Objective To analyze the treatment outcome and related influencing factors of Tibet- an nationality new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Qinghai Province，so as to provide evidence for tuberculosis control and treatment among Tibetan population． Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on 5 564 Tibetan nationality new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Qinghai province who were reported in the China Tuberculosis Information Management System and approved to receive treatment from 2008 to 2017． The main influencing factors were detected by unconditional Logistic regression model analysis，dependent variable was successful treatment or not，independent variables were other factors related to the treatment outcome． Ｒesults The treatment success rate of Tibetan nationality new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases was 87. 1% ( 4 848 /5 564) ，and the adverse outcome rate was 12. 9% ( 716 /5 564) ． Unconditional Logistic regression model analysis indicated that non-full- course supervision management，living in agricultural and pastoral area，having severe disease，floating population，and age older than 60 years were risk factors of adverse outcome． The odds ratio( OＲ) 95% confidence interval( CI) of the above risk factors were 13. 044( 10. 671-15. 944) ，2. 305( 1. 703-3. 119) ， 2. 090( 1. 346-3. 243) ，1. 967( 1. 443-2. 682) ，and 1. 909( 1. 410-2. 586) ． Clinical consultation，farmers and herdsmen were protective factors． The OＲ( 95% CI) were 0. 451( 0. 375-0. 543) ，and 0. 786( 0. 627- 0. 985) ． Conclusions Treatment success rate of Tibetan nationality new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases was low． Therefore，the directly observed treatment short-course ( DOTS) strategy should be strictly implemented and the full-course supervision management should be strengthened to improve the treatment success rate． More attention should be paid to the elderly，severe，floating，agricultural and pastoral populations among the Tibetan population．

OBJECTIVETo identify gene expression differences between abdominal aorta aneurysm (AAA) and normal abdominal artery.

METHODSFive AAA specimens and five normal abdominal artery specimens were collected. Total RNA was extracted and purified from the samples independently. Then isolated RNA was labeled and hybridized onto the Affymetrix Genechip.

RESULTSOne thousand nine hundreds and sixty-two differently expressed genes were identified in AAA compared with normal abdominal artery, of which 554 genes were up-regulated and 1408 genes were down-regulated. Functional analysis revealed that genes involved in immune response, inflammatory response and chemokines were significantly up-regulated in AAA.

CONCLUSIONThe differently expressed genes may be useful in providing new insights and foster a better understanding of the mechanism of AAA.

Aorta, Abdominal ; metabolism ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

OBJECTIVETo identify distinct proteins involved in human atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO) by a differential proteomic approach.

METHODSEight atherosclerotic femoral arteries with a mean age of 68.6 years (6 male and 2 female) and 5 normal femoral arteries with a mean age of 44.2 years (3 male and 2 female) were obtained from high amputation patients. Then the first 2-dimensional maps of the proteome of human femoral arteries was plotted to compare ASO and control specimens. Proteomic profiling was to differentiate and identify histological proteins that were associated with ASO. The differentially expressed proteins were sequenced by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The result was verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot.

RESULTSASO was associated with distinct patterns of protein expression in the femoral arteries. A total of 25 distinct spots corresponding to 13 different proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS using the NCBI and IPI databases. These proteins were mainly involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation and transformation of SMCs. The low level of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in ASO was verified by IHC and western-blot in accord with the result of MS.

CONCLUSIONProteomic analysis can be used to investigate differentially expressed proteins, which may provide new insights into ASO pathogenesis, such as HSP27.

Adult ; Aged ; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proteome ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo prepare and identify a polyclonal antibody (pAb) against (mouse) cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT(1)) and to investigate the changes of CysLT(1) receptor expression in BV2 microglial cells after rotenone treatment.

METHODSRabbits were immunized with KLH-coupled CysLT(1) peptide to prepare the pAb. The titer of the pAb in rabbit plasma was detected by ELISA method, and the specificity of the pAb was tested by antigen blockade. After BV2 cells were treated with rotenone (0.01-1 μmol/L) for 24 h, the expression of CysLT(1) was determined by immunostaining, Western blotting and RT-PCR.

RESULTThe pAb showed a titer of 1/32728, and was not cross-reacted with antigens of CysLT(2) receptor and GPR17. Immunostaining, Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of CysLT(1) receptor in BV2 microglia. Rotenone at 1μmol/L significantly induced an increased expression of CysLT(1) receptor.

CONCLUSIONThe prepared CysLT(1) receptor polyclonal antibody has a high titer and high specificity to meet testing requirements of Western blotting and immunostaining; CysLT(1) is associated with rotenone-induced injury of BV2 microglial cells.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Male ; Mice ; Microglia ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Leukotriene ; immunology ; metabolism ; Rotenone ; pharmacology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ; analysis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the location of the anterior border of facets and the posterior border of vertebral bodies in lower cervical spine,and to provide a quantitative data to evaluate the correct length of transarticual screws in lower cervical spine during procedure.

METHODSOne hundred standard lateral X-ray films and fifty CT films on cervical spine were used to measure the distance of the anterior border of facets and the posterior border of vertebral bodies in lower cervical spine. HS, HM and HI were defined as parameters, which means the distance between the anterior border of the superior (HS), median (HM) and inferior (HI) part of facets and the posterior border of corresponding vertebral bodies. The value will be negative if the anterior border of the facet located before the vertebral body.

RESULTS'HS > HM > HI' was found in all facets in lower cervical spine. The anterior border of the facet in C(3,4) located before the posterior border of the vertebral body of C3. The anterior border of C(4,5) and C(5,6) was inclined to posterior. The anterior border of C(6,7) located after the posterior border of the vertebral body of C6. The pattern of HS increased from C(3,4) to C(6,7), the minimal (0 +/- 0.25) mm and the maximal (2.91 +/- 1.05) mm. The tendency of HM raised from C(3,4) to C(6,7), the minimal (-1.57 +/- 0.53) mm and the maximal (1.54 +/- 0.39) mm. The pattern HI added from C(3,4) to C(6,7), the minimal (-2.03 +/- 0.40) mm and the maximal (1.08 +/- 0.70) mm.

CONCLUSIONDuring the implantation of the transarticular screws, the tip of the screws should be 0-2 mm before the posterior border of the vertebral body of C3 at C(3,4), 0-2 mm after that of C4 at C(4,5), 0.5-2.5 mm at C(5,6) and 1-3 mm at C(6,7). The quantitative location between the anterior border of facets and the posterior border of the corresponding vertebral bodies can offer an indirect method to evaluate the correct length of transarticual screws in lower cervical spine during procedure.

Cervical Vertebrae ; chemistry ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Zygapophyseal Joint ; chemistry ; surgery

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma Exchange ; methods ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sorption Detoxification ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To assess the efficacy and toxicity of decitabine-based conditioning regimen in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) , acute myeloid leukemia secondary to MDS (MDS-AML) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) . Methods: From March 1, 2013 to May 25, 2015, 22 patients who underwent allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with decitabine-based conditioning regimen were analyzed retrospectively. Results: ①22 patients, 14 males and 8 females with a median age of 42.5 (24-56) years old, were diagnosed as MDS (n=14) , CMML (n=4) , MDS-AML (n=4) . ②15 patients were treated with the conditioning regimen of decitabine combined with busulfan, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, and cytarabine, the other 7 cases were treated with decitabine, busulfan, fludarabine, and cytarabine. The dose of decitabine was 20 mg·m(-2)·d(-1) for 5 days.Rabbit anti-human anti-thymocyte globulin (2.5 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) for 4 days) was involved in conditioning regimen in patients with unrelated donor or haploidentical transplantation. ③Except 1 patient died of infection in 2 months after transplantation, the other patients were engrafted successfully. The median time of granulocyte engraftment was 13 (12-18) days, and the median time of platelet engraftment was 16 (13-81) days. ④The incidence of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) was (41.3±10.6) %, and severe aGVHD (grade of III-IV) was (18.4±9.7) %. The incidence of chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) was (56.4±11.3) %, and extensive cGVHD was (36.4±12.1) %. ⑤8 patients were suffered with cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia. Among the 18 patients with definitely infection, 6 occurred during myelosuppression and 12 cases occurred after hematopoietic reconstruction. The 2-year and 3-year non-relapse mortality was (13.9±7.4) % and (24.3±9.5) %, respectively. ⑥The 2-year and 3-year overall survival (OS) was (77.3±8.9) % and (67.9±10.0) %, respectively. The 2-year and 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was (72.7±9.5) % and (63.6±10.3) %, respectively. Conclusions: allo-HSCT with decitabine-based conditioning regimen is feasible in the treatment of MDS, MDS-AML or CMML.
Adult ; Busulfan ; Decitabine ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the experience with diagnosis and surgical treatment of visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs).

METHODSFrom June 2003 to December 2008, 8 patients (2 male and 6 female) with 9 VAAs underwent surgical treatment. Mean age was 49 years (ranged from 30 to 72 years). The site of aneurysmal disease was splenic artery in 4 cases, superior mesenteric artery in 2 cases, renal artery in 2 cases (3 aneurysms). In 1 patient of splenic artery aneurysm, portal vein hypertension coexisted. All the VAAs of preoperative diagnostic workup consisted of a ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, and digital subtraction angiography. Six patients were operated on and two patients was treated with endovascular procedures. Only one small VAAs was treated with follow-up.

RESULTSNo deaths or major complications occurred in the perioperative period. All the patients remained symptom free during a follow-up of 26.5 months (ranged from 2 to 60 months). Follow-up consisted of clinical and ultrasound scan examinations or CT scan at 1 and 6 months, and yearly thereafter.

CONCLUSIONSAggressive approach to the treatment of VAAs is essential. Elective open surgical treatment and an endovascular procedure of visceral artery aneurysms are both safe and effective, and offers satisfactory early and long term results. There is some evidence that small (< 2 cm) and asymptomatic VAAs may be safely observed.

Adult ; Aged ; Aneurysm ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Renal Artery ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Splenic Artery ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDTo explore the pathological features and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to provide evidence for the clinical treatment and prevention of SARS.

METHODSPathological features of 2 cases of full autopsy and 4 cases of needle biopsy tissue samples from the patients who died from SARS were studied by light and electron microscopy. The distribution and quantity of lymphocyte subpopulations in the lungs and immune organs from SARS patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The location and semi-quantitative analysis of SARS coronavirus in the tissue specimens were studied by electron microscopy, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn total of 6 cases, diffuse alveolar damage and alveolar cell proliferation were common. The major pathological changes of 2 autopsy cases of SARS in lung tissues were acute pulmonary interstitial and alveolar exudative inflammation, and 2 autopsy and one biopsy lung tissues showed alveolar hyaline membrane formation. Terminal bronchiolar and alveolar desquamation of lung tissues in one autopsy and 2 biopsy cases were noted. Among 6 cases, 2 biopsy cases presented early pulmonary fibrosis and alveolar organization. Meanwhile, the immune organs, including lymph nodes and spleens from 2 autopsy cases of SARS whose disease courses were less than 12 days showed extensive hemorrhagic necrosis, reactive macrophage/histocyte proliferation, with relative depression of mononuclear and granulocytic clones in the bone marrows. However, spleen and bone marrow biopsy tissue samples from 4 dead SARS cases whose clinical course lasted from 21 to 40 days presented repairing changes. SARS coronaviruses were mainly identified in type I and II alveolar epithelia, macrophages, and endothelia; meanwhile, some renal tubular epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes, mucosal and crypt epithelial cells of gastrointestinal tracts, parenchymal cells in adrenal glands, lymphocytes, testicular epithelial cells and Leydig's cells were also detected by electron microscopy combined with in situ hybridization. The semi-quantitative analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations revealed that the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes were about 80% of the total infiltrative inflammatory cells in the pulmonary interstitium, with a few CD4+ lymphocytes CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ or CD20+ lymphocyte subpopulations were obviously decreased and there was imbalance in number and proportion, while CD57+, CD68+, S-100+ and HLA-DR+ cells were relatively increased in lymph nodes and spleens.

CONCLUSIONSHistologically, the pulmonary changes could be divided into acute inflammatory exudative, terminal bronchiolar and alveolar desquamative and proliferative repair stages or types during the pathological process of SARS. SARS coronavirus was found in multi-target cells in vivo, which means that SARS coronavirus might cause multi-organ damages which were predominant in lungs. There were varying degrees of decrease and imbalance in number and proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations in the immune organs of the patients with SARS. However, these changes may be reversible. It was found that cellular immune responses were predominant in the lungs of SARS cases, which might play an important role in getting rid of coronaviruses in infected cells and inducing immune mediated injury.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS Virus ; isolation & purification ; ultrastructure ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; immunology ; pathology ; virology