To study the chemical constituents of the Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr., seeds of Entada phaseoloides were extracted with 70% ethanol at room temperature. Isolation and purification were performed by silica gel, reversed-phase silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Structures of the pure compounds were established on the basis of spectral analysis. Four sulfur-containing amide compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH-soluble fraction and identified as entadamide A-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), entadamide A (2), entadamide A-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and clinacoside C (4). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compound 4 is isolated from the genus Entada for the first time.

OBJECTIVEA novel method was established and the results were compared for HPLC fingerprint determination of crude and processed products of Entada phaseoloides.

METHODHPLC-UV was proposed for studying the fingerprints of fresh E. phaseoloides and their processed products, respectively. HPLC-ESI-MS was introduced to analyze the common peaks in each batch of crude E. phaseoloides.

RESULTSixteen characteristic peaks were found in crude E. phaseoloides samples and twenty-one common peaks existed in processed E. phaseoloides samples. Nine characteristic peaks of which were identified by comparison of the retention time and their molecular weights of chemical standards, most of which were identificated belong to triterpenoid saponins and glucosides.

CONCLUSIONAfter processed, the chemical composition of the extraction with solution of 60% methanol from crude E. phaseoloides are less or more than that from processed E. phaseoloides, and the changes of the main peaks of fingerprint chromatographic suggest that HPLC can be used to reflect the difference of chemical composition of E. phaseoloides and their processed products. It would be an efficient way for qualitative control of E. phaseoloides.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fabaceae ; chemistry

Purpose:To avoid using steroid in long term and decrease its side effects. Methods:We analyzedthe data of 9 cases of patients whose immunosuppressive therapy were based on FK506 and MMF. Steroid hasbeen withdrawn in 6 to 8 months after kidney transplantation. Results:All patients have been followed-up. Theresults indicated that no patient exhibited any acute rejection episode, and the side effects of steroid were dimin-ished. Conclusions :We believe that withdrawal of steroid on basis of FK506 and MMF may be safe. and furtherinvestigations are necessary.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic efficacy of standard antiviral therapy applied after interferon (IFN) treatment failure in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

METHODSCHC patients who completed a 48-week course of IFN therapy (pegylated (Peg)-IFNa-2a at 180 mug, qw, ih with or without ribavirin (RBV) at 15 mg/kg/w) in our hospital between January 2009 and June 2012 but who showed no response (at week 48) or who relapsed (at week 72) were enrolled in the study. Prior to initiating the 48-week course of retreatment therapy (Peg-IFNa-2a plus RBV as above), the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype was detected and the viral load measured (baseline) by PCR of HCV RNA. Each patient's response to therapy was classified as follows: baseline vs. week 4 (rapid virological response, RVR), vs. weeks 12 and 24 (early virological response, EVR), vs. week 48 (end of treatment virological response, ETVR) and vs. week 72 (sustained virological response, SVR).

RESULTSOf the total 235 cases administered retreatment therapy, 60.0% (n = 140) achieved RVR, 77.4% (n = 182) achieved EVR, 83.8% (n = 197) achieved ETVR, 68.0% (n = 68%) achieved SVR, and 15.7% (n = 37) relapsed. Stratification analysis of recurrence (n = 158) and non-responsive (n = 77) sub-groups showed that the recurrence group experienced significantly higher rates of RVR, EVR, ETVR and SVR, but a significantly lower rate of relapse. Stratification analysis of genotype 1b carrier (n = 206) and non-1b carrier (n = 29) sub-groups showed that the 1b carriers had significantly lower rates of RVR, EVR, ETVR and SVR, but a significantly higher rate of relapse. Finally, the patients who achieved RVR (vs. non RVR, n = 95) and EVR (vs. non-EVR, n = 53) showed higher rates of SVR and ETVR.

CONCLUSIONCHC patients who fail to respond to the initial course of standard IFN-based therapy may achieve SVR upon retreatment, especially those infected with the HCV genotype 1b.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Interferons ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Retreatment ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Failure

Objective To understand the distribution of serum Homocysteine (Hcy)among the middle -aged and the elderly in a refining and chemical company and to provide suggestions for prevention and control of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy).Methods A total of 5 113 employees aged over 40 who received annual physical examination in our medical center in 2013 were enrolled in this study.Serum Hcy levels and HHcy positive rate were analyzed by gender and age.The relationship between HHcy and major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases were also analyzed.Results Serum Hcy levels and HHcy positive rate among male were higher than female in each phase of age The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01 ).Within the same gender group,HHcy positive rate increased significantly with age (P <0.01 ).Linear correlation and logistic regression showed that male (OR =3.99,95%CI =3.12 -5.10),age (OR =1.02,95%CI =1.01 -1.02),history of hypertension(OR =2.56,95%CI =2.04 -3.22),systolic pressure(OR =1.01,95%CI =1.01-1.02)and body mass index (OR =1.40,95% CI =1.04 -1.89 )were independent risk factors of HHcy,while creatinine clearance(OR =0.39,95%CI =0.31 -0.49)was protective factor.Conclusion The age,systolic pressure, body mass index and creatinine clearance was related to Hcy levels.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of different concentrations of glucose on the differentiation of 3T3-L(1) and the expression of insig-1 and insig-2 mRNA, and to explore the effect of insulin-induced gene in the differentiation and formation of adipocytes and lipogenesis. METHODS: The 3T3-L(1) cells were induced to differentiate in high glucose concentration (25 mol/L G.S), low glucose concentration (5.5 mol/L G.S), and mannitol (19.5 mol/L Mannitol +5.5 mol/L G.S), respectively. The differentiation of 3T3-L(1) cells was examined by oil red "O" straining, and the expression of insig-1,insig-2 mRNA and AP2 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: With the differentiation of 3T3-L(1) cells, the expression of insig-1 and insig-2 mRNA was gradually up-regulated. The expression of insig-1 and insig-2 mRNA significantly increased while AP(2) mRNA decreased in the low glucose concentration inducing group and mannitol inducing group. In the high glucose concentration inducing group, the cell differentiation was poor (P<0.05). There was no difference between the low glucose concentration and the mannitol group in the differentiation of 3T3-L(1) cells, and in the expression of insig-1 and insig-2 and AP(2) mRNA. CONCLUSION Different concentrations of glucose may influence the cell differentiation and the low glucose concentration promotes insig-1 and insig-2 gene expression, which may lead to the inhibition of the differentiation and lipogenesis of preadipocytes.
3T3-L1 Cells ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics

To study the chemical constituents of the Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr., seeds of Entada phaseoloides were extracted with 70% ethanol at room temperature. Isolation and purification were performed by silica gel, reversed-phase silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Structures of the pure compounds were established on the basis of spectral analysis. Four sulfur-containing amide compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH-soluble fraction and identified as entadamide A-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), entadamide A (2), entadamide A-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and clinacoside C (4). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compound 4 is isolated from the genus Entada for the first time.
Acrylamides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Thioglucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the incidence and risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants.

METHODSBetween May, 2008 and May, 2011, a total of 957 preterm infants at 4-6 weeks of chronological age or 32 weeks of postmenstrual age underwent retinal evaluation by RetCamII in our center, and the data of infants with ROP in any stage were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 957 preterm infants, we found 86 (8.99%) infants to have ROP in different stages, including 60 (6.27%) with mild ROP and 26 (2.72%) with severe ROP. The birth weight and gestational age of the infants with severe ROP averaged 1 420.40∓328.64 g and 29.88∓1.67 weeks, as compared to 1 593.28∓339.30 g and 31.78∓2.53 weeks in those with mild ROP, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.005). The significant variables for severe ROP included gestational age (P=0.001), birth weight (P=0.035), 1 min Apgar score (P=0.001), 5 min Apgar score (P=0.005), number of blood transfusions (P=0.032), and the presence of apnea (P=0.04) and retinal hemorrhage (P=0.000). Gestational age and retinal hemorrhage were the independent risk factors for severe ROP (OR=0.353, 95%CI 0.163-0.763, P=0.008; OR=26.133, 95%CI 3.042-224.501, P=0.035).

CONCLUSIONSevere ROP tends to have a decreasing incidence and occurs more often in more mature preterm infants. The affected infants have the characteristics of the first epidemics. Gestational age and retinal hemorrhage are independent predictive factors for severe ROP.

Birth Weight ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; complications ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect and safety of Shang Ring circumcision with those of conventional circumcision in the treatment of redundant prepuce or phimosis.

METHODSWe retrieved the randomized controlled trials on Shang Ring circumcision and conventional circumcision for the treatment of redundant prepuce or phimosis published at home and abroad. Relevant data were selected according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews by two reviewers after quality evaluation of the included trials, and the statistical software RevMan 5.0 was used for meta analysis.

RESULTSTotally 8 randomized controlled trials with 2277 cases were included in this study. Compared with conventional circumcision, Shang Ring circumcision showed a shorter operation time (SMD = -5.82, 95% CI [ -7.39, -4.24], P<0.00001), less intraoperative blood loss (SMD = -3.28, 95% CI [ -3.47, -3.09], P<0.00001), lower rate of infection (OR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.26, 0.72], P=0.001), lower rate of postoperative bleeding (OR =0.05, 95% CI [0.02, 0.12], P<0.00001), higher rate of satisfaction with the postoperative penile appearance (OR=12.72, 95% CI [1.30, 124.56], P=0.03), lower intraoperative pain score (SMD = -3.32, 95% CI [ -3.50, -3.14], P<0.00001), and lower 24-hour-postoperative pain score (SMD = -3.28, 95% CI [ - 3.47, - 3.00], P<0.00001), but longer wound healing time (OR=1.46, 95% CI [1.03, 1.90], P<0.00001).

CONCLUSIONIn comparison with conventional circumcision, Shang Ring circumcision has the advantages of shorter operation time, fewer complications, mild pain, and higher rate of satisfaction with the postoperative penile appearance. However, more high-quality randomized controlled trials with large samples are required to lend further support to our findings.

Circumcision, Male ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Phimosis ; surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Hobukesar Mongolian Autonomous County of Xinjiang (HMACX) and to discuss the related strategies for prevention and control. Methods A randomized sampling method was used to screen local residents for human CE in HMACX. CE related risk factors including ethnicity,age,sex,occupation and personal status on hygiene etc. were analyzed under multi-factor logistic regression. Results The prevalence rates of CE and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) were 3.7% (23/627) and 0.16%(1/627) respectively,with the seropositive rate as 12.4% (76/613). The main risk factors that significantly associated with CE were age (OR=7.6,95% CI: 2.481-23.579) and slaughtering livestock in the households (OR=3.2,95%CI: 1.297-7.809). Herdsmen had the highest prevalence of CE in all of the occupations in this study. Conclusion HMACX had been a highly endemic area for human CE,with age and family slaughtering-livestock-behavior appeared to be the main possible risk factors.