Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare endoscopy as primary versus secondary prophylaxis to prevent future bleeding in children with esophageal varices. Methods: A systematic literature search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane databases for relevant studies on the outcome of rebleeding events after endoscopy in primary prophylaxis compared to that in secondary prophylaxis. The following keywords were used: esophageal varices, children, endoscopy, primary prophylaxis and bleeding. The quality of eligible articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and statistically analyzed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: A total of 174 children were included from four eligible articles. All four studies were considered of high-quality based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.Patients who received primary prophylaxis had 79% lower odds of bleeding than those who received secondary prophylaxis (odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07–0.66;I2 =0%, p=0.008). Patients in the primary prophylaxis group underwent fewer endoscopic procedures to eradicate varices than those in the secondary prophylaxis group, with a mean difference of 1.73 (95% CI, 0.91–2.56; I2 =62%, p<0.0001). Conclusion Children with high-risk varices who underwent primary prophylaxis were less likely to experience future bleeding episodes and required fewer endoscopic procedures to eradicate the varices than children who underwent secondary prophylaxis.

Objectives: The use of technology has rapidly increased in the past century. Artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) are now applied in healthcare and medical education. The purpose of this study was to assess the readiness of Indonesian teaching staff and pediatric residents for AI integration into the curriculum. Methods: An anonymous online survey was distributed among teaching staff and pediatric residents from 15 national universities. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: demographic information and questions regarding the use of IT and AI in child health education. Responses were collected using a 5-point Likert scale: strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and highly agree. Results: A total of 728 pediatric residents and 196 teaching staff from 15 national universities participated in the survey. Over half of the respondents were familiar with the terms IT and AI. The majority agreed that IT and AI have simplified the process of learning theories and skills. All participants were in favor of sharing data to facilitate the development of AI and expressed readiness to incorporate IT and AI into their teaching tools. Conclusions The findings of our study indicate that pediatric residents and teaching staff are ready to implement AI in medical education.

Objectives: The use of technology has rapidly increased in the past century. Artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) are now applied in healthcare and medical education. The purpose of this study was to assess the readiness of Indonesian teaching staff and pediatric residents for AI integration into the curriculum. Methods: An anonymous online survey was distributed among teaching staff and pediatric residents from 15 national universities. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: demographic information and questions regarding the use of IT and AI in child health education. Responses were collected using a 5-point Likert scale: strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and highly agree. Results: A total of 728 pediatric residents and 196 teaching staff from 15 national universities participated in the survey. Over half of the respondents were familiar with the terms IT and AI. The majority agreed that IT and AI have simplified the process of learning theories and skills. All participants were in favor of sharing data to facilitate the development of AI and expressed readiness to incorporate IT and AI into their teaching tools. Conclusions The findings of our study indicate that pediatric residents and teaching staff are ready to implement AI in medical education.

Objectives: The use of technology has rapidly increased in the past century. Artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) are now applied in healthcare and medical education. The purpose of this study was to assess the readiness of Indonesian teaching staff and pediatric residents for AI integration into the curriculum. Methods: An anonymous online survey was distributed among teaching staff and pediatric residents from 15 national universities. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: demographic information and questions regarding the use of IT and AI in child health education. Responses were collected using a 5-point Likert scale: strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and highly agree. Results: A total of 728 pediatric residents and 196 teaching staff from 15 national universities participated in the survey. Over half of the respondents were familiar with the terms IT and AI. The majority agreed that IT and AI have simplified the process of learning theories and skills. All participants were in favor of sharing data to facilitate the development of AI and expressed readiness to incorporate IT and AI into their teaching tools. Conclusions The findings of our study indicate that pediatric residents and teaching staff are ready to implement AI in medical education.

Objectives: The use of technology has rapidly increased in the past century. Artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) are now applied in healthcare and medical education. The purpose of this study was to assess the readiness of Indonesian teaching staff and pediatric residents for AI integration into the curriculum. Methods: An anonymous online survey was distributed among teaching staff and pediatric residents from 15 national universities. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: demographic information and questions regarding the use of IT and AI in child health education. Responses were collected using a 5-point Likert scale: strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and highly agree. Results: A total of 728 pediatric residents and 196 teaching staff from 15 national universities participated in the survey. Over half of the respondents were familiar with the terms IT and AI. The majority agreed that IT and AI have simplified the process of learning theories and skills. All participants were in favor of sharing data to facilitate the development of AI and expressed readiness to incorporate IT and AI into their teaching tools. Conclusions The findings of our study indicate that pediatric residents and teaching staff are ready to implement AI in medical education.

Introduction: Nosocomial contaminants such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens are increasingly developing resistance to many antibiotics. One of the promising alternatives that may complement, if not substitute, the use of antibiotics is quorum quenching, the process of interfering with chemical signals that mediate communication between microorganisms. Eleusine indica, a ubiquitous grass used traditionally to treat infections, has been shown to contain metabolites, such as fatty acid derivatives and p-coumaric acid, capable of quorum quenching. To date, there has been no study on the quorum quenching activity of E. indica.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the in vitro activity of crude ethanolic extract of E. indica leaves against selected quorum-sensing regulated virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens.

Methodology: E. indica leaves were collected, washed, air-dried, and homogenized. Following ethanolic extraction and rotary evaporation, the extract was screened for antimicrobial activity through disk diffusion test and broth microdilution assay. The quorum quenching activity of the extract against P. aeruginosa was measured through swarming motility assay, while the activity against S. marcescens was measured through swarming motility and pigment inhibition assays. The quorum quenching assays were conducted in triplicates, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify differences among the treatment groups.

Results: Disk diffusion test revealed that no zones of inhibition formed against both P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens for varying concentrations of up to 200 mg/mL of the crude extract. Likewise, the MIC of the extract against both P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens was determined to be >200 mg/mL. However, it was shown that the extract, at 50 mg/mL, has statistically significant activity (p<0.05) against the swarming motility of P. aeruginosa, and it is 71.6% as effective in reducing the swarming area of the bacteria compared to cinnamaldehyde. This was not observed when the extract was tested against the swarming motility of and pigment production by S. marcescens.

Conclusion: In this study, the quorum quenching activity of the crude ethanolic extract of E. indica leaves was found to be effective against P. aeruginosa but not against S. marcescens. The compounds that will be identified by further studies may conceivably be used as an adjunct therapy in P. aeruginosa infections and as coating agents in medical devices.