1.Epidemiological features of some sexually transmitted diseases among the population of Ulaanbaatar city
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2023;204(2):46-57
Introduction:
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than a million cases of sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs) are registered in the world every day. Our country is among the countries with a
concentrated spread of HIV infection among the population at risk According to the WHO classification.
Although Mongolia is one of the countries with a low prevalence of HIV/AIDS, it is considered to a
country with a high risk of STD caused from the location in the middle of the two countries where the
HIV infection is spreading as fastest, thus it is important to study.
Purpose:
The aim is to study the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases in the population of Ulaanbaatar.
Material and Method:
The study was conducted using a single-moment descriptive research design. The following
information was obtained from the statistics of the Health Development Center. Including as following:
• Annual indicators of the disease: Statistical data of sexually transmitted diseases between 2017-
2021 (Ulaanbaatar city)
• Annual indicators of the disease: 2017-2021 statistical data on the state of sexually transmitted
diseases (city average and provincial average)
Result:
Considering the prevalence rate of sexually transmitted infections per 10,000 population by age
group, as of 2017-2021, the population aged 20-39 had the highest rate of infection with 9.4-154.2
cases, and in 2018, the population aged 30-39 had 146.2 cases was the highest.
In terms of the source of infection, 83.1 percent of the total cases in 2017-2021 were sexually
transmitted.
Comparing the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in the population of Ulaanbaatar by
location and the number of cases per 10,000 population, as of 2017-2021, Bagakhangai district
had more cases in 2017 and 2019, and Sukhbaatar district had 221.4 cases in 2018, which was the
highest in the 5-year period, Nalaikh district recorded 64.7 cases in 2020 and 48.4 in 2021, which was
the district with the highest number of cases in these years.
In terms of education, people with secondary education or below accounted for 94.1 percent of all
cases in the 5-year average.
About the marriage status, 35.9 percent of all cases registered in 2017 were never married, and 53.5
percent were married. As of 2018-2021, there has been no significant increase or decrease in this
indicator.
Conclusion
1. During 2017-2021, the cases of sexually transmitted infections (syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis) per 10,000 population was in 2018, the incidence of infection decreased by 2.7 cases, in 2019 it increased by 7 cases, and in 2020 it decreased by 2.2 cases, in 2021, it decreased by 18.3
cases from the previous year, and it is believed that sexually transmitted diseases are expected
to decrease in the future.
2. The average rate of syphilis infection (2017-2021) per 10,000 population in Ulaanbaatar was 4.4 cases higher than the average of the provinces, the average of 4.1 cases of gonorrhea infection
is likely to increase, and the average of trichomoniasis was 13.4 cases or was equal to average
of the provinces and Ulaanbaatar. The problem affecting the incidence of sexually transmitted
diseases is related to the level of education of the citizens. 9 out of 10 people have completed
secondary education or less.
2.Using a Liver Biopsy for Clinical Practice
Davaadorj D ; Ulziisaikhan T ; Tuul B ; Batchuluun P ; Erdenebileg B
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2009;148(2):52-54
Within the spectrum of diagnostic procedures in hepatology, the procurement of a liver specimen plays an important role. The method has been diversifi ed to encompass not only different needle types for cutting and aspiration but also different routes proceeding transvenously or transcutaneously. Over the subsequent 50 years the technique of obtaining liver biopsy samples has been modifi ed regarding the approach, the needle type, and the combination with diagnostic imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography, angiography and laparoscopy. Histological analyses are capable of establishing the etiology of a chronic or acute liver disease, are determined the inflammatory activity (Grading), degree of fi brosis/cirrhosis (Staging), are relevant for the prognosis of the patient and for indication for cost-intensive as well as potentially side are effect-prone therapies. In general, the accepted mortality rate from liver biopsy is between 0,1% and 0,01%. Among the most feared complications of liver biopsies are hemorrhage, seeding of cancer cells, infections, and injury to the viscera. The increasing number of liver transplant patients within the hepatological spectrum requires regular, safe, and high quality biopsies and their appropriate.
3.Fibular fixation in tibiofibular fractureses
Uranbileg B ; Badamgarav G ; Otgonsaikhan N ; Baasansuren Sh ; Erdenebileg A ; Batsukh O ; Naranbat L ; Sanchin U
Innovation 2020;14(2):72-76
Background:
Treatment of adult tibiofibular fractures, especially severely comminuted
fractures, is technically challenging due to the lack of reduction markers and difficulty in restoring
the alignment. Fixation of the fibula can facilitate reduction of the tibia fracture and restoration
of the lower extremity alignment.
Methods:
Between 2018-2019 we have operated on 50 patients who have lie on the same
plane of tibiafibular fractures. Measures of angulation were obtained from radiographs taken
immediately after the surgery, a second time 3 months later, and at 3-month follow-up. The
analysis was performed with STATA.
Results:
Fixating fractures of tibia and fibula at same level were not shown to have complications
on the development of nonunion including fibular shortening, hindfoot alignment, slow process of
nonunion and unstableness.
Conclusions
We recommend fibular fixation in all 50 distal fractures when both fractures lie on
the same plane and the tibial fracture is relatively stabilized.