OBJECTIVETo discuss the effect of limited head and neck squamous cell carcinomas human papillomavirus(HPV) infection status on the prognosis in different nationalities of Xinjiang.

METHODSThe clinical data of 149 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from Uighur, Han and Kazak was analyzed. The HPV16/18 infection and viral load was examined.The prognosis was analyzed by cox multiIvar-Iate model. The effect of HPV infection status on prognosis was evaluated.

RESULTSIn this study, Oropharyngeal HPV infection rate was 35.0%, followed by hypopharynx 30.0%, oropharyx was 16.0%. The overall survival rate of 3 years and 5 years was 66.4%, and 39.2% respectively. The clinical stage,N stage and HPV were influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (P< 0.05). N stage and HPV were independent prognostic factors for the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a high rate of HPV infection in oropharynx in head and neck cancer. HPV positive is a protective factor for the prognosis of head and neck cancer, and the risk of death in patients with HPV was 3/5 lower than that of HPV negative patients. HPV viral load may be positively related to the total survival rate. N stage is a risk factor for the prognosis of head and neck cancer. Different nationalities have little influence on prognosis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; ethnology ; mortality ; pathology ; virology ; China ; Ethnic Groups ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; ethnology ; mortality ; pathology ; virology ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; mortality ; virology ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors ; Viral Load

In order to establish a method by which the recombinant suicide plasmids integrated on the chromosome could be recircled, A simple method of transconjugative cloning was established with the helper plasmids pMT999 or pRK2013 and fusion strains of Shigella flexneri which were obtained by screening with in vivo expression technology. And the cloning efficiency with this method is very high.

OBJECTIVETo explore the treatment of anterior decompression and reconstruction for burst thoracolumbar fractures with anterior and median column injury and to evaluate the therapeutic effect.

METHODSThirty-four patients suffering from burst thoracolumbar fractures with anterior and median column injury (male 22 and female 12, aged from 20 to 63,with an average of 40.5 years) were treated by anterior decompression and reconstruction from May 2001 to October 2006. Operative duration, bleeding and the neurological function of patients were recorded.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 3 to 60 months and the average time was 24.5 months. Operative duration was (178 +/- 65) min. The volume of bleeding was (1 750 +/- 950) ml and the volume of autotransfusion was (950 +/- 750) ml. Cobb angle were corrected from 27.0 degrees +/- 6.5 degrees to 3.0 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees. All fractures obtained fusion. No failure of internal fixation and formation of false joint happened.

CONCLUSIONThe technique of anterior decompression and reconstruction for burst thoracolumbar fractures with anterior and median column injury is effective, with which the decompression and reconstruction of the spinal stability can be performed under direct vision at one stage, and the sagittal alignment can be corrected at the same time. The procedure will be more smoothly by the application of the intraoperative autotransfusion.

Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the location of the anterior border of facets and the posterior border of vertebral bodies in lower cervical spine,and to provide a quantitative data to evaluate the correct length of transarticual screws in lower cervical spine during procedure.

METHODSOne hundred standard lateral X-ray films and fifty CT films on cervical spine were used to measure the distance of the anterior border of facets and the posterior border of vertebral bodies in lower cervical spine. HS, HM and HI were defined as parameters, which means the distance between the anterior border of the superior (HS), median (HM) and inferior (HI) part of facets and the posterior border of corresponding vertebral bodies. The value will be negative if the anterior border of the facet located before the vertebral body.

RESULTS'HS > HM > HI' was found in all facets in lower cervical spine. The anterior border of the facet in C(3,4) located before the posterior border of the vertebral body of C3. The anterior border of C(4,5) and C(5,6) was inclined to posterior. The anterior border of C(6,7) located after the posterior border of the vertebral body of C6. The pattern of HS increased from C(3,4) to C(6,7), the minimal (0 +/- 0.25) mm and the maximal (2.91 +/- 1.05) mm. The tendency of HM raised from C(3,4) to C(6,7), the minimal (-1.57 +/- 0.53) mm and the maximal (1.54 +/- 0.39) mm. The pattern HI added from C(3,4) to C(6,7), the minimal (-2.03 +/- 0.40) mm and the maximal (1.08 +/- 0.70) mm.

CONCLUSIONDuring the implantation of the transarticular screws, the tip of the screws should be 0-2 mm before the posterior border of the vertebral body of C3 at C(3,4), 0-2 mm after that of C4 at C(4,5), 0.5-2.5 mm at C(5,6) and 1-3 mm at C(6,7). The quantitative location between the anterior border of facets and the posterior border of the corresponding vertebral bodies can offer an indirect method to evaluate the correct length of transarticual screws in lower cervical spine during procedure.

Cervical Vertebrae ; chemistry ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Zygapophyseal Joint ; chemistry ; surgery

BACKGROUNDAcute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a major healthcare problem affecting millions of patients worldwide. However, epidemiologic data concerning AKI in China are still lacking. The objectives of this study were to characterize AKI defined by RIFLE criteria, assess the association with hospital mortality, and evaluate the impact of AKI in the context of other risk factors.

METHODSThis prospective multicenter observational study enrolled 3,063 consecutive patients from 1 July 2009 to 31 August 2009 in 22 ICUs across mainland China. We excluded patients who were admitted for less than 24 hours (n = 1623), younger than 18 years (n = 127), receiving chronic hemodialysis (n = 29), receiving renal transplantation (n = 1) and unknown reasons (n = 28). There were 1255 patients in the final analysis. AKI was diagnosed and classified according to RIFLE criteria.

RESULTSThere were 396 patients (31.6%) who had AKI, with RIFLE maximum class R, I, and F in 126 (10.0%), 91 (7.3%), and 179 (14.3%) patients, respectively. Renal function deteriorated in 206 patients (16.4%). In comparison with non AKI patients, patients in the risk class on ICU admission were more likely to progress to the injury class (odds ratio (OR) 3.564, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.706 - 7.443, P = 0.001], while patients in the risk class (OR 5.215, 95% CI 2.798-9.719, P < 0.001) and injury class (OR 13.316, 95% CI 7.507-23.622, P < 0.001) had a significantly higher probability of deteriorating into failure class. The adjusted hazard ratios for 90-day mortality were 1.884 for the risk group, 3.401 for the injury group, and 5.306 for the failure group.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of AKI was high among critically ill patients in Chinese ICUs. In comparison with non-AKI patients, patients with RIFLE class R or class I on ICU admission were more susceptibility to progression to class I or class F. The RIFLE criteria were robust and correlated well with clinical deterioration and mortality.

Acute Kidney Injury ; epidemiology ; etiology ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

The 1-DNJ named 1-deoxynojirimycinis (2R,3R,4R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol, which is the nature active components existingin mulberryresources including leaves, stems, roots and silkworm larva, silkworm chrysalis, etc.The 1-deoxynojirimycin is a polyhydroxylated piperidine alkaloid, which was first found in Streptomyces as an antibiotic. Then the Japanese researchers isolated it from the mulberry root. 1-DNJ can inhibit postprandial hyperglycemia by suppressing intestinal alpha glucosidase. Therefore, 1-DNJ is often used to treat treating diabetes and complicating disease and to prevent obesity and weight-related disorders. With the development of the researches, 1-deoxynojirimycin and its derivtiv was discovered to possess anti-hyperglycemic, anti-virus, anti-tumor functions and so on. Therefore,based on our current studythe existing knowledge on source, technique preparation process, pharmacokinetics, bioactivties,and in silico target fishing of 1-DNJ were summarized, so that the researchers may use it to explore future perspective of research on 1-DNJ.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and factors associated with the avoidance of activity, that induced by fear of falling in the community-dwelling elderly so as to provide evidence for preventing elderly from falling and to increase the quality of life.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 972 elderly in Zhejiang. Data were collected through face-to-face interview. Both Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the related factors on the avoidance of activity induced by fear of falling.

RESULTSOf the 1 972 elderly, 43.15% (95% CI: 40.97%-45.34%) appeared avoidance of activity induced by fear of falling. There were no significant difference between males (41.79%, 95% CI: 38.61%-44.98%) and females (44.36%, 95% CI: 41.34%-47.38%), with χ² = 1.32, P > 0.05. The corresponding figures of the 60-69 years group, 70-79 years group and the ≥ 80 years group were 37.07%, 44.87% and 59.04%, respectively (Trend χ² = 48.93, P < 0.01). Of those elderly who ever fell in the past 12 months, 51.94% (95% CI: 46.34%-57.53%) of them were afraid of falling which would lead to avoid of engaging in physical activities. Of the elderly who had no histories of falling in the past 12 months, 41.52% (95% CI: 39.14%-43.89%) feared of falling and avoided engaging in related activities (χ² = 11.56, P < 0.01). Results from the Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the related factors would include general/poor perceived health status (OR = 1.53-1.69), impaired vision (OR = 1.95-2.98), impaired hearing (OR = 1.77), use of assistive devices (OR = 2.71), osteoporosis (OR = 3.35), dizziness (OR = 3.05), age ≥ 80 years old (OR = 1.56) and the level of received education.

CONCLUSIONAvoidance of physical activity induced by fear of falling among community-dwelling elderly was commonly seen. Health education and intervention measures should be strengthened to the elderly, so as to encourage them to engaging in physical activities and to improve their quality of life.

Accidental Falls ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Quality of Life

Decoction is a classical dosage form of traditional Chinese medicines. In the process of decocting, various complex components produce physical interactions and chemical reactions, among which physical interactions include van der Waals force, hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking, etc., and chemical reactions include Maillard reaction, oxidation reaction, hydrolysis reaction, degradation reaction, polymerization reaction, etc. New substances and original ingredients from chemical reactions can be further activated. These effects form the basis of particle formation in the broth. The sizes of the particles in decoctions range from nanoscale to micron scale, mostly composed of polysaccharide, protein matrix, wrapped in water insoluble molecules, can increase the dispersion of insoluble components and the stability of unstable components, as well as reduce the volatile components and toxic components of volatile components, and ultimately achieve the purpose of efficient absorption and toxicity reduction. From the angle of physical change and chemical reaction in the process of decoction, this paper expounds the formation mechanism of particles in decoction, expounds the research method of particles, analyzes the components in particles and the interaction between components, and then explains the pharmacodynamic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine decoction, which provides the foundation for the modernization of Chinese decoction.

Glioblastoma is the most common intracranial primary malignant tumor, which leads to the poor quality of life of patients and has a high recurrence rate. Chemotherapy is a vital part in the treatment of this disease. Tetrandrine(Tet) is an active ingredient extracted from the root of the Chinese medicinal plant Stephania tetrandra, which has been proved with a wide range of pharmacological effects including anti-tumor. However, there are few studies regarding the effect of Tet on glioma. In this study, MTT and BrdU assays were employed to detect the effect of Tet on the proliferation of LN229 glioblastoma cells; flow cytometry was used to analyze the cycle distribution and apoptosis; plate cloning assay and soft agar colony formation assay were performed to study the colony formation ability of LN229 cells exposed to Tet; scratch assay and Transwell assay were conducted to detect the ability of migration and invasion; Western blot was adopted to the exploration of the molecular mechanism. The MTT and BrdU assays showed that Tet inhibited the proliferation of LN229 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The plate cloning assay and soft agar colony formation assay showed that Tet weakened the colony formation of LN229 cells in vitro; cytometry assay showed that Tet blocked cells in the G_1 phase and promoted cell apoptosis; scratch and Transwell assays proved that Tet inhibited the migration and invasion of LN229 cells; Western blot results showed that Tet down-regulated the expression levels of CDK2, CDK6, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, snail, slug, vimentin, and N-cadherin, while up-regulated the level of E-cadherin. The results indicate that Tet has a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LN229 glioblastoma cells, and such effect may be related to the participation of Tet in the regulation of c-Myc/p27 axis and snail signaling pathway.
Apoptosis ; Benzylisoquinolines ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Glioblastoma/genetics* ; Humans ; Quality of Life

Glioblastoma is the most common primary cranial malignancy, and chemotherapy remains an important tool for its treatment. Sanggenon C(San C), a class of natural flavonoids extracted from Morus plants, is a potential antitumor herbal monomer. In this study, the effect of San C on the growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay and 5-bromodeoxyuridinc(BrdU) labeling assay. The effect of San C on the tumor cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry, and the effect of San C on clone formation and self-renewal ability of tumor cells was examined by soft agar assay. Western blot and bioinformatics analysis were used to investigate the mechanism of the antitumor activity of San C. In the presence of San C, the MTT assay showed that San C significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of tumor cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. BrdU labeling assay showed that San C significantly attenuated the DNA replication activity in the nucleus of tumor cells. Flow cytometry confirmed that San C blocked the cell cycle of tumor cells in G_0/G_1 phase. The soft agar clone formation assay revealed that San C significantly attenuated the clone formation and self-renewal ability of tumor cells. The gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) implied that San C inhibited the tumor cell division cycle by affecting the myelocytomatosis viral oncogene(MYC) signaling pathway. Western blot assay revealed that San C inhibited the expression of cyclin through the regulation of the MYC signaling pathway by lysine demethylase 4B(KDM4B), which ultimately inhibited the growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells and self-renewal. In conclusion, San C exhibits the potential antitumor activity by targeting the KDM4B-MYC axis to inhibit glioblastoma cell growth, proliferation, and self-renewal.
Humans ; Glioblastoma/genetics* ; Bromodeoxyuridine/therapeutic use* ; Signal Transduction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism* ; Agar ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Apoptosis ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism*