Naringin has been reported to possess a wild range of biological activities. However, the route and metabolites of naringin produced by intestinal bacteria are not well understood. In this paper, different bacteria were isolated from human feces and their abilities to convert naringin to different metabolites were studied. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) with automated data analysis software (MetaboLynx) was applied to fast analysis of naringin metabolites. Using MSE and mass defect filter techniques, three metabolites were detected and tentatively identified. The results indicated that acetylation, hydrolyzation and hydrolyzation with hydrogenation were the major metabolic pathways of naringin in vitro. Then, we studied the gene sequence of the 16S rRNA of the bacteria by extraction of genomic DNA of the strain, PCR amplification and clone of the 16S rRNA. The consequence proved that Enterococcus sp.30, Bacillus sp.46, Escherichia sp.54 and Escherichia sp.63 have the peculiar metabolism characteristic of naringin.
Bacillus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Enterococcus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Escherichia ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Feces ; microbiology ; Female ; Flavanones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Objective To evaluate the effect of PTH gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple skeletal sites in normal females.Methods PTH gene phenotype was determined by PCR-RFLP of restriction enzyme Bst BⅠin 596 females aged (46.3?13.7) years (20-80 years),and PCR products with or without enzymolytic site were considered as genotype B or genotype b respectively.BMDs of the anteropesterior spine (AP) and supine lateral spine (Lat) of lumbar vertebrae (L_1-L_4),femoral neck (FN),total hip (T-hip), Ward's triangle (Ward),Trochanter (Troch),forearm [radius+ulna ultradistal (RUUD) and total area of radius + ulna (RUT) ] were measured by DEXA (QDR4500A).Results (1) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evident for PTH polymorphisms.The frequencies of genotype were BB 0.784,Bb 0.208,bb 0.008 and frequencies of alleles B,b were 0.888 and 0.112 respectively in 596 normal females.Frequencies of BB,Bb,bb genotypes were 0.781,0.210,and 0.009 respectively in 347 postmenopausal women and their frequencies of alleles B,b were 0.886,0.114.No significant difference was found between post- and premenopausal women in genotype frequen- cy.(2) Comparing their BMDs of AP,Lat,FN,T-hip,Ward,Troch,RUUD and RUT,there was no significant difference between BB and Bb genotypes of pre- and postmenopansal women groups.(3) Logistic regression analysis failed to show any statistical difference between normal and osteoporosis women with regard to PTH phenotype.Conclusion PTH gene polymorphism has little effect on BMD in normal females.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the ideal digestive tract reconstruction methods among three different surgical methods after radical gastrectomy of gastric cancer patients.

METHODSA total of 123 patients who received elective radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer from February 2010 to August 2011 were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into radical proximal gastrectomy and jejunal interposition group, radical proximal gastrectomy and esophageal with the posterior of residual-stomach group, and radical total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy group. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Symptoms of reflux esophagitis were observed, gastric emptying tests were done, liver and kidney function was also monitored. The quality of life was documented before operation, and one and twelve months after operation.

RESULTSNo significant differences were found among these three groups in the pH value of lower part of esophagus, the blood regular test results and the functional parameters of kidney and liver before and after operation(all P>0.05). Symptoms of reflux esophagitis was reported in 1(2.4%) patients in the jejunal interposition group, 10(24.4%) in esophageal with the posterial of residual-stomach group, and 7(17.1%) in the Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy group(P=0.017). There was 1(2.4%), 10(17.1%), and 8(19.5%) patients presented reflux of barium meal in these three groups, respectively (P=0.046). There were no statistically significant difference in PH at the distal esophagus(6.9±0.2 vs. 6.8±0.1 vs. 6.9±0.1, P=0.196). The quality of life was significantly improved one year after surgery in terms of general status, physical function, emotional function, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, pain, constipation, and diarrhea (all P<0.05), with the jejunal interposition superior than the other two methods.

CONCLUSIONThree methods of digestive tract reconstruction in radical gastrectomy of gastric cancer patients can improve the health status and the quality of life in gastric cancer patients. Radical proximal gastrectomy and jejunal interposition is the preferred method.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Esophagus ; Gastrectomy ; Gastric Emptying ; Gastric Stump ; Humans ; Jejunum ; Quality of Life ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features, treatment modalities and the prognosis of nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma.

METHODSThe data of 39 such patients treated from June 2000 to December 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty three patients were treated by combined chemoradiotherapy, basing on anthracycline-containing CHOP or similar regimens (median 5 cycles). Eleven patients by chemotherapy alone, 2 by radiotherapy alone and 2 aged patients by palliative chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Radiotherapy was given by high energy photon ray combined with electron beam with a median curative dose of 56 Gy in conventional fractionation. Bivariate correlations and univariate prognostic factors were analyzed.

RESULTSMedian follow-up time for the 21 patients who were still alive was 22.5 months. The overall remission rate (RR) after initial treatment was 66.7% (21 CR, 3 PR). Chemotherapy alone got a CR rate of only 37.5%. The overall local control rate was 59.4%. Local relapse rate after curative radiotherapy was 25.0%. Radiotherapy was positively correlated with local control (P = 0.000) and time to disease progression (TTP, P = 0.002). Skin and intestine were among the extranodal relapse sites. Fifteen patients had highly aggressive tumors with a median survival time of only 5 months. Univariate analysis showed that significant favorable survival prognostic factors were: radiotherapy (P = 0.001); lower risk International Prognostic Index (IPI, P = 0.001); complete remission after primary treatment (P = 0.000); pre-diagnostic history > 2 months (P = 0.024); and free of skin involvement (P = 0.034).

CONCLUSIONMost of nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma are in early stage when diagnosed. Radiotherapy remains to be the mainstay of treatment. Combined chemoradiotherapy needs further improvement for the progressive disease type. Some patients may have highly aggressive tumors with poor prognosis. Optimal prognostic factors and individualized treatment regimens need to be investigated.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nose Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To construct the recombinant DNA E.coli ghosts (EBGs) expressing Treponema pallidum adhesin Tp0751 (pcD/Tp0751-BG) and determine its immunocompetence in immunized mice,and provide a potential novel method for syphilis vaccine developing.Methods:The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)/Tp0751 was constructed and loaded into empty EBGs to create pcD/Tp0751-BG.The loading rate was determined accordingly.Macrophages cell line RAW264.7 was transfected with pcD/Tp0751-BG,and the expression of recombinant Tp0751(rTp0751) protein was detected by Western blot(WB).For immuno-competence in mice,the female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups,including three control groups,A (PBS),B (EBG),C (empty pcDNA),and experimental group D(naked pcD/Tp0751),E (pcD/Tp0751-BG) and F (pcD/Tp0751-BG+rTp0751).All the mice were immunized as indicated for three times by intramuscular injection at two weeks intervals.The levels of specific IgG in sera and SIgA in genital tract lavage fluid were measured by ELISA.Levels of lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ secretion in spleen cells were measured by CCK-8 Cell Counting Kit and ELISA as well,respectively.Results:The loading rate of pcD/Tp0751 to EBGs was 76.1%.WB showed that the target recombinant protein pcD/Tp0751 expressed in RAW264.7 cells was active with Tp-infected rabbit sera.The titers of specific IgG and SIgA in group D,E,F gradually increased to significantly higher level as compared to the control groups (P<0. 01),which reached its peak at wk 8 after last immunization(the titers of IgG and SIgA were 1 :102 400 and 1 :12 800 in group F,respectively). Higher levels of specific IgG and SIgA were observed in groups E and F as compared to group D after first boost (P<0. 01),with groups F higher than group E after last boost(P<0. 01). At wk 8 after the last boost,the stimulation index (SI) and levels of IFN-γ in group D,E,F were all significant higher than the control groups (P<0. 01), with group E and F higher than group D (P<0. 01),and group E higher than group F (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The recombinant DNA EBGs of T. pallidum adhesin Tp0751 (pcD/ Tp0751-BG) possesses the immunocompetence to induce not only strong mucosal and systemic humoral immune response but also systemic cellular immune response in BALB/ c mice. The heterologous boost can be more efficient than homologous boost during immunization process.

Objective To establish the quality control method of Yinqiao Chaihuang Granules.Methods Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Bupleuri Radix, Scutellariae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in Yinqiao Chaihuang Granules were identified by TLC, and the content of forsythoside A was detected by HPLC. Results Under the selected chromatographic conditions, TLC spots were clear, the separating was good, and non-interference was found in negative control. Forsythoside A in calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 0.029 6–0.474 μg, with average recovery of 99.73%, RSD=1.18%. Conclusion The method is accurate and simple, which can be used for the quality control of Yinqiao Chaihuang Granules.

Objective To identify the Y-chromosomal genetic types for the soldier's remains from Huaihai Campaign,and to offer a clue for search of their paternal relatives.Methods DNA of the remains were extracted by the ancient DNA extraction method.Yfiler kit was used for the multiplex amplification of 17 Y-STR loci.The haplogroups of the samples were speculated.Detailed genotyping of the selected Y-SNP was performed based on the latest Y-chromosome phylogenetic tree.Haplotype-sharing analysis was done based on the data of Y-SNP and Y-STR,the closest modern individual information to the genetic relationship of remains was gained.Results A total of 8 Y-STR haplotypes were observed on 17 Y-STR loci of 8 male individuals.Furthermore,6 Y-SNP haplogroups were identified,which were O2a1-M95+,O1a1-P203+,O3*-M122+/M234-,D1-M15+,C3*-ST and R1a1-M17+.Conclusion Identification of Y-chromosomal genetic types for the soldier's remains from Huaihai Campaign shows a reference value on inferring the geographical origins of old materials.

A disintegrin-metalloproteinase 28 (ADAM28) is one of important members of ADAM family, that is involved in various biological events including cell adhesion, proteolysis, growth and metastasis of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Studies have shown that ADAM28 is highly expressed in several human tumors, such as lung, breast and bladder cancers, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and its tissue expression levels correlate with cancer metastasis. ADAM28-mediated cancer cell metastasis may be related with the cleavage of von Willebrand's factor (vWF), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), as well as the promoting PSGL-1/P-selectin-mediated cell adhesion. This review summarizes the basic and translational aspects of ADAM28 biology that might stimulate the interest in ADAM28 research and discovery of novel ADAM28 targets, providing potential novel therapies for metastatic cancers.
ADAM Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) is a rare complication of blood transfusion. The disease is fulminant and fatal in most patients. TA-GVHD is caused by transfused alloreactive donor T lymphocytes that attack host tissue, including skin, liver, gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow. Most patients are immunocompromised, but immunocompetent patients can also be involved. Irradiation of blood components is generally recommended to prevent the onset of TA-GVHD for susceptible recipients. This review focus on pathogenesis and prevention of TA-GVHD.
Blood Transfusion ; Bone Marrow ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Liver ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tissue Donors

The apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) is the main cellular process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Our previous studies showed that 17β-estradiol (E
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Estradiol/pharmacology* ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Interleukin-1beta ; Nucleus Pulposus/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases