OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of different concentrations of glucose on the differentiation of 3T3-L(1) and the expression of insig-1 and insig-2 mRNA, and to explore the effect of insulin-induced gene in the differentiation and formation of adipocytes and lipogenesis. METHODS: The 3T3-L(1) cells were induced to differentiate in high glucose concentration (25 mol/L G.S), low glucose concentration (5.5 mol/L G.S), and mannitol (19.5 mol/L Mannitol +5.5 mol/L G.S), respectively. The differentiation of 3T3-L(1) cells was examined by oil red "O" straining, and the expression of insig-1,insig-2 mRNA and AP2 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: With the differentiation of 3T3-L(1) cells, the expression of insig-1 and insig-2 mRNA was gradually up-regulated. The expression of insig-1 and insig-2 mRNA significantly increased while AP(2) mRNA decreased in the low glucose concentration inducing group and mannitol inducing group. In the high glucose concentration inducing group, the cell differentiation was poor (P<0.05). There was no difference between the low glucose concentration and the mannitol group in the differentiation of 3T3-L(1) cells, and in the expression of insig-1 and insig-2 and AP(2) mRNA. CONCLUSION Different concentrations of glucose may influence the cell differentiation and the low glucose concentration promotes insig-1 and insig-2 gene expression, which may lead to the inhibition of the differentiation and lipogenesis of preadipocytes.
3T3-L1 Cells ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo establish and characterize imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) xenografts. Further provided an ideal experimental platform through the imatinib-resistant GIST xenografts to investigate the mechanism of resistance to imatinib.

METHODSImatinib-resistant GIST cells were injected under the skin of athymic nude mice to establish animal models of human imatinib-resistant GIST. The molecular and histopathologic features of GIST xenografts were also analysed and compared with their counterpart of cell lines.

RESULTSThe xenograft tumor models had been established by subcutaneously injection of GIST cells into nude mice. Immunohistochemistry results showed CD117 expression was positive in GIST-PR2 xenograft tumor, but negative in GIST-R. In GIST-PR1, tumor areas showing rhabdomyoblastic differentiation were presented next to areas with classic GIST morphology. The rhabdomyoblastic component demonstrated consistently positivity for desmin and myogenin, whereas CD117 was completely negative. The mutation profiles of these xenograft tumors were the same as their counterpart of cell lines.

CONCLUSIONSHuman GIST xenografts with mutation in c-kit have been established from imatinib-resistant GIST lines. Those models will enable further studies on mechanisms of resistance, combination therapies and allow testing of novel targeted therapies.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzamides ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Mutation ; Myogenin ; metabolism ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Objective To evaluate the safety of the split influenza vaccine Anflu.Methods A total of 198 subjects were enrolled in this open clinical trial.Of which,97 aged 18-60 years old and 101 aged 61 years old.28 of the subjects had history of chronic disease,while all the subjects were under stable health condition.After being infoma consented,each subject was vaccinated with one dose of split influeza vaccine and observed for 7 days for adverse reactions.Results A total of 17 subjects reported adverse reactions and the adverse reactions occurrence rate was 8.6%.The adverse reactions occurrence rate was 13.4%in the adult group and 4.0%in the elderly group(x2=5.620,P=0.018).Local adverse reactions occurrence rate was 5.5%and pain at the iniection site was the major symptom.System adverse reactions rate was 3.5% and fever was the most frequently reported symptom.None of the subjects with chronic disease history reported adverse reactions.Conclusion The results showed that the vaccine did not cause new adverse reaction,serious adverse event or rare adverse reaction.The split influenza vaccine was safe.

Objective To evaluate the safety of the split influenza vaccine Anflu.Methods A total of 198 subjects were enrolled in this open clinical trial.Of which,97 aged 18-60 years old and 101 aged 61 years old.28 of the subjects had history of chronic disease,while all the subjects were under stable health condition.After being infoma consented,each subject was vaccinated with one dose of split influeza vaccine and observed for 7 days for adverse reactions.Results A total of 17 subjects reported adverse reactions and the adverse reactions occurrence rate was 8.6%.The adverse reactions occurrence rate was 13.4%in the adult group and 4.0%in the elderly group(x2=5.620,P=0.018).Local adverse reactions occurrence rate was 5.5%and pain at the iniection site was the major symptom.System adverse reactions rate was 3.5% and fever was the most frequently reported symptom.None of the subjects with chronic disease history reported adverse reactions.Conclusion The results showed that the vaccine did not cause new adverse reaction,serious adverse event or rare adverse reaction.The split influenza vaccine was safe.