The improvement of the electroosmotic pump properties and the effects of the bi-directional electrostacking system on the pre-concentration factor were investigated.A portable electrokinetic flow analysis system with electroosmotic driving and bi-directional electrostacking unit was introduced.The improved system with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was employed to separate,pre-concentrate and determine Cr(Ⅵ) and Cd(Ⅱ)in mineral water.The detection limit of Cr(Ⅵ)and Cd(Ⅱ)was 9 ng/L and 10 ng/L(3б of blank,n=11),respectively.Their recoveries of 200ng/L Cr(Ⅵ) and 100ng/L Cd(Ⅱ) added to samples were(105～107)±2% and (104～106)±2%(n=3).

Objective To explore the changes of humoral immunity in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)and observe the influence of perinatal factors on humoral immune function.Methods Sixty-two neonates with HIE were enrolled and 30 healthy neonates were selected as control group.The percentages of CD19,CD25 of B lymphocyte were detected by Flow Cytometr.The levels of IgG,IgM,IgA and complement C3,C4 were detected by immune rate nephewlometry.The results were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software.Results 1.The percentages of CD19+(17.93?3.10)%,CD19+CD25+(0.64?0.42)% and the levels of IgM(0.13?0.05)g/L,IgA(0.14?0.07)g/L and complement C3(0.62?0.12)g/L,C4(0.10?0.03)g/L in neonates with HIE were significantly lower than those in the healthy term neonates(Pa0.05).2.There were dignificant diffe-rences of the percentages of CD19+,CD19+CD25+ and the levels of IgM,IgA,complement C3,C4 among the different stages of HIE(Pa

Objective: To investigate the factors affecting depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly, so as to provide the basis for promoting mental health among the elderly. Methods: The elderly aged 60 years and above in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province were recruited using the multistage stratified random sampling method from June to August 2022, and demographic information, lifestyle and self-rated health status were collected by questionnaires. The symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. The presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was determined when both the PHQ-9 score and the GAD-7 score were 10 points and higher. Factors affecting depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 7 771 individuals were surveyed, including 3 490 males (44.91%) and 4 281 females (55.09%), and had a mean age of (72.11±6.79) years. The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was 2.05%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified residence (urban area, OR=0.316, 95%CI: 0.201-0.498), sedentary duration (<3 h/d, OR=0.349, 95%CI: 0.232-0.525; 3-5 h/d, OR=0.458, 95%CI: 0.313-0.671), physical activity (≥3 times/week, OR=0.551, 95%CI: 0.373-0.815), sleep quality (poor, OR=2.491, 95%CI: 1.738-3.571), social isolation (OR=1.688, 95%CI: 1.148-2.481) and self-rated health (poor, OR=5.857, 95%CI: 3.547-9.671; normal, OR=1.903, 95%CI: 1.234-2.937) as the influencing factors for depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly is associated with residence, sedentary duration, sleep quality, physical activity, social interactions and self-rated health status.

OBJECTIVE: To evalute the effects of TAK-147, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor on rat spatial memory deficit using the Morris water maze. METHODS: Morris water maze was used to measure spatial memory in rats, and open field test was used to analysis locomotor activity. RESULTS: Scopolamine (0.4mg/kg,IP) significantly increased the latency period in memory acquisition. Intraperitoneal TAK-147 injection ameliorated scopolamine-induced deficit in a dose-related manner. A significant effect was obtained at doses of 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg. Both TAK-147 (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) and tacrine (3 and 5 mg/kg) significantly reversed scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg) increased latency in memory retrieval. However, TAK-147 had a more potent effect than tacrine. In the locomotor test, TAK-147 created no appreciable change, compared with scopolamine or saline. CONCLUSION: A novel acetycholinesterase inhibitor, TAK-147 ameliorates the scopolamine induced impaired spatial memory in rats.

Objective: To determine the in vitro and in vivo absorption properties of active ingredients of the Chinese medicine, baicalein, to enrich mechanistic understanding of oral drug absorption. Methods: The Biopharmaceutic Classification System (BCS) category was determined using equilibrium solubility, intrinsic dissolution rate, and intestinal permeability to evaluate intestinal absorption mech-anisms of baicalein in rats in vitro. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model commercial software GastroPlus?was used to predict oral absorption of baicalein in vivo. Results: Based on equilibrium solubility, intrinsic dissolution rate, and permeability values of main absorptive segments in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, baicalein was classified as a drug with low solubility and high permeability. Intestinal perfusion with venous sampling (IPVS) revealed that baicalein was extensively metabolized in the body, which corresponded to the low bioavailability predicted by the PBPK model. Further, the PBPK model predicted the key indicators of BCS, leading to reclassification as BCS-II. Predicted values of peak plasma concentration of the drug (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) fell within two times of the error of the measured results, highlighting the superior prediction of ab-sorption of baicalein in rats, beagles, and humans. The PBPK model supported in vitro and in vivo evi-dence and provided excellent prediction for this BCS class Ⅱ drug. Conclusion: BCS and PBPK are complementary methods that enable comprehensive research of BCS parameters, intestinal absorption rate, metabolism, prediction of human absorption fraction and bioavailability, simulation of PK, and drug absorption in various intestinal segments across species. This combined approach may facilitate a more comprehensive and accurate analysis of the absorption characteristics of active ingredients of Chinese medicine from in vitro and in vivo perspectives.

Background Since the measurement method establishment of serum ferritin abroad in early period of theseventies, the iron deficiency had been divided into two types: the non-anemia and anemia types. In orderto go step further studies, we must ertablish the bemoglobin targets of the two types. Methods One hurdred and fifty-two children in experimontal group, from 6 to 7 years old, and allcome from Qinghai province. There are 29 children in Xining city, 24 in Guide, 26 in Gongbe, 40 in Gui-nan and 33 in Maduo countics. There are 36 health children aged from 6 to 7 years old in the controlgroup, and all comes from Beijing. The Hb, RBC, HCT, HCTW and FEP wcre determined. Results The three targets correlating with Hb (Hb, MCH and MCHC); correlating with RBC (RBC,HCT and MCV); the two targets correlating with RBC_weight (HCTW and CMCW) and correlating withFEP of RBC(FEP and MCEP) have very significant difference between experimental group and control group. Conclusion The determination values of the 10 targets are not same in children in different districts,and the values of all the target: are increased on different degree along with the increase in altitude of ele-vation. There is very important significance on the studies of iron deficiency and altitude hypoxia to establish the normal values of the 10 targets.

The chemical shift of fluoxetine hydrochloride appears at delta 14.15 in 19F NMR analysis. The delta moved upfield slightly from 14.158 to 14.145 when the concentration of solution became diluted from 2.00 to 0.05 mmol x L(-1). Spiking test was suggested to confirm the existence of the compound for qualitative analysis. 19F NMR detection sensitivity test illustrated that a concentration of 17 mg in 1 L water could be detected while the sample was scanned 500 times with optimum parameters. In quantitative analysis, standard curve of concentration versus fluorine signal intensity was proposed to determine the amount of fluoxetine. Long capillary tube containing trifluoroacetic acid was used as internal standard for the integration measurements and straight line was obtained with good fitting. Direct additions of trifluoroethanol to fluoxetine solutions gave a poorer standard curve.
Fluorine ; chemistry ; Fluoxetine ; analysis ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Trifluoroacetic Acid ; analysis

Objective To explore the establishment of a rat model of acute radiation-induced liver injury and sig-nificance of the dynamic changes of TGF-β1 expression.Methods Forty healthy 6-week old male SD rats were randomly divided into model group (n=30) and control group (n=10).The right liver of rats in the model group was given a single dose of 25 Gy 6 MV X-ray irradiation.Histopathological examination using HE staining and transmission electron microsco-py were conducted to observe the liver pathological changes in rats at 3, 5, and 10 days after irradiation, serum TGF-β1 was detected, and relevant indicators of liver function ( ALT, AST, ALP) were determined.Statistical analysis was per-formed using SPSS 17.0 software.Results At 3, 5 and 10 days after irradiation, early pathological changes in the liver cells were observed by electron microscopy, the expression of TGF-β1 was gradually increased with the time prolongation, and significant differences were found between the model group and the control group at different time points (P<0.05). The light microscopic observation of liver tissues did not show significant differences between the control group and model group.The liver ALT, AST, ALP at different time points did not show significant differences between the two groups ( P>0.05).Conclusion Electron microscopy can be used to evaluate the early changes of radiation-induced liver injury, pri-or to the alterations visible by routine light microscopy.TGF-β1 can be used to predict the degree of radiation-induced liver injury, and may be used as a sensitive serum cytokine in predicting the degree of radiation-induced acute liver injury.

OBJECTIVETo develop HDV as a vehicle to deliver hammerhead ribozyme into hepatocytes, the effects of modified HDV was assessed on the activity of embedded hammerhead ribozyme in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSIn vitro activity of ribozyme or HDV-driven ribozyme was assessed by incubating with the [alpha-32 P]-ATP labeled HBV RNA substrates at different temperature. Huh-7 cells were cotransfected with ribozyme or HDV-ribozyme chimera and HBV genome, by which inhibition of ribozymes on HBV transcription in vivo were examined.

RESULTSThe results indicated that both temperature and secondary structure influenced the cleavage activity of HDV-driven ribozyme significantly. When the factors were eliminated, the HDV-driven ribozyme could act as well as its counterpart naked ribozyme. While in cultured cells the HDV-driven ribozyme had higher inhibition to HBV gene expression than that of ribozyme alone.

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that HDV may weaken the activity of embedded ribozyme in vitro, but make it enhanced in cultured cells. Thus, this study could provide a useful evidence to develop HDV as vector for liver-special delivery of ribozyme to against chronic HBV infection.

Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis Delta Virus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Catalytic ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substrate Specificity ; Temperature ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the endourethral surgery for the complicated urethra stenosis and urethratresia.

METHODSThe endourethral surgery, such as internal urethrotomy transurethral scar electrosectomy or transurethral scar plasmakinetic bipolar electrocautery (PKR) or transurethral laser cicatrectomy, were carried out in 46 cases suffering from the complicated urethra stenosis and urethratresia.

RESULTSThe curative rate in this series being achieved by once and twice or three times'operation were 80.43% (39/46) and 13.04% (6/46) respectively. Three cases of treatment failure were caused by long-segment stricture and urethratresia or severe malposition of the urethral proximal and distal to a narrow-caliber area or post-operation infection. Thirty-nine cases have been followed up for 6 to 84 months. Satisfactory voiding has been achieved in all patients.

CONCLUSIONEndoscopic surgery was believed to be a safe and efficient therapeutic choice for the complicated urethra stenosis and urethratresia. The success of the treatment depends on understanding the length of the stricture before operation, resecting completely the scar tissue with electric or PKR or laser technique during the process, preventing infection and managing appropriately the urethral catheterization after operation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Urethra ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Urethral Obstruction ; surgery ; Urethral Stricture ; surgery ; Urogenital Surgical Procedures ; methods