OBJECTIVETo study the scientific evidence of the traditional preparation of Dachengqi: "Boiling Aurantii Immaturus and Magnoliae Officinalis first, and then adding Rhei to decoct together. Discarding the dregs, adding Natrii Sulfas into the decoction and drinking the upper solution when the Natrii Sulfas has dissolved completely".

METHODThe concentrations of free and combined anthraquinonoids(emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, physcion) in different decoctions were determined with HPLC method respectively.

RESULTWhen Natrii Sulfas, Aurantii Immaturus and Magnolias Officinalis are decocted with Rhei in different schemes, the concentrations of anthraquinonoids were changed regularly.

CONCLUSIONThe scientific evidence of traditional preparation method greatly increased the concentrations of the active components in Dachengqi.

Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emodin ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Hot Temperature ; Magnolia ; chemistry ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Sulfates ; Time Factors

Objective To evaluating the effectiveness of comprehensive measures to control the plague in epidemic areas in Longlin county Guangxi from 2001 to 2010.Methods Original epidemic places was deratised,indicative animals were investigated,and epidemic clues were searched.Cage trapping method was used to capture rat and rat body fleas were collected in the plague epidemic areas.The flea-carrying rates and flea index of rodents were calculated based on the number of fleas collected from caged rodents.The animals were then subjected to etiological and serological tests to determine the plague infection rate.Results A total of 1008 rats were captured and 571 fleas were collected from 2001 to 2010,of which Rattus Flavipestus accounted tor 81.65％(823/1008) and Xenopsylla Cheopis for 64.10％(366/571).The annual average rodents infected with flea and the index of flea were 23.02％ (177/769) and 0.74,respectively.The annual average density of rodents decreased from 3.99％ (859/21 508,before deratised) to 0.96％ (149/15 600,after deratised).The deratization rate was 75.94％.Conclusion The risk of a plague epidemic in Longlin county is reduced after continued comprehensive measures be taken to deal with the disease.

Objective To analyze the outcome of surveillance results on plague and to provide the evidences for the policy making in Longlin county Guangxi. Methods The epidemic data and the surveillance results of plague were analyzed and assessed with epidemiology methods in Longlin county Guangxi from 2000 to 2009, and the density of rodents, the rodents infected with flea, flea index and other indicators were calculated. Regional composition of the rats and fleas were analyzed. Results A totally of 4829 rats were captured and 4737 fleas were collected in the past 10 years, Rattus Flavipestus(81.92%,3956/4829) and Xenopsylla Cheopis (79.04%,3744/4737) were dominant species. The annual average density of rodents, the rodents infected with flea, index of flea were 3.30%(4829/146 206), 27.99%(1351/4827) and 0.98(4737/4827), respectively. A totally of 4792 rats were examined and 10 strains Yersinia Pestis were isolated. Indirect hemorrhagic assessed(IHA) was used to test the F1 antibody against plague in the blood serum of the rats and indicator animals, and 3 positive rats and 24 positive animals were found, respectively. Twenty seven natural villages in 3 towns had been involved in the plague. Conclusions The plague foci exists in Longlin county of Guangxi province. The plague foci in the areas have the same feature with the plague foci of Rattus Flavipectus. There is a potential risk for plague in this region, we should improve the quality of surveillance, increase indicator animals of the plague, and try to apply new surveillance method.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the gene-chip detecting rifaman-resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis applied in TB diagnosis and drug-resistant detection.

METHODSMycobacterium tuberculosis and rifaman-resistant strains among 35 rifaman-resistance isolated strains and 102 sputa specimens from TB patients, 27 sputa specimens from other patients were examined the gene-chips. Results obtained were compared with sputum examination, bacteriological culture and standard drug susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

RESULTSThirty-five rifaman-resistance strains were detected by gene-chips and 33 were identified as rifaman-resistance strains and the concordance with the traditional drug susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 94.29%. Twenty-seven sputa specimens from other patients were examined Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the gene-chips, 2 were positive, the detection specialty was 92.59%. Using three methods detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis among 102 sputa specimens the positive rate respectively was, sputum examination 35.29% (36/102), bacteriological culture 28.43% (29/102), gene-chip 77.45% (79/102). Among 102 sputa specimens only 29 examined Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the traditional drug susceptibility test and 8 were rifaman-resistant strains. While using gene-chip, there were 20 among 102 sputa specimens identified as rifaman-resistance strains. Among total 55 rifaman-resistance strains detected by the gene-chips, the most frequent mutations were those associated with codon 531 (23 of 55; 41.8%), 526 (15 of 55; 27.27%) and 516 (9 of 55; 16.36%).

CONCLUSIONResults showed that this was a rapid, simple and highly specific method when using gene-chip to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifaman-resistant strains.

China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Point Mutation ; Rifampin ; pharmacology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; epidemiology ; microbiology