1. Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of durian shells in ASEAN countries: A review
Yuan-fei ZHAN ; Xiao-tao HOU ; Li-li FAN ; Yuan-fei ZHAN ; Xiao-tao HOU ; Li-li FAN ; Zheng-cai DU ; Er-wei HAO ; Jia-gang DENG ; Yuan-fei ZHAN ; Xiao-tao HOU ; Li-li FAN ; Zheng-cai DU ; Er-wei HAO ; Jia-gang DENG ; Yuan-fei ZHAN ; Xiao-tao HOU ; Zheng-cai DU ; Soo Ee CH'NG ; Khamphanh THEPKAYSONE ; Er-wei HAO ; Jia-gang DENG ; Xiao-tao HOU ; Zheng-cai DU ; Er-wei HAO ; Jia-gang DENG ; Soo Ee CH'NG ; Siok Meng NG ; Khamphanh THEPKAYSONE
Chinese Herbal Medicines 2021;13(4):461-471
Durio zibethnus is mainly distributed in Southeast Asia. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that durian shells have the effects of clearing heat and purging fire, nourishing yin and moisturizing dryness. Therefore, it is often used as a pharmaceutic food in the Chinese folk to assist treating diseases. At present, the chemical constituents isolated from durian shell include phenolic acids, phenolic glycosides, flavonoids, coumarins, triterpenes, simple glycosides and other compounds. Modern pharmacological studies show that durian shell has many pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. The chemical composition and pharmacological effects of durian shells are summarized in order to provide references for the further research and application of durian shell.
2.Chemical Constituents, Toxicology and Pharmacological Effect of Momordicae Semen
Fang-hui ZHAO ; Xiao-tao HOU ; Er-wei HAO ; Yun-fei LIANG ; Zheng-cai DU ; Jia-gang DENG
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2020;26(3):222-235
Momordicae Semen a traditional toxic Chinese medicine, which was first recorded in
3.Sub-anesthesia Dose of Isoflurane in 60% Oxygen Reduces Inflammatory Responses in Experimental Sepsis Models.
Yi HUANG ; Xiao-Xia WANG ; Dong-Dong SUN ; Ze-Xin ZHANG ; Wan-Wan YANG ; Tian SHAO ; Han HAN ; Er-Fei ZHANG ; Zhong-Shu PU ; Zuo-Xu HOU ; Hai-Long DONG ; Li-Ze XIONG ; Li-Chao HOU
Chinese Medical Journal 2017;130(7):840-853
BACKGROUNDSepsis is a major cause of mortality in Intensive Care Units. Anesthetic dose isoflurane and 100% oxygen were proved to be beneficial in sepsis; however, their application in septic patients is limited because long-term hyperoxia may induce oxygen toxicity and anesthetic dose isoflurane has potential adverse consequences. This study was scheduled to find the optimal combination of isoflurane and oxygen in protecting experimental sepsis and its mechanisms.
METHODSThe effects of combined therapy with isoflurane and oxygen on lung injury and sepsis were determined in animal models of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or zymosan. Mouse RAW264.7 cells or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated by LPS to probe mechanisms. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling molecules were examined by Western blot and cellular immunohistochemistry.
RESULTSThe 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane in 60% oxygen was the best combination of oxygen and isoflurane for reducing mortality in experimental sepsis induced by CLP, intraperitoneal injection of LPS, or zymosan. The 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen inhibited proinflammatory cytokines in peritoneal lavage fluids (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-β]: 149.3 vs. 229.7 pg/ml, interleukin [IL]-1β: 12.5 vs. 20.6 pg/ml, IL-6: 86.1 vs. 116.1 pg/ml, and high-mobility group protein 1 [HMGB1]: 323.7 vs. 449.3 ng/ml; all P< 0.05) and serum (TNF-β: 302.7 vs. 450.7 pg/ml, IL-1β: 51.7 vs. 96.7 pg/ml, IL-6: 390.4 vs. 722.5 pg/ml, and HMGB1: 592.2 vs. 985.4 ng/ml; all P< 0.05) in septic animals. In vitro experiments showed that the 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen reduced inflammatory responses in mouse RAW264.7 cells, after LPS stimulation (all P< 0.05). Suppressed activation of NF-κB pathway was also observed in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and human PBMCs after LPS stimulation or plasma from septic patients. The 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen also prevented the increases of phospho-IKKβ/β, phospho-IκBβ, and phospho-p65 expressions in RAW264.7 macrophages after LPS stimulation (all P< 0.05).
CONCLUSIONCombined administration of a sedative dose of isoflurane with 60% oxygen improves survival of septic animals through reducing inflammatory responses.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Isoflurane ; therapeutic use ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Lung Injury ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; therapeutic use ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sepsis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism
4. Finite element analysis of cervical intervertebral discs after removing different ranges of uncinate processes
Yang YANG ; Jun SHI ; Kun LI ; Shao-Jie ZHANG ; Er-Fei HOU ; Jie CHEN ; Xing WANG ; Zhi-Jun LI ; Kun LI ; Yuan MA ; Shao-Jie ZHANG ; Zhi-Jun LI ; Chao-Qun WANG
Acta Anatomica Sinica 2024;55(1):88-97
Objective To study the stress change characteristics of the cervical disc after removing different ranges of the uncinate process by establishing a three⁃dimensional finite element model of the C