Adult ; Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Regression Analysis ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

OBJECTIVE: To identify the metabolites oi Pulsatilla oleanolic acid 3-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2) [β-D-glucopyr-anosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-pyran arabinoside (B7) in rat plasma, bile, urine, feces, and in vitro liver microsomes incubation system. METHODS: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was developed and successfully applied to the study on the metabolites of B7 in rat plasma, bile, urine, feces, and in vitro liver microsomes incubation system after oral administration. RESULTS: A total of 23 metabolites were identified, of which 12 metabolites were present in rat liver microsomes incubation system. CONCLUSION: Deglycosylation, demethylation glucuronidation, and hydroxylation are the major metabolic transformation forms of B7 in rats in vivo and in vitro.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of Truview~(TM)EVO_2 optic laryngoscope by comparing it with the Macintosh laryngoscope in patients receiving cervical vertebral surgery.Methods:One hundred patients scheduled for elective cervical vertebral surgery were enrolled in this randomized crossover study.After induction,the patients'glottis in group A (n=50)was displayed by Macintosh laryngoscope and the Cormack-Lehane(C/L)grade was recorded,and then optic laryngoscope was employed to display the laryngeal structure.The order of laryngoscopy attempts was reversed in group B(n= 50).Parameters recorded included demographics,airway assessment feat ures(BMI,thyromental distance,mandibular size,mouth opening,mallampati oropharyngeal scale,and neck movement),C/L grade,laryngoscopic force applied,duration of intubation, difficulties of laryngeal view and injury of upper airway.Results:There were no significant difference in demographics,airway assessment features,C/L grade and duration of intubation between the 2 groups,whereas the laryngoscopic force in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the stems of Glycosmis pentaphylla. Methods: The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by means of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Results: Nine compounds were isolated from the n-butanol-soluble fraction of 95% ethanol extract from the stems of G. pentaphylla, and identified as methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate 2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), inosine (2), 4-methoxy-8-(O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2(1H)-quinolinone (3), threo-guaiacyl-glycerol-8-O-4'-sinapyl ether 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), vitexin (5), ethyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2-propyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), threo-guaiacyl glycerol (8), and erythro-guaiacyl glycerol (9). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new phenolic glycoside named glycopentosine A, and compounds 2-4 and 6-9 are isolated from the plants of Glycosmis Correa for the first time.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of pharmacoki-netics of pingyangmycin ion -exchanged microspheres in rabbits.Methods A total of 12 Japanese rabbits, half male and half female, were randomly divided into group A and group B.The rabbits in group A and group B were injected with PYM and PYM-MS via external carotid artery separately.The blood samples were obtained at 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 ,90 and 120 minutes after injection and detected by HPLC method.The parameters of pharmacokinetics were analyzed.Results Compared with group A, it showed a slow decrease in terms of concentration-time curves of pingyangmycin in rabbits after administration of PYM-MS in group B;the Cmax [(11.62 ±2.66) vs (58.96 ±4.51) mg· L-1 ] and AUC [(21.06 ±31.33) vs (791.98 ±55.30) mg· L-1 · min] in group B were significantly lower ( P <0.01 ) , but the data of MRT0-60 min was longer in group B [ ( 22.29 ±1.52 ) vs ( 14.20 ±1.24 ) min ] , P <0.01.Conclusion PYM-MS showed definite property of delayed drug release, with a lower plasma concentration.

The property of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium is warm and the taste is spicy, which can be used as food as well as medicine. Its alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activity and have good prospects for development in medicine and food. The resources of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium in China are abundant, and the intensive research on its active ingredients can promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial economy. This article reviewed the research status of extraction, content determination and physiological activity of alkaloids from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, in order to provide references for efficient use of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium.

OBJECTIVETo explore the prediction of the site for microsurgical vasoepididymostomy (VE) in the treatment of epididymal obstructive azoospermia (OA).

METHODSThis study involved 56 infertile men with confirmed OA whose obstruction was suspected to be in the epididymis. Based on their medical history and results of preoperative physical examination and ultrasonography, we predicted the sites for VE. We performed surgical scrotal exploration for the status of epididymal obstruction, conducted palpation and microscopic observation for the epididymal tubules to be anastomosed, and finally decided on the sites for VE by making sure of the presence of motile sperm in the epididymal fluid of the patients. After surgery, we followed up the patients for the rate of pregnancy.

RESULTSAll the patients received bilateral scrotal ultrasonography and surgical scrotal exploration, totaling 112 procedures, including 98 VE procedures. The accuracy rate of the predicted sites for VE was 80.5% (153/190) by medical history and physical examination, 80.3% (90/112) based on the results of ultrasonography, and 87.4% (90/103) according to the first selected epididymal tubules. Of the 28 patients followed up for more than 12 months, motile sperm were found in 19 (67.9% ) at 2 to 12 months and spontaneous pregnancies were achieved in 10 (35.7%), all with the anastomotic sites in the corpus or cauda.

CONCLUSIONMedical history and physical examination contribute to the selection of anastomotic sites and non-invasive scrotal ultrasonography is effective and practical for positioning epididymal obstruction. The epididymal tubules with motile sperm for anastomosis could be easily obtained from the most dilated ones in indurated epididymides.

Azoospermia ; surgery ; Body Fluids ; Epididymis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Scrotum ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Vas Deferens ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery

Two plasmid constructs, pcE2 and pcE3, containing 3' fragment of open reading frame 2 (ORF2,1163 bp) of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and full-length ORF3 (369 bp), were injected into bilateral tibialis of Swiss mice respectively，for three times (0, 2nd and 4th weeks) and observed the HEV IgG by ELISA. HEV IgG was induced after the injection of pcE2 or pcE3 or both, and the percentage of seraconversion was 100% after two weeks of the third injection. Compared with injection of either construct, the antibody titers were higher in the group with combined injection of two constructs.

The effects of diclazuril on the bursa of Fabricius (BF) structure and secretory IgA (SIgA) expression in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella were examined. The morphology of the BF was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, while ultrastructural changes were monitored by transmission electron microscopy. E. tenella infection caused the BF cell volumes to decrease, irregularly arranged, as well as, enlargement of the intercellular space. Diclazuril treatment alleviated the physical signs of damages associated with E. tenella infection. The SIgA expression in BF was analyzed by immunohistochemistry technique. The SIgA expression increased significantly by 350.4% (P<0.01) after E. tenella infection compared to the normal control group. With the treatment of diclazuril, the SIgA was relatively fewer in the cortex, and the expression level was significantly decreased by 46.7% (P<0.01) compared with the infected and untreated group. In conclusion, E. tenella infection in chickens induced obvious harmful changes in BF morphological structure and stimulated the expression of SIgA in the BF. Diclazuril treatment effectively alleviated the morphological changes. This result demonstrates a method to develop an immunological strategy in coccidiosis control.
Animals ; Bursa of Fabricius/anatomy & histology/*parasitology ; Chickens ; Coccidiosis/drug therapy/metabolism/parasitology/*veterinary ; Coccidiostats/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Eimeria tenella/*physiology ; Female ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Nitriles/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Poultry Diseases/*drug therapy/genetics/metabolism/parasitology ; Triazines/administration & dosage/*adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of smoke inhalation injury on the phagocytic function of rat alveolar macrophages and neutrophil apoptosis.

METHODSWistar rats inflicted with smoke inhalation injury were employed in the study. Fifty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control (N, n = 6) and inhalation injury (I, n = 48) groups. Alveolar macrophages were harvested from the BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) in I group of rats at 2, 6, 12 and 24 postburn hours (PBHs) and on 2, 3, 4 and 5 postburn days (PBDs). The dynamic change in the phagocytosis of chicken erythrocytes by alveolar macrophages in vitro was observed. The positive rate of myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining of alveolar macrophages (AMs) by MPO staining method was observed, so as to indirectly reflect neutrophil apoptosis and the phagocytosis o apoptotic neutrophils by AMs. Furthermore, the dynamic change in the inflammatory cell apoptosis within BALF was monitored by flow cytometry.

RESULTS(1) he phagocytosis of chicken erythrocytes by AMs was decreased during early postburn stage (2 - 6 PBHs) but recovered after 12 PBHs. (2) The positive MPO staining of AMs was increased gradually after injury and reached top level at 24 PBHs, but decreased during 2 - 5 PBDs. (3) The apoptotic rate within BALF was around 3.02% - 12.95% and rose to peak value at 24 PBHs.

CONCLUSIONThere was increased apoptosis of inflammatory cells within BALF. The resolution process of inflammation after smoke inhalation injury involved neutrophil apoptosis and the phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by AMs.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; pathology ; physiology ; Neutrophils ; pathology ; Phagocytosis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; pathology ; physiopathology