatation ; Drug Therapy ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal Achalasia* ; Esophageal Motility Disorders ; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower* ; Humans ; Manometry

OBJECTIVES: At present, there are many reports about the treatment of cricopharyngeal achalasia by injecting botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) into cricopharyngeal muscle guided by ultrasound, electromyography or CT in China, but there is no report about injecting BTX-A into cricopharyngeal muscle guided by endoscope. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic BTX-A injection combined with balloon dilatation in the treatment of cricopharyngeal achalasia after brainstem stroke, and to provide a better method for the treatment of dysphagia after brainstem stroke. METHODS: From June to December 2022, 30 patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia due to brainstem stroke were selected from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Hospital of Changsha. They were randomly assigned into a control group and a combined group, 15 patients in each group. Patients in both groups were treated with routine rehabilitation therapy, while patients in the control group were treated with balloon dilatation, and patients in the combined group were treated with balloon dilatation and BTX-A injection. Before treatment and after 2 weeks of treatment, the patients were examined by video fluoroscopic swallowing study, Penetration-aspiration Scale (PAS), Dysphagia Outcome Severity Scale (DOSS), and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) were used to assess the swallowing function. RESULTS: In the combined group, 1 patient withdrew from the treatment because of personal reasons. Two weeks after treatment, the scores of DOSS, PAS, and FOIS in both groups were better than those before treatment (all P<0.01), and the combined group was better than the control group (all P<0.001). The effective rate was 85.7% in the combined group and 66.7% in the control group, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS BTX-A injection combined with balloon dilatation is more effective than balloon dilatation alone in improving swallowing function and is worthy of clinical application.
Humans ; Deglutition Disorders/therapy* ; Esophageal Achalasia/drug therapy* ; Dilatation/adverse effects* ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use* ; Brain Stem Infarctions/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome