Objective: To learn the awareness of the Three Level Social-psychological Service in Zhejiang Province and its influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for promoting the construction of social-psychological service system. Methods: The counties (cities, districts) in Zhejiang Province were divided into three levels: high, medium and low, according to economic development. The residents are selected by multistage stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the general information of residents and their awareness of the Three Level Social-psychological Service.The influencing factors for the awareness were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results : Of 7 114 questionnaires sent out, 6 577 valid ones were recovered, with the response rate of 92.45%. The overall awareness rates of the Three Level Social-psychological Service and service sites was 63.02% and 59.91%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age of 40-<50 years ( OR=1.376, 95%CI: 1.077-1.758 ), permanent residence ( OR=1.474, 95%CI: 1.319-1.647 ), being the national pilots ( OR=1.200, 95%CI: 1.079-1.334 ) and having the experience of seeking mental health services before 2018 (OR=1.323, 95%CI: 1.191-1.469) were the influencing factors for the awareness of the Three Level Social-psychological Service; under 50 years old ( OR: 0.610-0.768, 95%CI: 0.423-0.991 ), permanent residence ( OR=1.571, 95%CI: 1.407-1.755 ), being the national pilots ( OR=1.368, 95%CI: 1.232-1.519 ) and having the experience of seeking mental health services before 2018 ( OR=0.733, 95%CI: 0.661-0.812 ) were the influencing factors for the awareness of the Three Level Social-psychological Service sites. Conclusions It is necessary to improve the awareness of the Three Level Social-psychological Service among Zhejiang residents. Age, permanent residence, being the national pilots, seeking mental health service experience before 2018 are associated with the awareness of the Three Level Social-psychological Service.

The external defibrillator is an emergency instrument used very widely in clinics. It plays an important role in rescuing ventricle fibrillation (VF) patients. We have designed an external defibrillator using the truncated exponential biphasic waveform. The system consists of three parts: the ECG collection module, the control module and the defibrillator module. They are introduced respectively, listing the main problems and the methods to solve them. Some experiments have been done and the corresponding results are given.
Animals ; Defibrillators ; Equipment Design ; Swine ; Ventricular Fibrillation

BACKGROUNDEdaravone had been validated to effectively protect against ischemic injuries. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of edaravone by observing the effects on anti-apoptosis, regulation of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression and recovering from damage to mitochondria after OGD (oxygen-glucose deprivation)-reperfusion.

METHODSViability of PC12 cells which were injured at different time of OGD injury, was quantified by measuring MTT (2-(4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) staining. In addition, PC12 cells' viability was also quantified after their preincubation in different concentration of edaravone for 30 min followed by (OGD). Furthermore, apoptotic population of PC12 cells that reinsulted from OGD-reperfusion with or without preincubation with edaravone was determined by flow cytometer analysis, electron microscope and Hoechst/PI staining. Finally, change of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression was detected by Western blot.

RESULTS(1) The viability of PC12 cells decreased with time (1 - 12 h) after OGD. We regarded the model of OGD 2 h, then replacing DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) for another 24 h as an OGD-reperfusion in this research. Furthermore, most PC12 cells were in the state of apoptosis after OGD-reperfusion. (2) The viability of PC12 cells preincubated with edaravone at high concentrations (1, 0.1, 0.01 micromol/L) increased significantly with edaravone protecting PC12 cells from apoptosis after OGD-reperfusion injury. (3) Furthermore, edaravone attenuates the damage of OGD-reperfusion on mitochondria and regulated Bcl-2/Bax protein imbalance expression after OGD-reperfusion.

CONCLUSIONNeuroprotective effects of edaravone on ischemic or other brain injuries may be partly mediated through inhibition of Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic pathways by recovering from the damage of mitochondria.

Animals ; Antipyrine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Ischemia ; prevention & control ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Rats ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the inhibitive effect of C-21 steroidal glycosides from the root of Cynanchum auriculatum (CGB) on rat glioma C6 cells.

METHODSC6 cells were treated with CGB for 24, 48,72 h at concentration of 30, 60, 120 mg/L, respectively. MTT assay was used for evaluating cell viability; fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis after Annexin V/propidium iodide staining or single propidium iodide staining was used to test cell apoptosis and cell cycle.

RESULTSCGB at 30, 60, 120 mg/L concentration-dependently decreased C6 cell viability (P<0.001). CGB at 60 and 120 mg/L induced C6 cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The fraction of G0/G1 cells was increased (P<0.05) and that of S phase cells was decreased (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONCGB can inhibit the growth of rat glioma C6 cells, and induce apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cynanchum ; chemistry ; Glioma ; pathology ; Monosaccharides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Steroids ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVEInsulin-like grouth factor-1 (IGF-1) is polypetide hormone that has demonstrated effects on neural cells. Up to now, there is few reports about the relation between serum IGF-1 and brain damage in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. This study explored the potential role of serum IGF-1 in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

METHODSSerum levels of IGF-1 were measured using ECLIA in 57 term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and 25 normal term neonates. Meanwhile, total serum bilirubin (TSB), unconjugated bilirubin (USB) and serum albumin (ALB) contents were measured by the automatic biochemistry analyzer and the ratio of USB/ALB (B/A) was calculated. The hyperbilirubinemia group was classified into three subgroups based on serum TSB levels: mild (221-256 micromol/L), moderate (257-342 micromol/L) and severe (>342 micromol/L). Serum TSB levels in the 25 normal neonates were less than 85 micromol/L (control group). NBNA was performed on the day of serum sample collection.

RESULTSSerum IGF-1 levels in the mild, moderate and severe hyperbilirubinemia groups (39.38+/- 8.42, 30.77+/- 4.65 and 26.34+/- 2.05 ng/L, respectively) were obviously lower than those in the control group (50.16+/- 15.73 ng/L) (P< 0.01). There were significant differences among the three hyperbilirubinemia subgroups in serum IGF-1 levels (P< 0.01). Mean NBNA scores in the mild, moderate and severe hyperbilirubinemia groups (35.01+/- 2.26, 32.45+/- 2.74 and 26.77+/- 5.02, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the control group (38.24+/- 0.78) (P< 0.01). Significant differences in the NBNA scores were noted among the three hyperbilirubinemia subgroups (P< 0.01). Serum IGF-1 levels were positively correlated to NBNA scores (r=0.603, P< 0.01) and negatively correlated to the ratio of B/A (r=-0.483, P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSSerum IGF-1 levels decreased obviously in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and correlated to the severity of disease. IGF-1 might be associated with bilirubin-induced brain damage.

Bilirubin ; blood ; Brain ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; blood ; complications ; Infant Behavior ; Infant, Newborn ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; analysis ; Male

AIMTo determine the protective effect of ONO-1078, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, on focal cerebral ischemia induced by endothelin-1 in rats.

METHODSSlow microinjection of endothelin-1 (120 pmol in 6 microL, for > 6 min) into the region near the middle cerebral artery was used to induce focal cerebral ischemia. ONO-1078 (0.1 mg.kg-1) was i.p. injected 1 h before endothelin-1 injection. Neurological symptoms, brain edema, brain infarction size, and the survival neurons in cortex and striatum were observed 24 h after ischemia.

RESULTSIntracerebral microinjection of endothelin-1 induced remarkable neurological symptoms, brain infarction, brain edema, and decrease of survival neurons in the cortex and striatum. In rats pretreated with ONO-1078, endothelin-1-induced brain edema and brain infarction size were decreased. The numbers of survival neurons in striatum and cortex were increased significantly. The neurological symptoms were improved but not significantly.

CONCLUSIONONO-1078 possesses neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemic injury induced by endothelin-1, therefore, leukotrienes may play a role in the injury of cerebral ischemia.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Brain Edema ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; Cerebral Infarction ; pathology ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum ; pathology ; Endothelin-1 ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) on the progress of dental research from 1986 to 2010.

METHODSThe data regarding the NSFC allocated to dental and craniofacial research from 1986 to 2010 were collected. Total expenses and numbers of the majority of programs and the situation of completed program finished in recent 7 years were provided.

RESULTSFrom 1986 to 2010, a total of 922 projects and 204 401 thousands Chinese Yuan supported by NSFC were allocated to dental research. The detailed allocations were as follows: general program (564), young scientists fund (258), regional fund (40), key program (11), national science fund for distinguished young scholars (5), major international (regional) joint research program (1), others (43). The grants of talent training increased dramatically. Taking the projects (307) completed between 2003 and 2009 for example, 307 papers were published in Science Citation Index (SCI) included journals and 1049 papers were published on Chinese journals. By the time of completion of the projects, 39 post-doctoral students, 590 students for PhD degree and 670 students for Master degree had been trained.

CONCLUSIONSOver the past 25 years, the continuous increase of NSF on dental research has led to substantial achievement, resulting in great progress of dental oral-cranio-facial research.

China ; Economics, Dental ; Financial Support ; Financing, Organized ; Foundations ; economics ; Oral Medicine ; economics ; Research Support as Topic ; economics ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUNDEndostatin is a potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis. In the preliminary studies, we developed a mutant endostatin containing Arg-Gly-Asp-Arg-Gly-Asp (RGDRGD) sequences. In this study, we compared the antitumor effects of mutant endostatin and Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides both in combination and individually.

METHODSThe artificially synthesized Bcl-2 ASODN (antisense oligonucleotides) included a translation-initiation site and was transfected into the bladder cancer cells by Lipofectamine. Cell growth was investigated by the tumor cell growth chart, MTT assay, caspase-3 activity detection assay, AO/EB fluorescein stain, and the annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay. In the in vivo study, UM-UC-3 bladder cancer cells were subcutaneously implanted into nude mice and the growth of tumor was examined. The ultrastructure of the tumor tissues in the treated and control groups were observed.

RESULTSThe cell growth chart showed that the cell population of the treated combination group decreased by 52.04% compared to the control group. The inhibition rate of the treated combination group was (79.66 ± 6.79)%, whereas those of the individual ASODN and ES groups were (53.39 ± 3.22)% and (50.22 ± 5.46)% respectively. In the caspase-3 activity detection using AO/EB fluorescein stain and annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay, the co-inhibitory effect was higher than the individual inhibitory effects (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the inhibition of the solid tumor growth in the in vivo study.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings indicated that Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides enhance the antitumor effects of mutant endostatin both in vitro and in vivo. We noted the synergistic effects of Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides combined with mutant endostatin.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Synergism ; Endostatins ; administration & dosage ; Mice ; Thionucleotides ; administration & dosage ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; pathology

AIMTo investigate the protective effect of monosialoganglioside (GM1) on injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/Rep) in rat hippocampal slices.

METHODSThe protective effects of GM1 on hippocampal slices after OGD/Rep were observed by detecting the light transmittance (LT) changes of rat hippocampal slices and 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining of rat hippocampal slices.

RESULTS(1) In four groups treated with 0 (control), 0.1, 1.0, 10 micromol/L GM1, the peak of light transmittance (LT) in the slices treated with 1.0 micromol/L GM1 was significantly lower than that of the control and the group treated with 0.10 micromol/L GM1 (P < 0.01, ANOVA), while the peak of LT in the slices treated with 10.0 micromol/L GM1 was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P < 0.01, ANOVA). The time to reach the peak of LT in four groups was significantly different from each other (P < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). The time to reach the peak of LT in the group treated with 1 micromol/L GM1 was the significantly longer than that in the control (P < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). (2) There was characteristic dose-response relationship between GM1 and TTC staining of rat hippocampal slices. In the five groups, treated with 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 micromol/L GM1 respectively, TTC staining in the group treated with 1 micromol/L GM1 was the deepest (P < 0.05 vs. control, 0.01 and 0.1 micromol/L GM1 group, ANOVA), and the next was in the group treated with 10 micromol/L GM1 (P < 0.05 vs. control and 0.01 micromol/L GM1 group, ANOVA).

CONCLUSIONGM1 could protect injury induced by OGD/Rep in rat hippocampal slices effectively in vitro.

Animals ; G(M1) Ganglioside ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; deficiency ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Oxygen ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury

OBJECTIVETo study the BRCA1 mutations in patients with early-onset breast cancer and their affected relatives in Guangdong province and explore the relationship between BRCA1 mutation and the expressions of estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR), HER2 and ALN.

METHODSFrom 58 patients with early-onset breast cancer and their affected relatives, the genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the coding regions of the BRCA1 gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction. BRCA1 gene mutations were screened by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and subsequent direct DNA sequencing. The expression of ER, PR, HER2 and ALN were detected with immunohistochemistry and their relations with the gene mutation were analyzed.

RESULTSDisease-related BRCA1 mutations were detected in 2 of the 58 patients, who were younger than 35 years old, including 1 with a novel splice-site mutation (IVS5-1 G-->A). No association was found between this novel mutation and the expressions of ER, PR, HER2 and ALN.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of BRCA1 mutation is significantly lower in patients with early-onset breast cancer and their affected relatives in Guangdong province than in the Western populations. The novel mutation identified in BRCA1 gene may represent a mutation characteristic of the patients in Guangdong province. BRCA1 gene mutations may not have any relation with the expression of ER, PR, HER2 and ALN.

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Base Sequence ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; Receptors, Progesterone ; genetics