Activity of some erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPx and GR and total plasma antioxidant status were investigated on 58 workers who were working an a petroleum company. The results showed that there are negative correlation between blood lead level with activity of GPx and GR enzymes (r= -0.5724 and -0.4341, respectively). There was a slight decrease in total plasma antioxidant status of groups with high blood lead level, but it is insignificant.
Antioxidant ; Enzymology ; Erythrocytes

The influence of Acephate (an organophosphorous pesticide) on some red cell antioxydant enzymes was studied. Acephate of the doses of 20mg and 40mg/kg of body mass/day was administered on rabbit during 30 days continuously. The activity of superoxyde dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxydase (GP2), glutathion reductase (TAS) in plasma was determined before and after the intoxication. Results showed a reduce of SOD, GR levels in the day 15 and 31 and a reverse to normal level in the day 45, SOD enzyme and GR enzyme levels reduced in day 15 and 31, while GPx activity increased. Total antioxydation was not varied.
Enzymology ; Antioxidants ; Erythrocytes ; Rabbits ; therapy ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of storage time on arginase level, and the possible source of arginase in suspended red blood cells (RBC).

METHODSThe arginase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in suspended RBC and control plasma were detected by ELISA. The free hemoglobin level in suspended RBC and control plasma were detected by colorimetric method. The relationship between arginase level, MPO level and free hemoglobin level in suspended RBC was analyzed by the related methods.

RESULTSThe arginase and free hemoglobin levels in suspended RBC were higher than those in control plasma. Otherwise, MPO level was not significantly different between suspended RBC and control plasma. All of them did not increase along with prolonging of storage time. There was not a significant correlation between arginase level and free hemoglobin level in suspended RBC of different storage time (r = 0.03), but arginase level positively correlated with MPO level in the suspended RBC of different storage time (r = 0.76).

CONCLUSIONThe arginase level in suspended RBC storaged for different time increases significantly, but not along with prolonging of storage time. The main possible source of arginase in the suspended RBC is the residual white blood cell, especially neutrophils.

Arginase ; chemistry ; Blood Preservation ; Erythrocytes ; enzymology ; Humans ; Peroxidase ; chemistry ; Plasma ; enzymology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical significance of genetic detection and changes of red cell enzyme activities of pyrimidine 5' nucleotidase (P5'N), pyruvate kinase (PK) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in patients with α-thalassaemia (α-thal).

METHODSThree α-thal patients were further processed to gene detection by PCR-trans-dot blot and gap-PCR, and red cell enzymes activities by absorbance at 260 and 280 nm (A) for P5'N and fluorescence spot test for PK and G-6-PD.

RESULTSRed cells in 3 α-thal cases were microcytic hypochromic with obvious augmented target cells and basophilic stippling erythrocytes. Two patients had anemia, splenomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia and augmented LDH. HbH was positively identified by hemoglobin electrophoresis and hemoglobin cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis; the other patient had no such abnormalities. Genotypes of 3 patients were of (-α(3.7)/--(SEA)), (αα(QS)/--(SEA))and (--(SEA)), respectively. The activity of P5'N (but not for PK and G-6-PD) in red cell reduced.

CONCLUSIONSThis is the first documented α-thal with P5'N deficiency. Genetic detection might be clinical significant for the diagnosis and pedigree screening of α-thal.

5'-Nucleotidase ; deficiency ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Erythrocytes ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; alpha-Thalassemia ; enzymology ; genetics

Expression of nucleoside diphosphate(NDP) kinase, which is homologous to the nm23 gene product in a variety of species, has been found to be inversely associated with metastatic potential. However, the relationship remains controversial according to the tumor cell types and experimental system, with conflicting results from different research groups. In order to determine whether NDP kinase expression serves as a marker for metastatic potential in human skin cancer, we assessed the levels of NDP kinase expression in 9 keratoacanthomas (KAs), 26 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and 25 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) using immunohistochemistry. The expression of NDP kinase was intense in KA and SCC compared with BCC. However, the difference of NDP kinase expression between KA and SCC was not statistically significant. And there was no statistically significant difference in NDP kinase expression between SCC with metastasis and SCC without metastasis. Our results contradict the hypothesis concerning the possible role of nm23 gene as a metastatic suppressor gene in human skin cancer. The mechanism of overexpression in various tumor cell types and its biological significance in cutaneous carcinogenesis remain to be determined.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/enzymology/secondary ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/enzymology/secondary ; Comparative Study ; Erythrocytes/enzymology ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratoacanthoma/enzymology ; Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase/*analysis/blood ; Skin Diseases/enzymology ; Skin Neoplasms/*enzymology/secondary ; Transcription Factors/analysis

Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Adult ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; enzymology ; Humans ; Male ; Motion Sickness ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Naval Medicine

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the thiopurine methytransferase (TPMT) gene polymorphisms and its enzymatic activity, and to clarify the significance of TPMT activity and gene polymorphisms on individualized therapy with thiopurines.

METHODSThe TPMT activity and gene polymorphisms were determined in an unrelated population of 250 Chinese healthy blood donors, 100 cords blood and 280 patients with acute leukemia. The TPMT genotyping assay was based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction digestion of PCR products, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and SNaPshot sequencing and direct DNA sequencing in the TPMT exon 5 (G238C), TPMT exon7 (G460A) and TPMTexon10 (A719G). Erythrocyte TPMT activity was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTSThe frequency of TPMT polymorphism in 250 Chinese healthy blood donors, 100 cords blood and 280 patients with acute leukemia was low (3.5%), and all the varied alleles were TPMT* 3C (exon 10A719G). All of them were TPMT* 1/TPMT* 3C heterozygote. The TPMT activity was between 6 and 12 U. The activity in 95.1% was more than 12 U (13 - 32 U), while the activity in others (4.9%) was 6 - 12 U. TPMT activity and genotype were concordant. Of 630 subjects evaluated, TPMT activity of heterozygous individuals in Chinese healthy blood donors, cords blood and acute leukemia patients were 9.1 U, 9.3 U and 9.07 U, respectively, significantly lower than that in general population (17.6 U, 17.67 U and 18.6 U, respectively). In the samples analyzed, ten subjects with heterozygous phenotypes (6/15 acute leukemia children and 4/16 healthy blood donors and cords blood) did not have TPMT* 2, TPMT* 3A or TPMT* 3C. Therefore, other factors may affect on TPMT activity.

CONCLUSIONTPMT gene polymorphisms and its activity were concordant. The heterozygotes had low TPMT activity. Therefore, detection of TPMT genotype and its activity is useful. These findings hold a promise of improving the safety and efficacy of thiopurines therapy.

Acute Disease ; Child ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Erythrocytes ; enzymology ; Exons ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; enzymology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Leukemia ; blood ; enzymology ; genetics ; Male ; Methyltransferases ; blood ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

We describe a girl with Diamond-Blackfan anemia with accompanying red cell enolase deficiency. At the age of 9 yr old, the patient received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from her HLA-identical sister who had normal red cell enolase activity. While the post transplant DNA analysis with short tandem repeat has continuously demonstrated a stable mixed chimerism on follow-up, the patient remains transfusion independent and continues to show a steady increase in red cell enolase activity for over two and a half years following bone marrow transplantation.
*Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/blood/enzymology/surgery ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/metabolism ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Erythrocytes/*enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transplantation, Homologous

Malaria parasites adapt to the oxidative stress during their erythrocytic stages with the help of vital thioredoxin redox system and glutathione redox system. Glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase are important enzymes of these redox systems that help parasites to maintain an adequate intracellular redox environment. In the present study, activities of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase were investigated in normal and Plasmodium berghei-infected mice red blood cells and their fractions. Activities of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase in P. berghei-infected host erythrocytes were found to be higher than those in normal host cells. These enzymes were mainly confined to the cytosolic part of cell-free P. berghei. Full characterization and understanding of these enzymes may promise advances in chemotherapy of malaria.
Animals ; Antioxidants/*isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Cell Fractionation ; Cytosol/enzymology ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Glutathione Reductase/*isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Mice ; Plasmodium berghei/*enzymology ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase/*isolation & purification/*metabolism

BACKGROUNDActivating on mammalian and human body LDR is thought to induce adaptive response, enhance immune function and increase anti-tumor ability. This study was designed to assess the effect of low-dose radiation on tumor growth and on erythrocyte immune function and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in tumor-bearing mice.

METHODSMale Kunming mice were subcutaneously implanted with S180 sarcoma cells in the right inguen to create an experimental in situ animal model. Six hours before implantation, the mice were given 75 mGy X-ray radiation, over the body. Tumor size was observed 5 days later while tumor volume was calculated every other day, allowing for the creation of a graph depicting tumor growth. Fifteen days after implantation, the mice were killed to measure tumor weight and observe the necrotic areas and the location of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Erythrocyte immune function and SOD activity were also determined.

RESULTSMice pre-exposed to low-dose radiation had a lower tumor formation rate than did those receiving no radiation (P < 0.05). Tumor growth was significantly lower in the mice pre-exposed to low-dose radiation; after 15 days, the average tumor weight in the mice pre-exposed to low-dose radiation was also lower (P < 0.05). Areas of tumor necrosis and infiltration of TILs were larger in the low-dose radiation group than in the non-radiation group. Erythrocyte immune function and SOD activity were higher in the low-dose radiation group than in the non-radiation group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLow-dose radiation can markedly increase the anti-tumor ability of an organism and improve erythrocyte immune function and red blood cell SOD activity as well, suggesting that low-dose radiation might be useful in the clinical treatment of cancer.

Animals ; Biopsy ; Erythrocytes ; enzymology ; immunology ; radiation effects ; Free Radicals ; Male ; Mice ; Sarcoma 180 ; blood ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood